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Cardiovascular Effects Mediated by HMMR and CD44. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:4977209. [PMID: 34335086 PMCID: PMC8286199 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4977209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The most dangerous life-threatening symptoms of CVD are myocardial infarction and stroke. The causes of CVD are not entirely clear, and new therapeutic targets are still being sought. One of the factors involved in CVD development among vascular damage and oxidative stress is chronic inflammation. It is known that hyaluronic acid plays an important role in inflammation and is regulated by numerous stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines. The main receptors for hyaluronic acid are CD44 and RHAMM. These receptors are membrane proteins that differ in structure, but it seems that they can perform similar or synergistic functions in many diseases. Both RHAMM and CD44 are involved in cell migration and wound healing. However, their close association with CVD is not fully understood. In this review, we describe the role of both receptors in CVD.
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Khosravi M, Kakavandi N, Rezaee S, Shabani M, Najafi M. A Peptide Construct Mediates Focal Adhesion Pathway Through the Activation of Integrin Receptor. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1749-1755. [PMID: 32160840 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200311125325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrin family receptors stimulate the cellular proliferation and migration through the focal adhesion pathway by the activation of PTK2, VASP and TSP1 proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the integrin-ligated motifs through the activation of focal adhesion pathway. METHODS A chimeric peptide was predicted from the integrin-mediated ligands by bioinformatics tools. The VSMCs were treated with the chimeric peptide and simvastatin. The PTK2, VASP and TSP1 protein and gene expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR and Western Blotting techniques, respectively. AutoDock Tools were used for the docking technique. RESULTS The PTK2, VASP and TSP1 protein expression levels increased significantly in the VSMCs treated with chimeric peptide in conversely with the effects of simvastatin. The docking results suggested two motifs in the chimeric peptide. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the chimeric peptide activated the focal adhesion pathway. The motifs 1 and 2 may be directly involved in the transduction of signal by integrin family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Medicine Biochemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Naser Kakavandi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rezaee
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kassem MM, Helkin A, Maier KG, Gahtan V. Thrombospondins Differentially Regulate Proteins Involved in Arterial Remodeling. Physiol Res 2019; 68:893-900. [PMID: 31647293 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are matricellular glycoproteins expressed in response to vascular injury. TSP-1 and TSP-2 are promotors of arterial remodeling while TSP-5 is believed to be protective. The current study assessed the differential effect of TSPs on protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We hypothesized that TSP-1, TSP-2 and TSP-5 would regulate VSMC proteins involved in arterial remodeling. Human VSMCs were exposed to TSP-1, -2, -5 or serum free media (24 hours). Cell lysates were used to assess the targets TSP-1, TSP-2, TSP-5 and CD44), while the culture media was used to detect TGF-ß1, PDGF-BB, ANGPTL-4 and IL-8. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test and p< 0.05 was considered significant. All TSPs increased their own expression and TSP-5 increased TSP-2. TSP-1 and TSP-2 increased production of ANGPTL-4 and PDGF-BB, while TSP-5 only increased ANGPTL-4. TSP-1 increased exclusively TGF-ß1 and CD44 production. TSP-2 increased TSP-1 expression. All TSPs decreased IL-8. The findings suggest that TSP-1 and TSP-2 may promote vascular remodeling, in part, by increasing ANGPTL-4, PDGF-BB and their own expression. TSP-5 did not upregulate the inflammatory mediators TSP-1, PDGF-BB or TGF-ß1, but upregulated its own expression, which could be a protective mechanism against the response to vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kassem
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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4
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Ahn MY, Ham SA, Yoo T, Lee WJ, Hwang JS, Paek KS, Lim DS, Han SG, Lee CH, Seo HG. Ligand-Activated Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Attenuates Vascular Oxidative Stress by Inhibiting Thrombospondin-1 Expression. J Vasc Res 2018; 55:75-86. [PMID: 29408825 DOI: 10.1159/000486570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is implicated in vascular diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as abdominal aortic aneurysms, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and atherosclerosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying TSP-1 expression are not fully elucidated. In this study, we found that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) inhibited oxidative stress-induced TSP-1 expression and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Activation of PPARδ by GW501516, a specific ligand for PPARδ, significantly attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced expression of TSP-1 in VSMCs. