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Sasamori R, Sato Y, Nomura K, Wakita A, Nagaki Y, Kemuriyama K, Sasaki Y, Nozaki S, Takahashi T, Terata K, Imai K, Minamiya Y. Lipopolysaccharide induces CCL2 through TLR4 signaling and promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3497-3512. [PMID: 39113860 PMCID: PMC11301279 DOI: 10.62347/eike6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor oral health is an independent risk factor for upper-aerodigestive tract cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Our previous findings suggest that high expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, which recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from periodontal pathogens, correlates with a poor prognosis after esophagectomy for ESCC. We therefore hypothesized that LPS influences cancer cell proliferation and disease progression in ESCC. We used 8 ESCC cell lines to investigate how LPS affects ESCC cell proliferation and migration activity. We also assessed mRNA and protein expression to determine how LPS affects cytokine production and whether blocking TLR4 signaling attenuates that effect. We also used a mouse xenograft model to investigate whether LPS upregulates ESCC tumor progression in vivo. We then determined whether C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression in clinical samples correlates with 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in ESCC patients after esophagectomy. LPS significantly upregulated cell proliferation and migration in all ESCC lines. It also upregulated CCL2 production. In vivo, subcutaneous LPS administration significantly increased ESCC tumor volume in mice. In clinical samples, high CCL2 expression significantly correlated with 5-year OS and DSS. There was also a significant correlation between CCL2 and TLR4 expression status, suggesting the involvement of an LPS-TLR4-CCL2 cascade in clinical settings. LPS significantly upregulates cell proliferation and tumor progression through an LPS-TLR4-CCL2 cascade and influences prognosis after esophagectomy for ESCC. This suggests improving the oral environment has the potential to improve the prognosis of ESCC patients after esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Sasamori
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Wakita
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yushi Nagaki
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kohei Kemuriyama
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shu Nozaki
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kaori Terata
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Minamiya
- Department of Esophageal Surgery, Akita University HospitalAkita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineAkita 010-8543, Japan
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2
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Huang KCY, Chiang SF, Chang HY, Hong WZ, Chen JY, Lee PC, Liang JA, Ke TW, Peng SL, Shiau AC, Chen TW, Yang PC, Chen WTL, Chao KSC. Colorectal cancer-specific IFNβ delivery overcomes dysfunctional dsRNA-mediated type I interferon signaling to increase the abscopal effect of radiotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008515. [PMID: 38749537 PMCID: PMC11097864 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-intrinsic type I interferon (IFN-I) production triggered by radiotherapy (RT) is mainly dependent on cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-mediated cGAS/STING signaling and increases cancer immunogenicity and enhances the antitumor immune response to increase therapeutic efficacy. However, cGAS/STING deficiency in colorectal cancer (CRC) may suppress the RT-induced antitumor immunity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the importance of the dsRNA-mediated antitumor immune response induced by RT in patients with CRC. METHODS Cytosolic dsRNA level and its sensors were evaluated via cell-based assays (co-culture assay, confocal microscopy, pharmacological inhibition and immunofluorescent staining) and in vivo experiments. Biopsies and surgical tissues from patients with CRC who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) were collected for multiplex cytokine assays, immunohistochemical analysis and SNP genotyping. We also generated a cancer-specific adenovirus-associated virus (AAV)-IFNβ1 construct to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in combination with RT, and the immune profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry and RNA-seq. RESULTS Our studies revealed that RT stimulates the autonomous release of dsRNA from cancer cells to activate TLR3-mediated IFN-I signatures to facilitate antitumor immune responses. Patients harboring a dysfunctional TLR3 variant had reduced serum levels of IFN-I-related cytokines and intratumoral CD8+ immune cells and shorter disease-free survival following neoCRT treatment. The engineered cancer-targeted construct AAV-IFNβ1 significantly improved the response to RT, leading to systematic eradication of distant tumors and prolonged survival in defective TLR3 preclinical models. CONCLUSION Our results support that increasing cancer-intrinsic IFNβ1 expression is an immunotherapeutic strategy that enhances the RT-induced antitumor immune response in locally patients with advanced CRC with dysfunctional TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Lab of Precision Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Proton Cancer, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ze Hong
