Zeller MH, Strong H, Reiter-Purtill J, Jenkins TM, Mitchell JE, Michalsky MP, Helmrath MA. Marijuana, e-cigarette, and tobacco product use in young adults who underwent pediatric bariatric surgery.
Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023;
19:512-521. [PMID:
36567232 PMCID:
PMC10461174 DOI:
10.1016/j.soard.2022.11.008]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The postoperative course after pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) cuts across a developmental phase when substance-use behaviors emerge as significant public health concerns.
OBJECTIVE
We examined use of marijuana, conventional cigarettes, and alternate tobacco products/devices (e.g., e-cigarettes, hookah, smokeless, dissolvable) in young adults (YA) to 6 years postsurgery.
SETTING
Five academic medical centers.
METHODS
In a prospective observational cohort series, 139 surgical (Mage = 16.9, Mbody mass index [BMI] = 51.5, 80% female, 66% white) and 83 nonsurgical comparisons (Mage = 16.1, MBMI = 44.9, 82% female, 54% white) completed assessments at presurgery/baseline and postsurgery years 2, 4, and 6 (year 6 [2014-2018]: surgical n = 123 [89%], Mage = 23.0, MBMI = 39.8; nonsurgical n = 63 [76%], Mage = 22.4, MBMI = 53.6). Lifetime and current (past 30 days) use were reported.
RESULTS
Consistent with national YA trends (2014-2018), the most commonly used were (1) conventional cigarettes (30% surgical, 41% nonsurgical, nonsignificant [ns]); (2) marijuana (25% surgical, 27% nonsurgical, ns); and (3) e-cigarettes (12% surgical, 10% nonsurgical). A sizable minority (26% surgical, 18% nonsurgical) used one or more alternate tobacco product/device. Many YA reported persistent and/or heavy use (e.g., >50% marijuana at year 6 and year 2 or 4; ≈50% ≥.5 pack/d of cigarettes), suggesting more established (versus intermittent) health risk behaviors. For the surgical group at year 6, current tobacco product/device use was associated with lower BMI (P < .001) and greater percent weight loss (P = .002).
CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric MBS demonstrates promise in lowering risks for adult chronic disease, which may be diminished by age-typical health risk behaviors. Developmentally salient and holistic pediatric postoperative care guidelines are needed.
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