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PPARδ and treatment with GSK0660, a selective PPARδ antagonist, reversed the effect of GW501516 on H2O2-induced expression of TSP-1, suggesting that PPARδ is associated with GW501516 activity. Furthermore, JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), but not p38 and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), mediated PPARδ-dependent inhibition of TSP-1 expression in VSMCs exposed to H2O2. GW501516- activated PPARδ also reduced the H2O2-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, concomitant with inhibition of VSMC migration. In particular, TSP-1 contributed to the action of PPARδ in the regulation of H2O2-induced interleukin-1β expression. These results suggest that PPARδ-modulated downregulation of TSP-1 is associated with reduced cellular oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting H2O2-induced pheno-typic changes in vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Ahn
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Ham
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesik Yoo
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Shin Paek
- Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jechon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Thrombospondin-1 differentially regulates microRNAs in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 412:111-7. [PMID: 26728995 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an important regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) physiology and gene expression. MicroRNAs (microRNA), small molecules that regulate protein translation, have emerged as potent regulators of cell function. MicroRNAs have been shown to be involved in intimal hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, and upregulated in the vasculature in diabetes. The purpose of this study was to identify microRNAs regulated by TSP-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Human VSMCs were treated for 6 h with basal media or TSP-1 both supplemented with 0.2% FBS. Cells were then snap frozen and RNA extracted. An Affymetrix GeneChip microRNA array analysis was performed in triplicate on three separate collections. Confirmatory qrtPCR was performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or t test, with significance set at p < 0.05. MicroRNAs identified were subjected to KEGG pathway analysis using the DIANA tools miRPath online tool. TSP-1 upregulated 22 microRNAs and downregulated 18 microRNAs in VSMCs (p < 0.05). The most upregulated microRNA was miR-512-3p (45.12 fold). The microRNA most downregulated by TSP-1 was miR-25-5p, which was decreased by 9.61. Of note, five members of the mir-17-92 cluster were downregulated. KEGG analysis revealed that thirty-three cellular signaling pathways were impacted by these microRNAs and that nine pathways were relevant to vascular disease. MicroRNAs regulate protein expression at the level of translation and may represent a significant mechanism by which TSP-1 regulates VSMC function. Several of the microRNAs identified have a role in vascular function. The miR-17-92 cluster family, which was found to exhibit reduced expression in this study, is known to be involved in angiogenesis and vascular function. TSP-1 regulates multiple microRNAs in VSMCs adding a new layer of complexity to TSP-1 regulation of VSMC function.
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Skowron W, Zemanek K, Wojdan K, Gorzelak P, Borowiec M, Broncel M, Chalubinski M. The effect of interleukin-35 on the integrity, ICAM-1 expression and apoptosis of human aortic smooth muscle cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Seymour K, Stein J, Han X, Maier KG, Gahtan V. Statins and nitric oxide donors affect thrombospondin 1-induced chemotaxis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2014; 48:470-5. [PMID: 25361959 DOI: 10.1177/1538574414554718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and intimal hyperplasia. Statins and nitric oxide (NO) donors decrease intimal hyperplasia. We previously showed that statins (long-term exposure) and NO donors inhibit TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis. HYPOTHESES (1) Pretreatment with short-term statin will inhibit TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis and (2) NO donors will enhance statin inhibition of TSP-1-induced or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC chemotaxis. METHODS We examined these treatment effects on TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis: (1) long-term (20 hours) versus short-term (20 minutes) pravastatin, (2) diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA/NO) or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in combination with pravastatin, and (3) comparison of TSP-1 to PDGF as a chemoattractant. RESULTS Pravastatin (long term or short term) inhibited TSP-1-induced chemotaxis. Diethylenetriamine NONOate and SNAP impeded statin inhibition of TSP-1-induced chemotaxis. Platelet-derived growth factor and TSP-1 had opposite effects on DETA/NO-pravastatin treatment. CONCLUSION Short-term statin pretreatment inhibited TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis, suggesting a pleiotropic effect. High-dose NO reversed statin inhibition of TSP-1-induced chemotaxis, suggesting NO and statin combination therapies warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Seymour
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stein
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Xuan Han
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher G Maier
