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Copes F, Chevallier P, Loy C, Pezzoli D, Boccafoschi F, Mantovani D. Heparin-Modified Collagen Gels for Controlled Release of Pleiotrophin: Potential for Vascular Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:74. [PMID: 31024906 PMCID: PMC6465514 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A fast re-endothelialization, along with the inhibition of neointima hyperplasia, are crucial to reduce the failure of vascular bypass grafts. Implants modifications with molecules capable of speeding up the re-endothelialization process have been proposed over the last years. However, clinical trials of angiogenic factor delivery have been mostly disappointing, underscoring the need to investigate a wider array of angiogenic factors. In this work, a drug release system based on a type I collagen hydrogel has been proposed for the controlled release of Pleiotrophin (PTN), a cytokine known for its pro-angiogenetic effects. Heparin, in virtue of its ability to sequester, protect and release growth factors, has been used to better control the release of PTN. Performances of the PTN drug delivery system on endothelial (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been investigated. Structural characterization (mechanical tests and immunofluorescent analyses of the collagen fibers) was performed on the gels to assess if heparin caused changes in their mechanical behavior. The release of PTN from the different gel formulations has been analyzed using a PTN-specific ELISA assay. Cell viability was evaluated with the Alamar Blue Cell Viability Assay on cells directly seeded on the gels (direct test) and on cells incubated with supernatant, containing the released PTN, obtained from the gels (indirect test). The effects of the different gels on the migration of both ECs and SMCs have been evaluated using a Transwell migration assay. Hemocompatibility of the gel has been assessed with a clotting/hemolysis test. Structural analyses showed that heparin did not change the structural behavior of the collagen gels. ELISA quantification demonstrated that heparin induced a constant release of PTN over time compared to other conditions. Both direct and indirect viability assays showed an increase in ECs viability while no effects were noted on SMCs. Cell migration results evidenced that the heparin/PTN-modified gels significantly increased ECs migration and decreased the SMCs one. Finally, heparin significantly increased the hemocompatibility of the collagen gels. In conclusion, the PTN-heparin-modified collagen here proposed can represent an added value for vascular medicine, able to ameliorate the biological performance, and integration of vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Copes
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Loy
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Daniele Pezzoli
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Pleiotrophin: Analysis of the endothelialisation potential. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:144-151. [PMID: 30660899 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelialisation of vascular substitutes, in fact, remains one of the most unsolved problems in cardiovascular diseases treatment. Stromal Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) has been largely investigated as an endothelialisation promoter and Pleiotrophin is a promising alternative. Although it has been known to exert beneficial effects on different cell types, its potential as an inducer of proliferation and migration of endothelial cells was not investigated. Therefore, this work is aimed to compare the effects of Pleiotrophin on proliferation and migration of endothelial cells with respect to SDF-1. MATERIALS/METHODS Endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was treated with Pleiotrophin (50 ng/ml) or SDF-1 (50 ng/ml). Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and migration assays were performed in Transwell chambers. Wound healing potential was evaluated by scratch wound assay. CXCR4, RPTP β/ζ, PCNA and Rac1 expression was detected by Western Blot. RESULTS Interestingly, Pleiotrophin significantly increased the viability of the treated endothelial cells with respects to SDF-1. The migratory ability of the endothelial cells was also improved in the presence of Pleiotrophin with reference to the SDF-1 treatment. Moreover, Western Blot analysis showed how the treatment with Pleiotrophin can induce an increase in the expression of RPTP β/ζ, PCNA and Rac1 compared to SDF-1. CONCLUSION Due to the significant effects exerted on viability, migration and repair ability of endothelial cells compared to SDF-1, Pleiotrophin can be considered as an interesting molecule to promote re-endothelialisation.
