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Hanson MN, Hughes D, Alseidi A, Bittner JG, Romanelli J, Vassiliou M, Feldman LS, Asbun H. The joy of surgery: how gender influences surgeons' experiences. Surg Endosc 2024:10.1007/s00464-024-10976-8. [PMID: 38902408 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burnout in medicine is an epidemic, and surgeons are not immune. Studies often focus on negative factors leading to burnout, with less emphasis on optimizing joy. The purpose of this study, conducted by the SAGES Reimagining the Practice of Surgery Task Force, was to explore how gender may influence surgeon well-being to better inform organizational change. METHODS The study team developed a survey with the domains: facilitators of joy, support for best work, time for work tasks, barriers to joy, and what they would do with more time. The survey was emailed to 5777 addresses on the SAGES distribution list. Results were analyzed by calculating summary statistics. RESULTS 223 surgeons completed the survey; 62.3% identified as men, 32.3% as women, and 5.4% did not indicate gender. Female compared to male respondents were younger (41.6 vs 52.5 years) and had practiced for fewer years (8.4 vs 19.4 years). The three greatest differences in facilitators of joy were being a leader in the field, leading clinical teams, and teaching, with a > 10 percentage point difference between men/women rating these highly (score of ≥ 8). Women generally perceived less support from their institutions than men. The greatest gender difference was in support for teaching, with 52.8% of men rating this highly compared to 30.2% of women. Only 52% of women felt respected by coworkers most of the time compared to 68.3% of men. Most (96.0%) respondents (men 95.7% and women 98.6%) reported wanting more time with family and friends. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the complexity of the personal and professional factors that influence joy in surgery, highlight gender differences that impact joy and suggests opportunities for improved gender-based support. These results can inform potential organization-level changes and further research to better understand emerging differences in joy across gender identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N Hanson
- Department of Surgery, Guelph General Hospital, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Dorothy Hughes
- Departments of Population Health and Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine- Salina, Salina, KS, USA
| | - Adnan Alseidi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James G Bittner
- Department of Surgery, Sentara Obici Hospital, Suffolk, VA, USA
| | - John Romanelli
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School - Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | | | - Liane S Feldman
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Horacio Asbun
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, USA
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Akinleye D, Wu M, Efferen LS, McCauley S, Allen A, Bennett H, Snitkoff LS, Cleary LM, Bliss K, Martiniano R, Wang S, McNutt LA, Osinaga A. Newly Acquired Burnout During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Experiences of New York State Primary Care Clinicians. J Community Health 2024; 49:34-45. [PMID: 37382837 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The well-being of primary care clinicians represents an area of increasing interest amid concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated already high prevalence rates of clinician burnout. This retrospective cohort study was designed to identify demographic, clinical, and work-specific factors that may have contributed to newly acquired burnout after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous web-based questionnaire distributed in August 2020 to New York State (NYS) primary care clinicians, via email outreach and newsletters, produced 1,499 NYS primary care clinician survey respondents. Burnout assessment was measured pre-pandemic and early in the pandemic using a validated single-item question with a 5-point scale ranging from (1) enjoy work to (5) completely burned out. Demographic and work factors were assessed via the self-reporting questionnaire. Thirty percent of 1,499 survey respondents reported newly acquired burnout during the early pandemic period. This was more often reported by clinicians who were women, were younger than 56 years old, had adult dependents, practiced in New York City, had dual roles (patient care and administration), and were employees. Lack of control in the workplace prior to the pandemic was predictive of burnout early in the pandemic, while work control changes experienced following the pandemic were associated with newly acquired burnout. Low response rate and potential recall bias represent limitations. These findings demonstrate that reporting of burnout increased among primary care clinicians during the pandemic, partially due to varied and numerous work environment and systemic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Akinleye
- Bureau of Clinical Research and Evaluation, Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Corning Tower, Room 1955, Albany, NY, 12237, USA.