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Stein JJ, Iwuchukwu C, Maier KG, Gahtan V. Thrombospondin-1−induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation are functionally dependent on microRNA-21. Surgery 2014; 155:228-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thrombospondin-1-induced smooth muscle cell chemotaxis and proliferation are dependent on transforming growth factor-β2 and hyaluronic acid synthase. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:181-6. [PMID: 24104451 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Angioplasty causes local vascular injury, leading to the release of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation, important steps in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) are two pro-stenotic genes upregulated in VSMCs by TSP-1. We hypothesized that inhibition of TGF-β2 or HAS would inhibit TSP-1-induced VSMC migration, proliferation, and TSP-1 signaling. Our data demonstrate that Inhibition of either TGF-β2 or HAS inhibited TSP-1-induced VSMC migration and proliferation. Activation of ERK 1 was decreased by TGF-β2 inhibition and unaffected by HAS inhibition. TGF-β2 and HAS are not implicated in TSP-1-induced thbs1 expression, while they are each implicated in TSP-1-induced expression of their own gene. In summary, TSP-1-induced VSMC migration and proliferation rely on intact TGF-β2 signaling and HAS function. TSP-1 activation of ERK 1 is dependent on TGF-β2. These data further expand our understanding of the complexity of TSP-1 cellular signaling and the involvement of TGF-β2 and HAS.
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Anitua E, Sanchez M, De la Fuente M, Zalduendo MM, Orive G. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret) stimulates tendon and synovial fibroblasts migration and improves the biological properties of hyaluronic acid. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:1657-65. [PMID: 21987365 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell migration plays an essential role in development, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret) technology offers a potential source of growth factors involved in tissue regeneration. Here, we evaluate the potential of PRGF-Endoret over tendon cells and synovial fibroblasts migration and study whether the combination of this autologous technology with hyaluronic acid (HA) improves the effect and potential of the biomaterials over the motility of both types of fibroblasts. METHODS Migration of primary tendon cells and synovial fibroblasts after culturing with either PRGF or PPGF (plasma poor in growth factors) at different doses was evaluated. Furthermore, the migratory capacity induced by the combination of PPGF and PRGF with HA was tested. RESULTS PPGF stimulated migration of both types of cells but this effect was significantly higher when PRGF was used. Tendon cells showed an increase of 212% in migratory ability when HA was combined with PPGF and of 335% in the case of HA + PRGF treatment compared with HA alone. CONCLUSIONS PRGF-Endoret stimulates migration of tendon cells and synovial fibroblasts and improves the biological properties of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Anitua
- Private Practice in Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation in Vitoria, Vitoria, Spain.
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11
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The Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Atherosclerosis and Intimal Hyperplasia. J Surg Res 2012; 173:e63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Roubelakis MG, Bitsika V, Zagoura D, Trohatou O, Pappa KI, Makridakis M, Antsaklis A, Vlahou A, Anagnou NP. In vitro and in vivo properties of distinct populations of amniotic fluid mesenchymal progenitor cells. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:1896-913. [PMID: 21166769 PMCID: PMC3918046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are considered to be of great promise for use in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. MPCs represent multipotent adherent cells, able to give rise to multiple mesenchymal lineages such as osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes. Recently, we identified and characterized human second trimester amniotic fluid (AF) as a novel source of MPCs. Herein, we found that early colonies of AF-MPCs consisted of two morphologically distinct adherent cell types, termed as spindle-shaped (SS) and round-shaped (RS). A detailed analysis of these two populations showed that SS-AF-MPCs expressed CD90 antigen in a higher level and exhibited a greater proliferation and differentiation potential. To characterize better the molecular identity of these two populations, we have generated a comparative proteomic map of SS-AF-MPCs and RS-AF-MPCs, identifying 25 differentially expressed proteins and 10 proteins uniquely expressed in RS-AF-MPCs. Furthermore, SS-AF-MPCs exhibited significantly higher migration ability on extracellular matrices, such as fibronectin and laminin in vitro, compared to RS-AF-MPCs and thus we further evaluated SS-AF-MPCs for potential use as therapeutic tools in vivo. Therefore, we tested whether GFP-lentiviral transduced SS-AF-MPCs retained their stem cell identity, proliferation and differentiation potential. GFP-SS-AF-MPCs were then successfully delivered into immunosuppressed mice, distributed in different tissues and survived longterm in vivo. In summary, these results demonstrated that AF-MPCs consisted of at least two different MPC populations. In addition, SS-AF-MPCs, isolated based on their colony morphology and CD90 expression, represented the only MPC population that can be expanded easily in culture and used as an efficient tool for future in vivo therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Roubelakis
- Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece.
