1
|
Jiang Z, Yao X, Lan W, Tang F, Ma W, Yao X, Chen C, Cai X. Associations of the circulating levels of cytokines with risk of systemic sclerosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330560. [PMID: 38482004 PMCID: PMC10933062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Systemic sclerosis(SSc) remains unclear, studies suggest that inflammation may be linked to its pathogenesis. Hence, we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the association between cytokine and growth factor cycling levels and the risk of SSc onset. Methods In our study, the instrumental variables(IVs) for circulating cytokines were sourced from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of 8293 Finnish individuals. The SSc data comprised 302 cases and 213145 controls, and was included in the GWAS dataset. We employed four methods for the MR analysis: MR Egger, Inverse variance weighted (IVW), Weighted medium, and Weighted Mode, with IVW being the primary analytical method. Sensitivity analyses were performed using heterogeneity testing, horizontal pleiotropy testing, and the Leave One Out (LOO) method. We also conducted a reverse MR analysis to determine any reverse causal relationship between SSc and circulating cytokines. Results After Bonferroni correction, MR analysis revealed that the Interleukin-5 (IL-5) cycle level was associated with a reduced risk of SSc [odds ratio (OR)=0.48,95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27-0.84, P=0.01]. It also indicated that the Stem cell growth factor beta (SCGF-β) cycling level might elevate the risk of SSc (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01-1.83, P = 0.04). However, the reverse MR analysis did not establish a causal relationship between SSc and circulating cytokine levels. Additionally, sensitivity analysis outcomes affirm the reliability of our results. Conclusion Our MR study suggests potential causal relationships between IL-5, SCGF-β, and the risk of SSc. Further research is essential to determine how IL-5 and SCGF-β influence the development of SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong Jiang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Yao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiya Lan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wukai Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueming Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People’s Hospital Of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dziedzic R, Wójcik K, Olchawa M, Sarna T, Pięta J, Jakieła B, Padjas A, Korona A, Zaręba L, Potaczek DP, Kosałka-Węgiel J, Jurczyszyn A, Bazan-Socha S. Increased oxidative stress response in circulating blood of systemic sclerosis patients - relation to disease characteristics and inflammatory blood biomarkers. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 62:152228. [PMID: 37429138 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology characterized by organ fibrosis and microcirculation dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that SSc is related to increased oxidative stress, which contributes to further tissue and vascular damage. METHODS Oxidative stress response in the peripheral blood was assessed in patients with SSc (n = 55) and well-matched controls (n = 44) using real-time monitoring of protein hydroperoxide (HP) formation by the coumarin boronic acid (CBA) assay. We also analyzed the relationship between HP generation and SSc clinics, systemic inflammation, and cellular fibronectin, an emerging biomarker of endothelial damage. RESULTS SSc was characterized by a significantly faster (2-fold) fluorescent product generation in the CBA assay and higher cumulative HP formation (3-fold) compared to controls (p<0.001, both). The dynamics of HP generation were not associated with the form of the disease (diffuse vs. limited SSc), current immunosuppressive therapy use, presence of abnormal nailfold capillaries, and autoantibody profile. Still, it was enhanced in patients with more severe illness and certain clinical manifestations (i.e., pulmonary hypertension, digital ulcers, and cyclophosphamide treatment) and in smokers (current or past). Higher serum CRP, blood eosinophil count, and cellular fibronectin with lower hemoglobin levels were independent determinants of increased HP formation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a pro-oxidant imbalance in SSc, likely related to systemic inflammation and endothelial injury. However, extensive prospective studies are needed to verify whether it is also associated with clinical disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Dziedzic
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wójcik
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olchawa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jakieła
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Padjas
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Korona
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lech Zaręba
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Aulweg 132, 35392 Gießen, Germany; Bioscientia MVZ Labor Mittelhessen GmbH, Rudolf-Diesel-Straße 4, 35394 Gießen, Germany
| | - Joanna Kosałka-Węgiel
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Center, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kopernika 17, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Allen J, Rajbhandari P, Schroer B. Systemic Sclerosis and Hypereosinophilic Syndrome in a 3-Year-Old Child. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:548-551. [PMID: 35995101 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Allen
- Akron Children's Hospital, One Perkins Square, Akron, OH.
| | | | - Brian Schroer
- Akron Children's Hospital, One Perkins Square, Akron, OH
| |
Collapse
|