| | - Meng Wu
- Bureau of Clinical Research and Evaluation, Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Corning Tower, Room 1955, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Linda S Efferen
- Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, ESP Corning Tower, Room 2019, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Susan McCauley
- Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, ESP Corning Tower, Room 2019, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Amanda Allen
- Communications, New York Chapter of the American College of Physicians, PO Box 38237, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Heather Bennett
- Diversity Equity and Inclusion Task Force, New York Chapter of the American College of Physicians, PO Box 38237, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Louis S Snitkoff
- Albany Medical College, New York Chapter of the American College of Physicians, PO Box 38237, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Lynn M Cleary
- Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Kate Bliss
- Office of Health Insurance Programs, New York State Department of Health, ESP Corning Tower, Room, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Robert Martiniano
- Center for Health Workforce Studies, University at Albany School of Public Health, 1 University Plaza, Pl #220, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Shen Wang
- Center for Health Workforce Studies, University at Albany School of Public Health, 1 University Plaza, Pl #220, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Louise-Ann McNutt
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, State University of New York, 5 University Place, Room A217, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Alda Osinaga
- Office of Quality and Patient Safety, New York State Department of Health, ESP Corning Tower, Room 2019, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
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Finn CB, Syvyk S, Bakillah E, Brown DE, Mesiti AM, Highet A, Bergmark RW, Yeo HL, Waljee JF, Wick EC, Shea JA, Kelz RR. Barriers and Facilitators to Clinical Practice Development in Men and Women Surgeons. JAMA Surg 2024; 159:43-50. [PMID: 37851422 PMCID: PMC10585584 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Importance Many early-career surgeons struggle to develop their clinical practices, leading to high rates of burnout and attrition. Furthermore, women in surgery receive fewer, less complex, and less remunerative referrals compared with men. An enhanced understanding of the social and structural barriers to optimal growth and equity in clinical practice development is fundamental to guiding interventions to support academic surgeons. Objective To identify the barriers and facilitators to clinical practice development with attention to differences related to surgeon gender. Design, Setting, and Participants A multi-institutional qualitative descriptive study was performed using semistructured interviews analyzed with a grounded theory approach. Interviews were conducted at 5 academic medical centers in the US between July 12, 2022, and January 31, 2023. Surgeons with at least 1 year of independent practice experience were selected using purposeful sampling to obtain a representative sample by gender, specialty, academic rank, and years of experience. Main Outcomes and Measures Surgeon perspectives on external barriers and facilitators of clinical practice development and strategies to support practice development for new academic surgeons. Results A total of 45 surgeons were interviewed (23 women [51%], 18 with ≤5 years of experience [40%], and 20 with ≥10 years of experience [44%]). Surgeons reported barriers and facilitators related to their colleagues, department, institution, and environment. Dominant themes for both genders were related to competition, case distribution among partners, resource allocation, and geographic market saturation. Women surgeons reported additional challenges related to gender-based discrimination (exclusion, questioning of expertise, role misidentification, salary disparities, and unequal resource allocation) and additional demands (related to appearance, self-advocacy, and nonoperative patient care). Gender concordance with patients and referring physicians was a facilitator of practice development for women. Surgeons suggested several strategies for their colleagues, department, and institution to improve practice development by amplifying facilitators and promoting objectivity and transparency in resource allocation and referrals. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this qualitative study suggest that a surgeon's external context has a substantial influence on their practice development. Academic institutions and departments of surgery may consider the influence of their structures and policies on early career surgeons to accelerate practice development and workplace equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B. Finn
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard David Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Solomiya Syvyk
- Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Emna Bakillah
- Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard David Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Danielle E. Brown
- Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Andrea M. Mesiti
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Regan W. Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather L. Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Judy A. Shea
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Rachel R. Kelz
- Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Leonard David Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Tang K, Labagnara K, Babar M, Loloi J, Watts KL, Jariwala S, Abraham N. Electronic Health Record Usage Patterns Across Surgical Subspecialties. Appl Clin Inform 2024; 15:34-44. [PMID: 37852294 PMCID: PMC10781576 DOI: 10.1055/a-2194-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to utilize metrics from physician action logs to analyze surgeon clinical, volume, electronic health record (EHR) efficiency, EHR proficiency, and workload outside scheduled time as impacted by physician characteristics such as years of experience, gender, subspecialty, academic title, and administrative title. METHODS We selected 30 metrics from Epic Signal, an analytic tool in Epic that extracts metrics related to clinician documentation. Metrics measuring appointments, messages, and scheduled hours per day were used as a correlate for volume. EHR efficiency, and proficiency were measured by scores built into Epic Signal. Metrics measuring time spent in the EHR outside working hours were used as a correlate for documentation burden. We analyzed these metrics among surgeons at our institution across 4 months and correlated them with physician characteristics. RESULTS Analysis of 133 surgeons showed that, when stratified by gender, female surgeons had significantly higher EHR metrics for time per day, time per appointment, and documentation burden, and significantly lower EHR metrics for efficiency when compared to male surgeons. When stratified by experience, surgeons with 0 to 5 years of experience had significantly lower EHR metrics for volume, time per day, efficiency, and proficiency when compared to surgeons with 6 to 10 and more than 10 years of experience. On multivariate analysis, having over 10 years of experience was an independent predictor of more appointments per day, greater proficiency, and spending less time per completed message. Female gender was an independent predictor of spending more time in notes per appointment and time spent in the EHR outside working hours. CONCLUSION The burden associated with volume, proficiency, efficiency, and workload outside scheduled time related to EHR use varies by gender and years of experience in our cohort of surgeons. Evaluation of physician action logs could help identify those at higher risk of burnout due to burdensome medical documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Kevin Labagnara
