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Zhang Y, Chen S, Tian Y, Fu X. Host factors of SARS-CoV-2 in infection, pathogenesis, and long-term effects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1407261. [PMID: 38846354 PMCID: PMC11155306 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1407261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative virus of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic that results in an unparalleled global health and economic crisis. Despite unprecedented scientific efforts and therapeutic interventions, the fight against COVID-19 continues as the rapid emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and the increasing challenge of long COVID-19, raising a vast demand to understand the pathomechanisms of COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae and develop therapeutic strategies beyond the virus per se. Notably, in addition to the virus itself, the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical severity of COVID-19 is also governed by host factors. In this review, we therefore comprehensively overview the replication cycle and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 from the perspective of host factors and host-virus interactions. We sequentially outline the pathological implications of molecular interactions between host factors and SARS-CoV-2 in multi-organ and multi-system long COVID-19, and summarize current therapeutic strategies and agents targeting host factors for treating these diseases. This knowledge would be key for the identification of new pathophysiological aspects and mechanisms, and the development of actionable therapeutic targets and strategies for tackling COVID-19 and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital and Cancer Center, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital and Cancer Center, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Chávez-Pacheco JL, Castillejos-López M, Hernández-Regino LM, Velasco-Hidalgo L, Zapata-Tarres M, Correa-Carranza V, Rosario-Méndez G, Barrientos-Ríos R, Aquino-Gálvez A, Torres-Espíndola LM. Challenges in Treating Pediatric Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Balancing Risks and Care. Viruses 2024; 16:690. [PMID: 38793571 PMCID: PMC11125850 DOI: 10.3390/v16050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of fatalities worldwide. The case of pediatric cancer patients stands out since, despite being considered a population at risk, few studies have been carried out concerning symptom detection or the description of the mechanisms capable of modifying the course of the COVID-19 disease, such as the interaction and response between the virus and the treatment given to cancer patients. By synthesizing existing studies, this paper aims to expose the treatment challenges for pediatric patients with COVID-19 in an oncology context. Additionally, this updated review includes studies that utilized the antiviral agents Remdesivir and PaxlovidTM in pediatric cancer patients. There is no specific treatment designed exclusively for pediatric cancer patients dealing with COVID-19, and it is advisable to avoid self-medication to prevent potential side effects. Managing COVID-19 in pediatric cancer patients is indeed a substantial challenge. New strategies, such as chemotherapy application rooms, have been implemented for children with cancer who were positive for COVID-19 but asymptomatic since the risk of disease progression is greater than the risk of complications from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Chávez-Pacheco
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Epidemiology and Infectology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Laura M. Hernández-Regino
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| | | | - Marta Zapata-Tarres
- Head of Research Coordination at Mexican Social Security Institute Foundation, Mexico City 06600, Mexico;
| | - Valeria Correa-Carranza
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| | - Guillermo Rosario-Méndez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| | - Rehotbevely Barrientos-Ríos
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pulmonary Fibrosis Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luz María Torres-Espíndola
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
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Huang Y, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xiao L, Qin W, Li L. A comprehensive investigation on the receptor BSG expression reveals the potential risk of healthy individuals and cancer patients to 2019-nCoV infection. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5412-5434. [PMID: 38484369 PMCID: PMC11006473 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerging coronavirus. BSG (basigin) is involved in the tumorigenesis of multiple tumors and recently emerged as a novel viral entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. However, its expression profile in normal individuals and cancer patients are still unclear. METHODS We performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression and distribution of BSG in normal tissues, tumor tissues, and cell lines via bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. In addition, we investigated the expression of BSG and its isoforms in multiple malignancies and adjacent normal tissues, and explored the prognostic values across pan-cancers. Finally, we conducted function analysis for co-expressed genes with BSG. RESULTS We found BSG was highly conserved in different species, and was ubiquitously expressed in almost all normal tissues and significantly increased in some types of cancer tissues. Moreover, BSG at mRNA expression level was higher than ACE2 in normal lung tissues, and lung cancer tissues. High expression of BSG indicated shorter overall survival (OS) in multiple tumors. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that BSG is mostly enriched in genes for mitochondria electron transport, oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity, mitochondrial inner membrane, oxidative phosphorylation, and genes involving COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our present work emphasized the value of targeting BSG in the treatment of COVID-19 and cancer, and also provided several novel insights for understanding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyan Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mangone L, Marinelli F, Bisceglia I, Filice A, De Leonibus L, Rapicetta C, Paci M. The Influence of COVID-19 on New Lung Cancer Diagnoses, by Stage and Treatment, in Northern Italy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030390. [PMID: 36979081 PMCID: PMC10045495 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on new cancer diagnoses. This study aims to evaluate the implications of the lockdown period on new lung cancer diagnoses in northern Italy. We compared 2020 with 2019 cancer registry data, reporting the variations by age, stage, and treatments. In 2020, 303 lung cancer cases were registered, 21 fewer than in 2019. Cases fell in men (−31 patients, 9.6%) but not in women (+10 patients, +3.1%). A significant drop in stage I from 19.8% to 12.9% (p < 0.05) and an increase in stage III (12.7% vs. 19.1%; p < 0.05) was observed. Histological confirmation dropped (70.1% vs. 60.1%; p < 0.05) while cytology increased (12% vs. 20.8%; p < 0.01). Surgery declined (28.7% vs. 21.5%; p < 0.05) but increased in stage III (19.5% vs. 25.9%; p = 0.46), while chemotherapy increased (17.6% vs. 34.3%; p < 0.01) for all stages. During the pandemic, new lung cancer diagnoses dropped only in men. The reorganization of health services has ensured a decrease in surgical interventions (due to the unavailability of operating rooms) counterbalanced by an increase in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mangone
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Marinelli
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Isabella Bisceglia
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Angelina Filice
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lisa De Leonibus
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristian Rapicetta
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Paci
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Huf WE, Valipour A. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in adults with a diagnosis of cancer: a short review. MEMO 2023; 16:73-78. [PMID: 36628356 PMCID: PMC9815670 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-022-00858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Compared to individuals without cancer, patients with a diagnosis of malignancy bear a higher risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV‑2, suffer more frequently from disease-related complications, and are more likely to die due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Depending on the type of cancer and the treatment received, the immune response to vaccination may also be affected in patients with certain types of malignancy. Therefore, there is a need for more specific COVID-19 vaccination recommendations in individuals with a diagnosis of cancer. Furthermore, pre-exposition prophylaxis should be considered for some patients. This short review summarizes some challenges in prevention of (severe) COVID-19 in individuals with a diagnosis of cancer and compares guidelines given by the US National Comprehensive Cancer Network, German Robert Koch-Institut, and Austrian Nationales Impfgremium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltraud Elisabeth Huf
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna Healthcare Group, Bruennerstr. 68, 1210 Vienna, Austria ,grid.487248.50000 0004 9340 1179Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna Healthcare Group, Bruennerstr. 68, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arschang Valipour
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna Healthcare Group, Bruennerstr. 68, 1210 Vienna, Austria ,grid.487248.50000 0004 9340 1179Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna Healthcare Group, Bruennerstr. 68, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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