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Seymour KA, Sadowitz B, Stein JJ, Lawler J, Maier KG, Gahtan V. Vascular smooth muscle cell migration induced by domains of thrombospondin-1 is differentially regulated. Am J Surg 2011; 202:553-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Trujillo G, Zhang J, Habiel DM, Ge L, Ramadass M, Ghebrehiwet B, Kew RR. Cofactor regulation of C5a chemotactic activity in physiological fluids. Requirement for the vitamin D binding protein, thrombospondin-1 and its receptors. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:495-503. [PMID: 22014686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Factors in physiological fluids that regulate the chemotactic activity of complement activation peptides C5a and C5a des Arg are not well understood. The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) has been shown to significantly enhance chemotaxis to C5a/C5a des Arg. More recently, platelet-derived thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has been shown to facilitate the augmentation of C5a-induced chemotaxis by DBP. The objective of this study was to better characterize these chemotactic cofactors and investigate the role that cell surface TSP-1 receptors CD36 and CD47 may play in this process. The chemotactic activity in C-activated normal serum, citrated plasma, DBP-depleted serum or C5 depleted serum was determined for both normal human neutrophils and U937 cell line transfected with the C5a receptor (U937-C5aR). In addition, levels of C5a des Arg, DBP and TSP-1 in these fluids were measured by RIA or ELISA. Results show that there is a clear hierarchy with C5a being the essential primary signal (DBP or TSP-1 will not function in the absence of C5a), DBP the necessary cofactor and TSP-1 a dependent tertiary factor, since it cannot function to enhance chemotaxis to C5a without DBP. Measurement of the C5a-induced intracellular calcium flux confirmed the same hierarchy observed with chemotaxis. Moreover, analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) demonstrated that C5a-dependent chemotactic activity is significantly decreased after anti-DBP treatment. Finally, results show that TSP-1 utilizes cell surface receptors CD36 and CD47 to augment chemotaxis, but DBP does not bind to TSP-1, CD36 or CD47. The results clearly demonstrate that C5a/C5a des Arg needs both DBP and TSP-1 for maximal chemotactic activity and suggest that the regulation of C5a chemotactic activity in physiological fluids is more complex than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Trujillo
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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15
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Zhao G, Shaik RS, Zhao H, Beagle J, Kuo S, Hales CA. Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin inhibits injury-induced femoral artery remodeling in mouse via upregulating CD44 expression. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53:1359-1367.e3. [PMID: 21276692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of postangioplasty restenosis remains poorly understood. Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which is the principal characteristic of restenosis. Studies have shown that LMW heparin could bind to CD44. We hypothesized that LMW heparin might modulate CD44 expression thereby decreasing vascular remodeling. METHODS Vascular remodeling was induced in CD44(+/+) and CD44(-/-) mice and treated with LMW heparin. The arteries were harvested for histologic assessment and determination of CD44 expression. Bone marrow transplantation was introduced to further explore the role and functional sites of CD44. Effects of LMW heparin on growth capacity, CD44 expression were further studied using the cultured mouse VSMCs. RESULTS Transluminal injury induced remarkable remodeling in mouse femoral artery (sham wall thickness percentage [WT%]: 3.4 ± 1.2% vs injury WT%: 31.8 ± 4.7%; P < .001). LMW heparin reduced the remodeling significantly (WT%: 17.8 ± 3.5%, P < .005). CD44(-/-) mice demonstrated considerably thicker arterial wall remodeling (WT%: 46.2 ± 7.6%, P = .0035), and CD44-chimeric mice exhibited equal contributions of the local and circulating CD44 signal to the neointima formation. LMW heparin markedly upregulated CD44 expression in the injured femoral arteries. In vitro, LMW heparin decreased mouse VSMC growth capacity and upregulated its CD44 expression simultaneously in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, which could be partially blocked by CD44 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS LMW heparin inhibits injury-induced femoral artery remodeling, at least partially, by upregulating CD44 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/immunology
