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E S, Srikanth MS, Shreyas A, Desai S, Mehdi S, Gangadharappa HV, Suman, Krishna KL. Recent advances, novel targets and treatments for cholelithiasis; a narrative review. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174376. [PMID: 34303667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholelithiasis is a common and frequent condition all over the world with a high prevalence rate in western countries. Individuals with cholesterol gallstone disease experience intense gastrointestinal symptoms and have a high risk of developing comorbidities like cholecystitis, Gall bladder (GB) cancer and pancreatitis. Multiple risk factors associated with cholesterol gallstones include but not limited to genetics, dietary habits, lifestyle changes, comorbid conditions and various drugs. These factors may lead to alteration in bile, cholesterol & phospholipids homeostasis in the GB, intestine and hepatocytes culminating in cholesterol gallstones formation. Surgical (cholecystectomy) and non-surgical (oral dissolution therapy) treatments are available for the disease, albeit with certain complications and high treatment cost. Thus, there is a need for interventions, complementary or alternative therapies for the treatment and prevention of cholesterol gallstones. Currently available drug therapies used for cholesterol gallstones include statins and ezetimibe. Many patients consider traditional herbal practitioners due to their promise of non-invasive and pain free management of gall stones. This present a positive shift towards generally acceptable safety and cost effectiveness of herbal treatment warranting extensive research for alternative or complementary choice such as herbal plants as an emerging area for their potential therapeutic effects. This review discusses current strategies, latest trends available in the disease pathogenesis, drug development for novel targets, risk management, newer anti-lithogenic drugs and herbal plants that target the different aspects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarne E
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Srikanth
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ayachit Shreyas
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Mehdi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Suman
- Department of Dravya Guna, Government Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, New Sayyaji Rao Road, Mysuru, 570 001, India
| | - K L Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India.
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Uspenskiy YP, Fominykh YA, Nadzhafova KN, Vovk AV, Koshcheev AV. [Pathogenetic aspects of the development of cholelithiasis in patients with metabolic syndrome]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:209-214. [PMID: 36286639 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.02.200616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays there is a steady tendency to increase the number of patients with gallstone disease and metabolic syndrome. Increasingly, gallstone disease is called a non-canonical cluster of metabolic syndrome, because the main components of metabolic syndrome are also modifiable risk factors for gallstone disease. This article discusses the pathogenetic parallels in the development of gallstone disease and metabolic syndrome - insulin resistance and hormones of adipose tissue, lipid metabolism disorders, immune factors and the cytokine system. There are described possible effects of cholecystectomy on metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Uspenskiy
- Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
| | - Y A Fominykh
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
| | | | - A V Vovk
- Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University
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Park JW, Kim OH, Lee SC, Kim KH, Hong HE, Seo H, Choi HJ, Kim SJ. Serum level of visfatin can reflect the severity of inflammation in patients with acute cholecystitis. Ann Surg Treat Res 2020; 99:26-36. [PMID: 32676479 PMCID: PMC7332317 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2020.99.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Visfatin is a key cytokine released from the pe ripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as adipose tissue, and it is involved in immune response as well as inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether the serum visfatin level could be a prognostic factor for predicting the severity of inflammation in patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods We examined the blood samples and gallbladder specimens from patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for either acute (n = 18) or chronic cholecystitis (n = 18). We determined the visfatin levels of these samples using various procedures such as real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results The patients with acute cholecystitis exhibited higher mRNA expression of visfatin in PBMCs, higher serum levels of visfatin, and increased protein expression of visfatin in the gallbladder specimens than in patients with chronic cholecystitis. In the in vitro model of acute cholecystitis, the mRNA expression of visfatin showed the fastest increase among the other pro-inflammatory mediators studied, including interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, and ascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Inhibition of visfatin using siRNA abrogated the inhibitory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of ABCG1 in GBECs, suggesting that visfatin is significantly involved in the LPS-driven suppression of ABCG1. Conclusion Taken together, we concluded that visfatin is a pro-inflammatory mediators that is upregulated during acute cholecystitis and is expected to be increased within a short time after inflammation. Therefore, measuring the serum level of visfatin would be helpful in predicting the inflammatory severity in the patients with acute cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeyeon Seo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Ghaffari MA, Mousavinejad E, Riahi F, Mousavinejad M, Afsharmanesh MR. Increased Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Resistin, and Visfatin in the Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case-Control Study. Neurol Res Int 2016; 2016:9060751. [PMID: 28018676 PMCID: PMC5149679 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex disorders where the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Several proinflammatory and immunoinflammatory disturbances have been observed in the etiology of ASD. There is, however, limited knowledge on variations of adipokines in ASD. The present study aimed to analyze the serum levels of resistin, visfatin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in children with ASD in relation to body weight, gender, and ASD severity level. Method. In total, 30 children with ASD (mean age: 7.72 ± 2.65 y; range; 4-12 y) and 30 healthy children (mean age: 8.4 ± 2.66 y; range: 4-12 y), including males and females, were matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Serum samples were collected, and visfatin, resistin, and TNF-α serum levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Result. Serum visfatin, resistin, and TNF-α levels in children with ASD were significantly higher than that in the healthy patients (p < 0.05). Two significant correlations were found: a correlation between resistin and visfatin with TNF-α in children with ASD (R = 0.8 and R = 0.62, resp.) and a correlation between resistin and visfatin in children with ASD (R = 0.66). Conclusion. Higher TNF-α, resistin, and visfatin levels were found in children with ASD in comparison with controls, suggesting that elevated levels of serum proinflammatory agents may be implicated in the pathophysiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Mousavinejad