- Proton Cancer, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Proton Cancer, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chih Lee
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Shiau
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Proton Cancer, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Yang
- Proton Cancer, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Proton Cancer, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Shinozuka T, Kanda M, Sato Y, Shimizu D, Tanaka C, Umeda S, Inokawa Y, Hattori N, Hayashi M, Nakayama G, Kodera Y. Increased STX3 transcript and protein levels were associated with poor prognosis in two independent cohorts of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22185-22195. [PMID: 38014487 PMCID: PMC10757105 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some conventional prognostic biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have the disadvantage that they have only been investigated at the level of either mRNA or protein levels or only in individual cohorts. Associations between Syntaxin 3 (STX3) expression and malignancy have been reported in several tumor types but not in ESCC. Here, we investigated the levels of both STX3 mRNA and protein, and its prognostic potential in two independent cohorts of patients with ESCC. METHODS STX3 mRNA levels were examined in surgical specimens by quantitative PCR in a cohort that included 176 ESCC patients. STX3 protein levels were investigated in surgically resected ESCC tissues by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays in a different cohort of 177 ESCC patients. Correlations were analyzed between the expression of STX3 mRNA and protein with clinicopathological factors and long-term prognosis. RESULTS Quantitative PCR indicated a significant association between high level of STX3 mRNA expression and lymph node involvement, pathological stage, and poor overall survival. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that high STX3 mRNA expression was independently associated with poor overall survival outcomes. Immunohistochemistry revealed that STX3 protein expression in ESCC tissues and high STX3 protein expression were also significantly correlated with unfavorable overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of STX3 mRNA and protein may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shinozuka
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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4
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Sato Y, Wakita A, Maeda E, Nagaki Y, Sasamori R, Kemuriyama K, Nozaki S, Ito S, Terata K, Imai K, Nanjo H, Nomura K, Minamiya Y. High TLR6 Expression Status Predicts a More Favorable Prognosis after Esophagectomy for Locally Advanced Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4724-4735. [PMID: 37232814 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most so-called "beneficial bacteria" in gut microbiota are Gram-positive, and TLR6 recognizes the peptidoglycan (PGN) present in their cell walls. We hypothesized that a high TLR6 expression status predicts a more favorable prognosis after esophagectomy. We used an ESCC tissue microarray (TMA) to examine TLR6 expression status in ESCC patients and to determine whether TLR6 expression status correlates with prognosis after curative esophagectomy. We also examined whether PGN influences the cell proliferation activity of ESCC lines. Clinical ESCC samples from 177 patients tested for the expression of TLR6 were categorized as 3+ (n = 17), 2+ (n = 48), 1+ (n = 68), or 0 (n = 44). High TLR6 expression (3+ and 2+) correlated with significantly more favorable 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) after esophagectomy than a lower TLR6 expression (1+ and 0). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TLR6 expression status is an independent prognostic factor that affects 5-year OS. PGN significantly inhibited the cell proliferation activity of ESCC lines. This is the first study to show that high TLR6 expression status predicts a more favorable prognosis in locally advanced thoracic ESCC patients after curative esophagectomy. PGN released from "beneficial bacteria" seems to have potential to inhibit the cell proliferation activity of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Wakita
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Eri Maeda
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yushi Nagaki
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasamori
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kohei Kemuriyama
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shu Nozaki
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kaori Terata
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjo
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Minamiya
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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5
