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Brouwer J, Nijenhuis VJ, Delewi R, Hermanides RS, Holvoet W, Dubois CLF, Frambach P, De Bruyne B, van Houwelingen GK, Van Der Heyden JAS, Toušek P, van der Kley F, Buysschaert I, Schotborgh CE, Ferdinande B, van der Harst P, Roosen J, Peper J, Thielen FWF, Veenstra L, Chan Pin Yin DRPP, Swaans MJ, Rensing BJWM, van 't Hof AWJ, Timmers L, Kelder JC, Stella PR, Baan J, Ten Berg JM. Aspirin with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1447-1457. [PMID: 32865376 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2017815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of single as compared with dual antiplatelet treatment on bleeding and thromboembolic events after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) in patients who do not have an indication for long-term anticoagulation has not been well studied. METHODS In a randomized, controlled trial, we assigned a subgroup of patients who were undergoing TAVI and did not have an indication for long-term anticoagulation, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive aspirin alone or aspirin plus clopidogrel for 3 months. The two primary outcomes were all bleeding (including minor, major, and life-threatening or disabling bleeding) and non-procedure-related bleeding over a period of 12 months. Most bleeding at the TAVI puncture site was counted as non-procedure-related. The two secondary outcomes were a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, non-procedure-related bleeding, stroke, or myocardial infarction (secondary composite 1) and a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, ischemic stroke, or myocardial infarction (secondary composite 2) at 1 year, with both outcomes tested sequentially for noninferiority (noninferiority margin, 7.5 percentage points) and superiority. RESULTS A total of 331 patients were assigned to receive aspirin alone and 334 were assigned to receive aspirin plus clopidogrel. A bleeding event occurred in 50 patients (15.1%) receiving aspirin alone and in 89 (26.6%) receiving aspirin plus clopidogrel (risk ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.77; P = 0.001). Non-procedure-related bleeding occurred in 50 patients (15.1%) and 83 patients (24.9%), respectively (risk ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.83; P = 0.005). A secondary composite 1 event occurred in 76 patients (23.0%) receiving aspirin alone and in 104 (31.1%) receiving aspirin plus clopidogrel (difference, -8.2 percentage points; 95% CI for noninferiority, -14.9 to -1.5; P<0.001; risk ratio, 0.74; 95% CI for superiority, 0.57 to 0.95; P = 0.04). A secondary composite 2 event occurred in 32 patients (9.7%) and 33 patients (9.9%), respectively (difference, -0.2 percentage points; 95% CI for noninferiority, -4.7 to 4.3; P = 0.004; risk ratio, 0.98; 95% CI for superiority, 0.62 to 1.55; P = 0.93). A total of 44 patients (13.3%) and 32 (9.6%), respectively, received oral anticoagulation during the trial. CONCLUSIONS Among patients undergoing TAVI who did not have an indication for oral anticoagulation, the incidence of bleeding and the composite of bleeding or thromboembolic events at 1 year were significantly less frequent with aspirin than with aspirin plus clopidogrel administered for 3 months. (Funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development; POPular TAVI EU Clinical Trials Register number, 2013-003125-28; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02247128.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorn Brouwer
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Vincent J Nijenhuis
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Ronak Delewi
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Renicus S Hermanides
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Wouter Holvoet
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Christophe L F Dubois
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Peter Frambach
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Bernard De Bruyne
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Gert K van Houwelingen
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Jan A S Van Der Heyden
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Petr Toušek
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Frank van der Kley
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Ian Buysschaert
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Carl E Schotborgh
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Bert Ferdinande
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Pim van der Harst
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - John Roosen
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Joyce Peper
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Frederick W F Thielen
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Leo Veenstra
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Dean R P P Chan Pin Yin
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Martin J Swaans
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Benno J W M Rensing
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Arnoud W J van 't Hof
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Leo Timmers
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Johannes C Kelder
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Pieter R Stella
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Jan Baan
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
| | - Jurriën M Ten Berg
- From the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein (J. Brouwer, V.J.N., J.P., D.R.P.P.C.P.Y., M.J.S., B.J.W.M.R., L.T., J.C.K., J.M.B.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.D., J. Baan), the Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle (R.S.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (W.H., L.V., A.W.J.H.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (A.W.J.H., J.M.B.), Maastricht, the Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede (G.K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (F.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague (C.E.S.), the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (P.H.), Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam (F.W.F.T.), the Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen (A.W.J.H.), and the Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht (P.R.S.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven (C.L.F.D.), Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Clinic (B.D.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Algemeen Stedelijk Hospital Aalst (I.B.), Aalst, the Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Brugge (J.A.S.V.D.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk (B.F.), and the Department of Cardiology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden (J.R.) - all in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Institut National de Chirurgie Cardiaque et de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (P.F.); and the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (P.T.)
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