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/pharmacology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Hyperplasia
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/immunology
- Tunica Intima/injuries
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular System Injuries/drug therapy
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/immunology
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Willis AI, Sadowitz B, Fuse S, Maier KG, Lee TS, Wang XJ, Tuszynski GP, Sumpio BE, Gahtan V. Thrombospondin 1, Fibronectin, and Vitronectin are Differentially Dependent Upon RAS, ERK1/2, and p38 for Induction of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Chemotaxis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2010; 45:55-62. [DOI: 10.1177/1538574410387677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), fibronectin (Fn), and vitronectin (Vn) promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) chemotaxis through a variety of second messenger systems, including Ras, ERK1/2, and p38. Hypothesis: Ras, ERK1/2, and p38 differentially affect TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Methods: Bovine VSMCs were transfected with Ras N17 or treated with the following inhibitors: a farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) inhibitor, PD098059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), or SB202190 (p38 inhibitor). Thrombospondin 1, Fn, and Vn were used as chemoattractants. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc testing (P < .05). Results: Ras N17 transfection or FPT inhibitor treatment inhibited TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced chemotaxis. PD098059 or SB202190 resulted in more inhibition of VSMC migration to TSP-1 than to Fn or Vn. Conclusions: Ras appears equally relevant in the signal transduction pathways of TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Thrombospondin 1-induced migration is more dependent upon ERK1/2 and p38 than Fn- or Vn-included migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alliric I. Willis
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Sadowitz
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shoichi Fuse
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristopher G. Maier
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tae S. Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Bauer E. Sumpio
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,
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17
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Ochoa CD, Yu L, Al-Ansari E, Hales CA, Quinn DA. Thrombospondin-1 null mice are resistant to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 5:32. [PMID: 20441584 PMCID: PMC2877040 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic hypoxia induces pulmonary hypertension in mice. Smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and medial thickening characterize the vasculature of these animals. Thrombospondin-1 null (TSP-1(-/-)) mice spontaneously develop pulmonary smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and medial thickening. In addition, TSP-1 produced by the pulmonary endothelium inhibits pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell growth. Based on these observations we sought to describe the pulmonary vascular changes in TSP-1(-/-) mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. METHODS We exposed TSP-1(-/-) and wild type (WT) mice to a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.1 for up to six weeks. Pulmonary vascular remodeling was evaluated using tissue morphometrics. Additionally, right ventricle systolic pressures (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy by right ventricle/left ventricle + septum ratios (RV/LV+S) were measured to evaluate pulmonary hypertensive changes. Finally, acute pulmonary vasoconstriction response in both TSP-1(-/-) and WT mice was evaluated by acute hypoxia and U-46619 (a prostaglandin F2 analog) response. RESULTS In hypoxia, TSP-1(-/-) mice had significantly lower RVSP, RV/LV+S ratios and less pulmonary vascular remodeling when compared to WT mice. TSP-1(-/-) mice also had significantly lower RVSP in response to acute pulmonary vasoconstriction challenges than their WT counterparts. CONCLUSION TSP-1(-/-) mice had diminished pulmonary vasoconstriction response and were less responsive to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension than their wild type counterparts. This observation suggests that TSP-1 could play an active role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiaan D Ochoa
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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