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Su R, Cai L, Xiong P, Liu Z, Chen S, Liu X, Lin R, Lei Z, Tian D, Su M. TLR3 Expression is a Potential Prognosis Biomarker and Shapes the Immune-Active Tumor Microenvironment in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1437-1456. [PMID: 35250293 PMCID: PMC8896387 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s348786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) not only plays a crucial role in innate immune and inflammation but also in anti-cancer immunity. Nevertheless, the clinicopathological outcome of TLR3 in ESCC is still ambiguous. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate TLR3 expression and its impact on survival in 137 ESCC patients (including paired esophageal tissues with different stages of early lesions from 37 patients). Furthermore, we downloaded ESCC RNA-seq datasets (including phenotype and survival data) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The relationship between TLR3 and prognosis, biological landscape, and immune infiltration was assessed to verify the immunohistochemical results of our tissue samples, explore the possible mechanism of prognostic outcomes, and predict the sensitivity of immunotherapy. RESULTS TLR3 protein expression displayed an increasing trend in the progression through different grades of cellular atypia, from normal, esophageal simple hyperplasia (ESSH), intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) to ESCC (P < 0.0083). TLR3 protein had a positive association with inflammation level (Rho = 0.341, P < 0.001). TLR3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in comparison to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated high TLR3 protein and mRNA expression conferred good prognosis in our samples and TCGA, especially for advanced ESCC patients (TNM stage III and IV). Overexpression of TLR3 resulted in an immune-active microenvironment via the recruitment of immune-active cells including cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), CD8+ T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and M1-type macrophages. TLR3 expression was correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines relating to anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, GSEA analysis indicated upregulated expression of TLR3 could activate the apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSION High TLR3 expression in ESCC patients was associated with a more favorable prognosis, immune-active cell infiltration, and an activated apoptotic pathway. TLR3 has potential applications for immunotherapy and immune response prediction in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Su
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Xiong
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runhua Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijin Lei
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongping Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Bacterial Translocation in Gastrointestinal Cancers and Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020380. [PMID: 35203589 PMCID: PMC8962358 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that gut microbiota is associated with the onset and exacerbation of various diseases, such as gastrointestinal cancer. For instance, it is well known that local inflammation of the intestinal tract in colorectal cancer that is caused by the increased number of Fusobacterium, due to changes in the intestinal bacterial flora, is involved in carcinogenesis. In contrast, gut bacteria or their products, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, not only cause intestinal inflammation but also invade the bloodstream through dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction, thereby leading to systemic inflammation, namely bacterial translocation. The involvement of bacterial translocation in the carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers and their prognosis is increasingly being recognized. The Toll-like receptor signaling pathways plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of such cancers. In addition, bacterial translocation influences the treatment of cancers such as surgery and chemotherapy. In this review, we outline the concept of bacterial translocation, summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between gut bacteria and gastrointestinal cancer, and provide future perspectives of this field.
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7
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Huang Z, He A, Wang J, Lu H, Xu X, Zhang R, Liao W, Feng Q, Wu L. Toll-like receptor 3 is a potential prognosis marker and associated with immune infiltration in stomach adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:77-93. [PMID: 34657879 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors participate in various biological mechanisms, mainly including the immune response and inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the role of TLRs in STAD remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the expression, prognosis performance of TLRs in STAD and their relationship with immune infiltration. METHODS Student's t-test was used to evaluate the expression of TLRs between STAD tissues and normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to explored the prognosis value of TLRs in STAD. And qRT-PCR validated their expression and prognosis value. Spearman's correlation analysis and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to assess the association between TLRs and immune infiltration in STAD. RESULTS The mRNA level of TLR3 was downregulated in STAD. We summarized genetic mutations and CNV alteration of TLRs in STAD cohort. Prognosis analysis revealed that STAD patients with high TLR3 expression showed better prognosis in OS, FP and PPS. The result of qRT-PCR suggested that TLR3 expression was decreased in STAD tissues and STAD patients with high TLR3 mRNA level had a better OS. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis suggested TLR3 expression and clinical stage as independent factors affecting STAD patients' prognosis. A positive association existed between TLR3 expression and the abundance of immune cells and the expression of various immune biomarkers. Furthermore, key targets related to TLR3 were identified in STAD, mainly including MIR-129 (GCAAAAA), PLK1, and V$IRF1_01. CONCLUSIONS Our result demonstrated TLR3 as a prognosis marker and associated with immune infiltration in STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Aoxiao He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongcheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinxian People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rongguiyi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linquan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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8
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Li A, Wu H, Tian Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Methylation Regulation of TLR3 on Immune Parameters in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620200. [PMID: 34094905 PMCID: PMC8173059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the methylation regulation of TLR3 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and to explore the association of TLR3 expression with immune microenvironment. TLR3 has a decreased expression in LUAD tissues and low expression of TLR3 is not only associated with poor prognosis in patients with LUAD, but also can be used as a diagnostic marker. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) results showed that the methylation level in the promoter of TLR3 was negatively correlated with the level of TLR3 mRNA in LUAD tissues. TIMER analysis showed that TLR3 was negatively correlated with the tumor purity of LUAD and positively with immune cell infiltration to some extent. ESTIMATE analysis also suggested that TLR3 expression and its methylation had significant correlation with immune score. The lower immune scores were associated with the late stage of LUAD and poor prognosis. The high expression of TLR3 might inhibit the development of LUAD by activating apoptosis pathway. The proteins interacted with TLR3 were mainly involved in the apoptosis pathway and positively correlated with the key genes (MYD88, Caspase 8, BIRC3, PIK3R1) in this pathway. Therefore, TLR3 as a key biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis in LUAD, might be considered as a potential epigenetic and immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hongjiao Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qinqin Tian
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Affiliated Tangshan Gongren Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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9
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Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Esophagectomy with Three-Field Lymph Node Dissection for Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients with Clinical Stage III and with Supraclavicular Lymph Node Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050983. [PMID: 33652817 PMCID: PMC7956374 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by esophagectomy with three-field lymph node (LN) dissection for clinical Stage III patients and for clinical Stage IVB patients with supraclavicular LN metastasis as the only distant metastatic factor. We observed that NACRT followed by esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection is feasible and offers the potential for long-term survival of these patients. It is also suggested that supraclavicular LNs should be treated as regional LNs at least in patients with upper and middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Abstract Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by esophagectomy is now the standard treatment for patients with resectable advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) worldwide. However, the efficacy of NACRT followed by esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection for clinical Stage III patients and for clinical Stage IVB patients with supraclavicular LN metastasis has not yet been determined. Methods: Between 2008 and 2018, 94 ESCC patients diagnosed as clinical Stage III and 18 patients diagnosed as clinical Stage IVB with supraclavicular LN metastasis as the only distant metastatic factor were treated with NACRT followed by esophagectomy with extended lymph node dissection at Akita University Hospital. Long-term survival and the patterns of recurrence in these 112 patients were analyzed. Results: The median follow-up period of censored cases was 60 months. The five-year OS and DSS rates among the clinical Stage III patients were 57.6% and 66.6%, respectively. The five-year OS and DSS rates among the clinical Stage IVB patients were 41.3% and 51.6%, respectively. The most frequent recurrence pattern was distant metastasis (69.2%) in the Stage III patients and LN metastasis (75.0%) in the Stage IVB patients. Conclusion: NACRT followed by esophagectomy with three-field LN dissection is feasible and offers the potential for long-term survival of clinical Stage III ESCC patients and even clinical Stage IVB patients with supraclavicular LN metastasis as the only distant metastatic factor. At least in patients with upper and middle thoracic ESCC, treating supraclavicular LNs as regional LNs seems to be appropriate.