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Zhao G, Seng J, Beagle J, Syrkina O, Hales CA. Heparin reduces overcirculation-induced pulmonary artery remodeling through p38 MAPK in piglet. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1677-84. [PMID: 25818573 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artery remodeling is the principal change of pulmonary artery hypertension. Heparin has been shown to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. We hypothesized that heparin may modulate vascular remodeling in pulmonary artery hypertension, and explored the mechanism. METHODS A localized overcirculation-induced artery remodeling was created in piglets by anastomosing the left lower lobe pulmonary artery (LLLPA) to the thoracic aortic artery. Piglets were treated with heparin or saline for 4 weeks. Hemodynamic data were collected, and histology of the lung was assessed. We investigated the expressions of several candidate genes in lung and further observed the involvement of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). The effects of heparin on the growth of cultured pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cell and P38 MAPK expression were further determined under various conditions. RESULTS Four weeks after the shunt setup, overcirculation caused significant LLLPA remodeling, pressure increase, and pulmonary vascular resistance increase, and LLLPA flow reduction compared with that immediately after the shunt setup. Heparin reduced the LLLPA remodeling, pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance, and increased the LLLPA flow compared with that not heparin treated. Shunt and heparin treatment did not change the piglet's systemic hemodynamics. Shunt increased the expression of P38 MAPK and heparin decreased its expression in the shunted LLLPA. Both heparin and P38 MAPK inhibitor suppressed VSMC growth and P38 MAPK expression in the cultured VSMC, but they did not present additive effects when the two treatments were combined. CONCLUSIONS Heparin reduces overcirculation-induced pulmonary artery remodeling through a P38 MAPK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Seng
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Beagle
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga Syrkina
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles A Hales
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Angiogenic endothelial cell invasion into fibrin is stimulated by proliferating smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2013; 90:40-7. [PMID: 23886898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
These studies aimed to determine the effect of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on angiogenic behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) within fibrin hydrogels, an extracellular matrix (ECM) commonly used in tissue engineering. We developed a 3-D, fibrin-based co-culture assay of angiogenesis consisting of aggregates of SMCs with ECs seeded onto the aggregates' surface. Using digital fluorescence micrography, EC matrix invasion was quantified by average length of sprouts (ALS) and density of sprout formation (DSF). We demonstrated that ECs and SMCs co-invade into the ECM in close proximity to one another. ECs that were co-cultured with SMCs demonstrated increased invasion compared to ECs that were cultured alone at all time points. At Day 19, the ALS of ECs in co-culture was 327+/-58μm versus 70+/-11μm of ECs cultured alone (p=.01). The DSF of co-cultured ECs was also significantly greater than that of ECs cultured alone (p=.007 on Day 19). This appeared to be a function of both increased EC invasion as well as improved persistence of EC sprout networks. At 7days, ECs in co-culture with proliferation-inhibited SMCs previously treated with Mitomycin-C (MMC) demonstrated significantly attenuated sprouting compared to ECs co-cultured with SMCs that were untreated with MMC (82+/-14μm versus 205+/-32μm; p<.05). In assays in which multiple co-culture aggregates were cultured within a single hydrogel, we observed directional invasion of sprouts preferentially towards the other aggregates within the hydrogel. In co-culture assays without early EC/SMC contact, the ALS of ECs cultured in the presence of SMCs was significantly greater than those cultured in the absence of SMCs by Day 3 (320+/-21μm versus 187+/-16μm; p<.005). We conclude that SMCs augment EC matrix invasion into 3-D fibrin hydrogels, at least in part resulting from SMC proliferative and invasive activities. Directed invasion between co-culture aggregates and augmented angiogenesis in the absence of early contact suggests a paracrine mechanism for the observed results.