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Forough Riahi
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mousavinejad
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology (CSCB), Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mohammad Reza Afsharmanesh
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wu X, Liang X, DU Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Gong W, Liu B, Dong J, Zhang N, Zhang H. Prevention of gallstones by Lidan Granule: Insight into underlying mechanisms using a guinea pig model. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:50-56. [PMID: 27347405 PMCID: PMC4906940 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the mechanism of action of Lidan Granule (LDG) for the prevention of gallstones using a guinea pig model. One hundred guinea pigs were divided into five groups randomly: control (standard diet and saline), model [lithogenic diet (LD) and saline], LDG-H (LD and 2 g/kg of LDG), LDG-L (LD and 1 g/kg of LDG), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (LD and UDCA) as the positive control. At 6 weeks, the rate of gallstone formation and weight of the adrenal gland were recorded and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. Levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the hypophysis, and serum cortisol were determined. Bile components were tested with colorimetry. At 6 weeks, the rate of gallstone formation was significantly decreased in the LDG-H (14.29%) and LDG-L (21.43%) groups compared to the model group (81.25%; P<0.01). LDG treatment decreased the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (P<0.01). LDG decreased bile cholesterol and increased bile acid and phospholipid levels in the bile (P<0.01). LDG treatment recovered the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by increasing the expression of CRH (P<0.01) and ACTH (P<0.05). LDG made the bile less lithogenic, improved the function of the HPA axis, and regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines for the prevention of cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yijie DU
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- General Surgery, Dong'e People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252200, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yang
- General Surgery, Dong'e People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252200, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ningxia Zhang
- Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China; Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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A short review of adipokines, smooth muscle and uterine contractility. Life Sci 2015; 125:2-8. [PMID: 25711427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in both developed and developing countries. In the UK, for example, 60% of adults are overweight and 25% are obese. Obesity is associated with many pathological complications including respiratory, cardiovascular and endocrine, but it also affects fertility and is associated with many reproductive complications. This has led us and others to investigate links between women with high BMI, pregnancy outcome and uterine function. These studies in turn have led investigators to ask how obesity can have such an impact on reproduction and, as part of this, to consider the role of the adipokines released from adipose tissues. Our focus in this short review is on adipokines and myometrial activity, and for completeness we overview their effects on other smooth muscles. To date four adipokines (leptin, visfatin, apelin and ghrelin) have been investigated and all affect myometrial contractility, but some more potently than others. We consider the possible mechanisms involved in how adipokines may modify uterine contractility, and discuss the potential impact on labor and delivery.
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Özcan E, Saygun NI, Serdar MA, Kurt N. Evaluation of the salivary levels of visfatin, chemerin, and progranulin in periodontal inflammation. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:921-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Teplan V, Senolt L, Hulejova H, Teplan V, Stollova M, Gurlich R. Early changes in serum visfatin after abdominal surgery: a new pro-inflammatory marker in diagnosis? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 159:489-96. [PMID: 24622039 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2014.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visfatin is an adipocytokine produced primarily by visceral adipose tissue. In addition to its effect on the insulin receptor, it is a proinflammmatory cytokine with accumulating evidence for its rise in circulation, accompanying systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in serum visfatin levels in the early post-abdominal surgery period with serum levels of other proinflammatory cytokines, to determine whether it could be used as a marker of inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 42 patients undergoing elective laparotomic right hemicolectomy for adenocarcinoma colon. The parameters determined were visfatin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF α, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels. The dynamics of change in these markers were assessed at +12, +24, +48, and +72 h after surgery. Serum levels of visfatin peaked as early as 24 h post-surgery, returning to normal after 72 h. TNF α and IL-6 levels reached their maximum 12 to 24 h later while CRP levels peaked after 72 h. CONCLUSIONS Significantly increased serum levels of visfatin detected in the early period after abdominal surgery preceded increase in the levels of other proinflammatory markers including TNF α, IL-6, and CRP. Given its dynamics, visfatin could serve as an early predictor of the development of inflammatory changes in patients undergoing surgery, particularly those with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Teplan
- Department of Surgery, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Senolt
- Institute of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague
| | - Hana Hulejova
- Institute of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague
| | - Vladimir Teplan
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague
| | - Milena Stollova
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague
| | - Robert Gurlich
- Department of Surgery, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Visfatin and gallstone disease. Am J Surg 2012; 203:410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Suo T, Peng P, Feng M, Liu H, Ai Z, Tong S, Yang X, Qin X. Fixed-point and stratified analysis of the fine structure and composition of five gallstones with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) specular reflection spectroscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:294-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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