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Ueda S, Kanda M, Sato Y, Baba H, Nakamura S, Sawaki K, Shimizu D, Motoyama S, Fujii T, Kodera Y, Nomoto S. Chromobox 2 Expression Predicts Prognosis After Curative Resection of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:391-400. [PMID: 32576584 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate the function of chromobox 2 (CBX2) in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry to determine CBX2 expression levels in 13 human OSCC cell lines and clinical specimens of two independent cohorts of patients with OSCC. RESULTS PCR array analysis revealed that CBX2 was co-ordinately expressed with WNT5B in OSCC cell lines. RT-qPCR analysis of clinical samples revealed a high tumour-specific CBX2 expression compared with normal oesophageal tissues. High CBX2 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival, hematogenous recurrence, and overall recurrence. Analysis of tissue microarrays of one cohort revealed that patients with higher CBX2 levels tended to have a shorter disease-specific survival. CONCLUSION CBX2 overexpression in OSCC tissues may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting survival and hematogenous recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hayato Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Motoyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Sato Y, Motoyama S, Wakita A, Kawakita Y, Liu J, Nagaki Y, Nanjo H, Ito S, Terata K, Imai K, Minamiya Y. High TLR4 expression predicts a poor prognosis after esophagectomy for advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Esophagus 2020; 17:408-416. [PMID: 32170544 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-020-00732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral health is an independent risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes lipopolysaccharide in the cell walls of Gram-negative periodontal pathogens associated with the development and progression of ESCC. It is, therefore, plausible that TLR4 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ESCC. METHODS We used an ESCC tissue microarray to confirm expression of TLR4 in patients with ESCC and to determine whether TLR4 expression status correlates with the clinicopathological features of these patients or their prognosis after esophagectomy. We also tested whether the combined expression statuses of TLR4 and TLR3 better correlate with prognosis in these patients than either parameter alone. RESULTS Clinical ESCC samples from all 177 patients tested showed expression of TLR4. Moreover, high TLR4 expression (3 + and 2 +) correlated with poorer 5-year overall survival after esophagectomy than lower TLR4 expression (1 +) (p = 0.0491). Patients showing high TLR4 expression tended to have a poorer prognosis whether treated with surgery alone or with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed TLR4 expression status to be an independent prognostic factor affecting 5-year overall survival. Patients exhibiting high TLR4 expression with low TLR3 expression had a much poorer prognosis than other patients (p = < 0.0001). CONCLUSION High TLR4 expression predicts a poor prognosis in advanced thoracic ESCC patients after esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Satoru Motoyama
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Wakita
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuta Kawakita
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yushi Nagaki
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjo
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kaori Terata
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imai
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Minamiya
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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The Prognostic Value of Toll-Like Receptors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197255. [PMID: 33008143 PMCID: PMC7582583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of tumours which exhibit low 5 year survival rates. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that may improve the clinical utility of patients with HNSCC. Emerging studies support a role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in carcinogenesis. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of TLR immunoexpression in HNSCC patients. We compiled the results of thirteen studies comprising 1825 patients, of which six studies were deemed qualified for quantitative synthesis. The higher immunoexpression of TLR-1 to 5 and 9 was associated with a worsening of the clinical parameters of patients with HNSCC. Furthermore, induced levels of TLR-3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 were found to predict the patients' survival time. The meta-analysis revealed that TLR-7 overexpression is associated with a decreased mortality risk in HNSCC patients (HR 0.51; 95%CI 0.13-0.89; I2 34.6%), while a higher expression of TLR-5 predicted shorter, but non-significant, survival outcome. In conclusion, this review suggests that TLRs may represent some prognostic value for patients with HNSCC. However, due to small sample sizes and other inherent methodological limitations, more well designed studies across different populations are still needed before TLRs can be recommended as a reliable clinical risk-stratification tool.
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Comparison of the incidences of anastomotic leakage when PDSII or LACLON are used in esophago-gastric conduit handsewn anastomosis after esophagectomy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15616. [PMID: 32973231 PMCID: PMC7518418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy remains around 10%. It was previously reported that PDSII rapidly loses tensile strength at pH 1.0 and pH 8.5. By contrast, LACLON degradation is reportedly insensitive to pH. We therefore compared LACLON with PDSII for esophago-gastric conduit, layer-to-layer, handsewn anastomosis. Between January 2016 and January 2020, 90 patients who received posterior mediastinal gastric conduit reconstruction with layer-to-layer handsewn anastomosis (51 using PDSII and 39 using LACLON) at Akita University Hospital were enrolled. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was significantly lower in the LACLON (2.6%, 1/39 patients) than PDSII group (15.7%, 8/51 patients) (p = 0.0268). Multivariable logistic analysis showed the risk of anastomotic leakage was significantly greater with PDSII than LACLON (odds ratio 11.01; 95% CI 1.326–277.64; p = 0.024). The percentages of time the pH was higher than 8 on the gastric conduit side of the anastomosis were 3.1%, 5.7%, 20.9% and 80.5%, respectively, in the four most recent patients. The present study showed that pH at the anastomosis soon after esophagectomy tends to be alkaline rather than acidic, which raises the possibility that this alkalinity facilitates the deterioration of surgical sutures including PDSII.