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Khanna O, Moya ML, Opara EC, Brey EM. Synthesis of multilayered alginate microcapsules for the sustained release of fibroblast growth factor-1. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 95:632-40. [PMID: 20725969 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alginate microcapsules coated with a permselective poly-L-ornithine (PLO) membrane have been investigated for the encapsulation and transplantation of islets as a treatment for type 1 diabetes. The therapeutic potential of this approach could be improved through local stimulation of microvascular networks to meet mass transport demands of the encapsulated cells. Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) is a potent angiogenic factor with optimal effect occurring when it is delivered in a sustained manner. In this article, a technique is described for the generation of multilayered alginate microcapsules with an outer alginate layer that can be used for the delivery of FGF-1. The influence of alginate concentration and composition (high mannuronic acid (M) or guluronic acid (G) content) on outer layer size and stability, protein encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics was investigated. The technique results in a stable outer layer of alginate with a mean thickness between 113 and 164 μm, increasing with alginate concentration and G-content. The outer layer was able to encapsulate and release FGF-1 for up to 30 days, with 1.25% of high G alginate displaying the most sustained release. The released FGF-1 retained its biologic activity in the presence of heparin, and the addition of the outer layer did not alter the permselectivity of the PLO coat. This technique could be used to generate encapsulation systems that deliver proteins to stimulate local neovascularization around encapsulated islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omaditya Khanna
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Brewster LP, Ucuzian AA, Brey EM, Liwanag M, Samarel AM, Greisler HP. FRNK overexpression limits the depth and frequency of vascular smooth muscle cell invasion in a three-dimensional fibrin matrix. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:562-8. [PMID: 20506497 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pathological vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behavior after vascular interventions such as angioplasty or bypass is initiated within the 3D environment of the vessel media. Here VSMCs proliferate, invade the surrounding matrix, migrate adluminally, and deposit substantial amounts of matrix, leading to myointimal hyperplasia and decreased blood flow to critical organs and tissue. Since focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediates many of the VSMC responses to these pathologic events, it provides a reasonable pharmacologic target to limit this invasive VSMC behavior and to better understand the cellular pathophysiology of this disease. Here we quantified the effectiveness of disabling FAK in VSMCs with its dominant-negative inhibitor, FAK-related nonkinase (FRNK), in a clinically relevant 3D assay. We found that FRNK overexpression decreased VSMC invasion (both the length and frequency) in this matrix. These effects were demonstrated in the presence and absence of chemical mitotic inhibition, suggesting that FAK's effect on cellular matrix invasion, migration, and proliferation utilize separate and/or redundant signaling cascades. Mechanistically, FAK inhibition decreased its localization to focal adhesions which led to a significant decrease in FAK autophosphorylation and the phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase, AKT. Together these findings suggest that disruption of FAK signaling may provide a pharmaceutical tool that limits pathological VSMC cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Ucuzian AA, Brewster LP, East AT, Pang Y, Gassman AA, Greisler HP. Characterization of the chemotactic and mitogenic response of SMCs to PDGF-BB and FGF-2 in fibrin hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:988-96. [PMID: 20730936 PMCID: PMC2928161 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of growth factors to cellularize biocompatible scaffolds like fibrin is a commonly used strategy in tissue engineering. We characterized smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation and chemotaxis in response to PDGF-BB and FGF-2, alone and in combination, in 2D culture and in 3D fibrin hydrogels. While both growth factors induced an equipotent mitogenic response in 2D culture, only FGF-2 was significantly mitogenic for SMCs in 3D culture. Only PDGF-BB was significantly chemotactic in a modified Boyden chamber assay. In a 3D assay of matrix invasion, both growth factors induced an invasive response into the fibrin hydrogel in both proliferating and nonproliferating, mitomycin C (MMC) treated cells. The invasive response was less attenuated by the inhibition of proliferation in PDGF-BB stimulated cells compared with FGF-2 stimulated cells. We conclude that SMCs cultured in fibrin hydrogels have a more robust chemotactic response to PDGF-BB compared with FGF-2, and that the response to FGF-2 is more dependent on cell proliferation. Delivery of both growth factors together potentiates the chemotactic, but not mitogenic response to either growth factor alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areck A. Ucuzian