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Baba H, Kanda M, Sato Y, Sawaki K, Shimizu D, Koike M, Motoyama S, Kodera Y, Fujii T. Expression and Malignant Potential of B4GALNT4 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:3247-3256. [PMID: 32253672 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-1,4-N-Acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 4 (B4GALNT4), an enzyme involved in ganglioside synthesis, is upregulated in many cancers. We examine B4GALNT4 expression and its relationship to prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of B4GALNT4 mRNA and B4GALNT4 protein was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in 17 human ESCC cell lines and/or clinical specimens from two independent cohorts of 147 and 159 ESCC patients. The contributions of B4GALNT4 to proliferation, invasion, migration, and adhesion was evaluated in ESCC cells subjected to siRNA-mediated gene knockdown. Correlations between clinicopathological parameters and B4GALNT4 expression in clinical specimens were analyzed in both patient cohorts. RESULTS B4GALNT4 mRNA expression levels varied widely in ESCC cell lines, regardless of differentiation status or the originating tissue. Knockdown of B4GALNT4 significantly suppressed the proliferation, invasion, migration, and adhesion of ESCC cell lines compared with control cells. B4GALNT4 mRNA was overexpressed in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal esophageal tissues. High mRNA expression was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival and hematogenous recurrence, and high B4GALNT4 protein expression was also significantly related to poor disease-specific survival. On multivariable analysis, high B4GALNT4 expression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis. In both patient cohorts, high B4GALNT4 expression did not correlate with known prognostic factors, such as disease stage, lymphovascular invasion, or squamous cell-carcinoma-related antigen level. CONCLUSIONS B4GALNT4 influences the malignant behavior of ESCC cells. B4GALNT4 expression may serve as a novel prognostic marker, independent of established risk factors, for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Baba
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Motoyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Bianchi F, Alexiadis S, Camisaschi C, Truini M, Centonze G, Milione M, Balsari A, Tagliabue E, Sfondrini L. TLR3 Expression Induces Apoptosis in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041440. [PMID: 32093313 PMCID: PMC7073031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is debated in cancer, differing between tumor types, methods, and cell types. We recently showed for the first time that TLR3 expression on early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) results associated with a good prognosis. Here, we provide experimental evidences explaining the molecular reason behind TLR3’s favorable prognostic role. We demonstrated that TLR3 activation in vitro induces apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines and, accordingly, that TLR3 expression is associated with caspase-3 activation in adenocarcinoma NSCLC specimens, both evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we showed that TLR3 expression on cancer cells contributes to activate the CD103+ lung dendritic cell subset, that is specifically associated with processing of antigens derived from apoptotic cells and their presentation to CD8+ T lymphocytes. These findings point to the relevant role of TLR3 expression on lung cancer cells and support the use of TLR3 agonists in NSCLC patients to re-activate local innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Spyridon Alexiadis
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (S.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Chiara Camisaschi
- Immunotherapy of Human Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Mauro Truini
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (S.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- First Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Milione
- First Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Balsari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (L.S.)
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Li Y, Wang X, Shi L, Xu J, Sun B. Predictions for high COL1A1 and COL10A1 expression resulting in a poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analyses. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:85-94. [PMID: 35117161 PMCID: PMC8798449 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the digestive tract worldwide. The lack of key molecular biomarkers is associated with the poor prognosis in ESCC patients. The present study was aimed to identify candidate genes for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications in ESCC by bioinformatics. Methods Two datasets of ESCC (GSE20347 and GSE70409) from gene expression omnibus (GEO) were analyzed using GEO2R online tool to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, functions and pathways enrichment analyses of DEGs and their protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed. When key DEGs were identified, their relationship with ESCC prognosis was further validated. Results There were 134 commonly changed DEGs (33 up-regulated and 101 down-regulated) from GSE20347 and GSE70409 datasets were identified using integrated bioinformatical analysis. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to annotate genes and gene products, highlight biological processes (BPs) and systemic functional information. Through the PPI network and cluster analysis, two clusters containing 21 key DEGs were detected and 14 of them were validated based on TCGA and GTEx data. Among these key DEGs, COL1A1 and COL10A1 were significantly associated with the prognosis in ESCC cases. Conclusions In conclusion, a total of 14 key DEGs and outcome in ESCC were identified by integrated bioinformatics analyses. COL1A1 and COL10A1 might be novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Liangliang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
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Bianchi F, Milione M, Casalini P, Centonze G, Le Noci VM, Storti C, Alexiadis S, Truini M, Sozzi G, Pastorino U, Balsari A, Tagliabue E, Sfondrini L. Toll-like receptor 3 as a new marker to detect high risk early stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14288. [PMID: 31582772 PMCID: PMC6776648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune and epithelial cells express TLR3, a receptor deputed to respond to microbial signals activating the immune response. The prognostic value of TLR3 in cancer is debated and no data are currently available in NSCLC, for which therapeutic approaches that target the immune system are providing encouraging results. Dissecting the lung immune microenvironment could provide new prognostic markers, especially for early stage NSCLC for which surgery is the only treatment option. In this study we investigated the expression and the prognostic value of TLR3 on both tumor and immune compartments of stage I NSCLCs. In a cohort of 194 NSCLC stage I, TLR3 immunohistochemistry expression on tumor cells predicted a favorable outcome of early stage NSCLC, whereas on the immune cells infiltrating the tumor stroma, TLR3 expression associated with a poor overall survival. Patients with TLR3-positive immune infiltrating cells, but not tumor cells showed a worse prognosis compared with all other patients. The majority of TLR3-expressing immune cells resulted to be macrophages and TLR3 expression associates with PD-1 expression. TLR3 has an opposite prognostic significance when expressed on tumor or immune cells in early stage NCSCL. Analysis of TLR3 in tumor and immune cells can help in identifying high risk stage I patients for which adjuvant treatment would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- First Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalini
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- First Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentino M Le Noci
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Storti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Spyridon Alexiadis
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Truini
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Pastorino
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Balsari
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Lanki M, Seppänen H, Mustonen H, Hagström J, Haglund C. Toll-like receptor 1 predicts favorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219245. [PMID: 31314777 PMCID: PMC6636725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The link between inflammation and carcinogenesis is indisputable. In trying to understand key factors at play, cancer research has developed an interest in the toll-like receptors (TLRs), which have shown signs of having prognostic value in various adenocarcinomas. We began investigating the expression of toll-like receptors 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 to evaluate their prognostic value of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods We collected tumor biopsies from 154 stage I-III PDAC patients surgically treated at Helsinki University Hospital between 2002 and 2011, excluding patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. We used tissue microarray slides and immunohistochemistry to assess expression of TLRs 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 in PDAC tissue. Immunopositivity scores and clinicopathological characteristics were subjected to Fisher’s exact test or the linear-by-linear association test. For the survival analysis, we applied the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and the Cox regression proportional hazard model served for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Strong TLR1 expression was observable in 60 (39%), strong TLR3 in 48 (31%), strong TLR5 in 58 (38%), strong TLR7 in 14 (9%), and strong TLR9 in 22 (14%) patients. The multivariate analysis showed strong TLR1 expression to associate with better survival than moderate, low, or negative expression (HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.99; p = 0.044). Additionally, those few patients with tumors negative for TLR1, TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 fared poorly (HR = 2.41; 95% CI 1.31–4.43; p = 0.005; n = 13). Conclusion Strong TLR1 expression suggested better prognosis in PDAC patients, whereas negative expression of TLR1, TLR3, TLR7, or TLR9 was a sign of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Lanki
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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