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Luke P. Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Andrea T. East
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yongang Pang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Andrew A. Gassman
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Howard P. Greisler
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Research and Surgical Services, Edward J. Hines Jr. V.A. Hospital, Hines, IL
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Pang Y, Wang X, Ucuzian AA, Brey EM, Burgess WH, Jones KJ, Alexander TD, Greisler HP. Local delivery of a collagen-binding FGF-1 chimera to smooth muscle cells in collagen scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2009; 31:878-85. [PMID: 19853908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the delivery of R136K-CBD (a collagen-binding mutant chimera of fibroblast growth factor-1) with a type I collagen scaffold as the delivery vehicle to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for vascular tissue engineering. The binding affinity of R136K-CBD to 3-D collagen scaffolds was investigated both in the presence and absence of cells and/or salts. 2-D and 3-D visualization of delivery of R136K-CBD into SMCs were accomplished by combined fluorescent and reflection confocal microscopy. The mitogenic effect of collagen-immobilized R136K-CBD on SMCs in 3-D collagen was studied by Cyquant assay at different time intervals. In the group devoid of salt and cells, no detectable release of R136K-CBD into overlying culture media was found, compared with burst-and-continuous release of R136K and FGF-1 over a 14-day period in all other groups. The release rate of R136K-CBD was 1.7 and 1.6-fold less than R-136K and FGF-1 when media was supplemented with 2m salt (P<0.0001), and 2.6 and 2.5-fold less in cell-populated collagen hydrogels (P<0.0001), respectively. R136K-CBD showed essentially uniform binding to collagen and its distribution was dependent on that of the collagen scaffold. Internalization of R136K-CBD into SMCs was documented by confocal microscopy. 3-D local delivery of collagen-immobilized R136K-CBD increased the proliferation of SMCs in the collagen matrix to significantly greater levels and for a significantly greater duration than R136K or FGF-1, with 2.0 and 2.1-fold more mitogenicity than R136K and FGF-1 respectively (P<0.0001) at day 7. The results suggest that our collagen-binding fusion protein is an effective strategy for growth factor delivery for vascular tissue engineering.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biocompatible Materials/chemistry
- Biomimetic Materials/chemistry
- Blood Vessels/growth & development
- Cell Culture Techniques/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/chemistry
- Crystallization/methods
- Dogs
- Drug Carriers/chemistry
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/administration & dosage
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/chemistry
- Materials Testing
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Particle Size
- Surface Properties
- Tissue Engineering/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Pang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Van Lonkhuyzen DR, Hollier BG, Shooter GK, Leavesley DI, Upton Z. Chimeric vitronectin:insulin-like growth factor proteins enhance cell growth and migration through co-activation of receptors. Growth Factors 2007; 25:295-308. [PMID: 18236208 DOI: 10.1080/08977190701803752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Complexes comprised of IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins and the ECM protein vitronectin (VN) stimulate cell migration and growth and can replace the requirement for serum for the ex vivo expansion of cells, as well as promote wound healing in vivo. Moreover, the activity of the complexes is dependent on co-activation of the IGF-I receptor and VN-binding integrins. In view of this we sought to develop chimeric proteins able to recapitulate the action of the multiprotein complex within a single molecular species. We report here the production of two recombinant chimeric proteins, incorporating domains of VN linked to IGF-I, which mimic the functions of the complex. Further, the activity of the chimeric proteins is dependent on co-activation of the IGF-I- and VN-binding cell surface receptors. Clearly the use of chimeras that mimic the activity of growth factor:ECM complexes, such as these, offer manufacturing advantages that ultimately will facilitate translation to cost-effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Van Lonkhuyzen
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
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Brewster LP, Bufallino D, Ucuzian A, Greisler HP. Growing a living blood vessel: insights for the second hundred years. Biomaterials 2007; 28:5028-32. [PMID: 17706765 PMCID: PMC2048989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide, and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Not surprisingly this has led to an increasing number of vascular procedures annually. Unfortunately, the success of these procedures over time continues to limit their long-term effects. Biomedical engineering approaches to improve upon current prosthetic grafts, developing new prosthetic grafts, and creating tissue engineered blood vessels for clinical application offer hope of improving the durability of vascular interventions and improving patients' treatment for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke P Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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11
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Brewster L, Brey EM, Addis M, Xue L, Husak V, Ellinger J, Haudenschild CC, Greisler HP. Improving endothelial healing with novel chimeric mitogens. Am J Surg 2006; 192:589-93. [PMID: 17071189 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric proteins may be used to direct cell-specific activity. Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HBGAM) binds to cell receptors that are relatively more robust on endothelial cells, and it may confer endothelial cell selectivity to potent angiogens such as fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1). METHODS By ligating fibroblast growth factor or its potent mutant, S130K, to HBGAM, we tested their effect on re-endothelialization after angioplasty injury by using a canine model. RESULTS Both HBGAM/S130K- and HBGAM/FGF-1-treated arteries had increased neointimal mitotic index and re-endothelialization rates at 30 days compared with control arteries without inducing a significant increase in the neointimal thickness or the ratio of neointimal to medial thickness between treatment and control groups. CONCLUSION HBGAM/S130K and HBGAM/FGF-1 facilitates endothelial healing without myointimal thickening after canine carotid artery balloon angioplasty injury. Application of these growth factors in fibrin glue may improve endothelialization clinically after angioplasty or endarterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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12
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Uriel S, Brey EM, Greisler HP. Sustained low levels of fibroblast growth factor-1 promote persistent microvascular network formation. Am J Surg 2006; 192:604-9. [PMID: 17071192 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic neovascularization using high growth factor concentrations may lead to transient vessel formation and abnormal microvascular structure. The goal of this study was to quantify temporal and concentration effects of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) on the persistence and morphology of microvascular networks. METHODS Endothelial cells were incubated in suspension culture forming aggregates that were embedded in fibrin glue (FG) and stimulated with varying concentrations of FGF-1 with of heparin. Capillary networks formed were quantified for 21 days. RESULTS High FGF-1 concentrations resulted in rapid and intense sprout formation, with excessive branching. At later times, these vessels regressed, with cellular debris in former vessel locations. At later times, the 1-ng/mL group surpassed the high concentration groups with continuous sprout growth and complete FG vascularization by 23 days. CONCLUSION Sustained low levels of FGF-1 maintained a persistent microvascular network response, whereas higher levels resulted in abnormal phenotype followed by vessel regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Uriel
- Pritzker Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Brewster L, Brey E, Greisler H. Cardiovascular gene delivery: The good road is awaiting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006; 58:604-29. [PMID: 16769148 PMCID: PMC3337725 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite recent improvements in medical, operative, and endovascular treatments, the number of interventions performed annually continues to increase. Unfortunately, the durability of these interventions is limited acutely by thrombotic complications and later by myointimal hyperplasia followed by progression of atherosclerotic disease over time. Despite improving medical management of patients with atherosclerotic disease, these complications appear to be persisting. Cardiovascular gene therapy has the potential to make significant clinical inroads to limit these complications. This article will review the technical aspects of cardiovascular gene therapy; its application for promoting a functional endothelium, smooth muscle cell growth inhibition, therapeutic angiogenesis, tissue engineered vascular conduits, and discuss the current status of various applicable clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.P. Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - E.M. Brey
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
- Research and Surgical Services, Edward J. Hines Jr. V.A. Hospital, Hines, IL, 60141, USA
| | - H.P. Greisler
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Research and Surgical Services, Edward J. Hines Jr. V.A. Hospital, Hines, IL, 60141, USA
- Corresponding author. Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. Tel.: +1 708 216 8541; fax: +1 708 216 6300. (H.P. Greisler)
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