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Mustufa Babar
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Justin Loloi
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Kara L. Watts
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Sunit Jariwala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Nitya Abraham
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
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Merrill AL, Stein SL, Chu JT, Sarode AL, McKinley SK, Parangi S, Donelan K, Palamara K. Do Resident Coaching Programs Benefit their Coaches? Impact of a Professional Development Coaching Program on The Coaches. World J Surg 2023; 47:1609-1616. [PMID: 36847851 PMCID: PMC9969939 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-06957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coaching has been shown to decrease physician burnout; however, coachee outcomes have been the focus. We report the impact of coaching on women-identifying surgeons who participated as coaches in a 9-month virtual program. METHODS A coaching program was implemented in the Association of Women Surgeons (AWS) to determine the effects of coaching on well-being and burnout from 2018 to 2020. AWS members volunteered and completed training in professional development coaching. Pre- and post-study measures were assessed, and bivariate analysis performed based on burnout and professional fulfillment score. RESULTS Seventy-five coaches participated; 57 completed both pre- and post-study surveys. There were no significant changes in burnout or professional fulfillment including the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, and Accomplishment scale, hardiness, self-valuation, coping, gratitude, or intolerance of uncertainty scores from baseline to post-survey. On bivariate analysis, hardiness was associated with lower burnout throughout the duration of the program. Coaches with lower burnout at the end of the program met with their coachee more frequently than coaches with higher burnout [mean (SD) 3.95(2.16) versus 2.35(2.13) p = 0.0099]. DISCUSSION Burnout and professional fulfillment demonstrated no change in women surgeons who participated as professional development coaches. Those with lower burnout and higher professional fulfillment at the end of the program were found to have higher hardiness, which may be worth future investigation. CONCLUSIONS Acquisition of coaching skills did not directly improve well-being in faculty who participated in a resident coaching program. Future studies would benefit from control groups and exploration of qualitative benefits of coaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Merrill
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building- Suite 5005, Boston, MA, 02118, US.
| | - Sharon L Stein
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, US
- Association of Women Surgeons, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Jacqueline T Chu
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Anuja L Sarode
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Sophia K McKinley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, US
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Association of Women Surgeons, Chicago, IL, US
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Karen Donelan
- Institute On Healthcare Systems, Heller School of Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Boston, MA, US
| | - Kerri Palamara
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
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6
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Robertson AC, Shi Y, Shotwell MS, Fowler LC, Tiwari V, Freundlich RE. Automated Emails to Improve Evening Staffing for Anesthesiologists. J Med Syst 2023; 47:22. [PMID: 36773173 PMCID: PMC9918833 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-01919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Scheduling flexibility and predictability to the end of a clinical workday are strategies aimed at addressing physician burnout. A voluntary relief shift was created to increase the pool of anesthesiologists providing end of the day relief. We hypothesized that an automated email reminder would improve the number of evening relief shifts filled and increase the number of anesthesiologists participating in the program. An automated email reminder was implemented, which selectively emailed anesthesiologists without a clinical assignment one day in advance when the voluntary relief shifts were not filled, and anticipated case volume past 4:00 PM was expected to exceed the capacity of the on-call team. After implementation of the automated email reminder, the median number of providers who worked the relief shift on a typical day was 2.6, compared to 1.75 prior to the intervention. After the initial increase in the number of volunteers post-intervention, the trend in the weekly average number of volunteers tended to decrease but remained higher than before the intervention. A total of 22 unique anesthesiologists chose to participate in this program after the intervention. An automated email reminder increased the number of anesthesiologists volunteering for a relief shift. Leveraging automation to match staffing needs with case volume allows for recruitment of additional personnel on the days when volunteers are most needed. Increasing the pool of anesthesiologists available to provide relief is one strategy to improve end of the day predictability and work-life balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Dr, 4648, 37232-5614, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Yaping Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew S Shotwell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie C Fowler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Dr, 4648, 37232-5614, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vikram Tiwari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Dr, 4648, 37232-5614, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert E Freundlich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Dr, 4648, 37232-5614, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Naviaux AF, Barbier L, Chopinet S, Janne P, Gourdin M. Ways of preventing surgeon burnout. J Visc Surg 2023; 160:33-38. [PMID: 36257890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In surgical practice, numerous sources of stress (stressors) are unpredictable, two examples being daily workload and postoperative complications. They may help to explain surgeon burnout, of which the prevalence (34 to 53%) has been the subject of many studies. That said, even though assessments are legion, recommended solutions have been few and far between, especially insofar as by nature and training, surgeons are disinclined to interest themselves in burnout, which they are prone to consider as something experienced by "others". The objective of this attempt at clarification is to identify in the literature the strategies put forward in view of avoiding surgeon burnout, and to assess the impact of this phenomenon not only on the surgeon's professional and personal entourage, but also on patient safety. Prevention-based strategies, many of them focused on modifiable stressors, will be detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-F Naviaux
- College of Psychiatrists of Ireland, Health Service Executive (HSE) Summerhill Community Mental Health Service, W35 KC58 Summer Hill, Wexford, Ireland; CHU UCL Namur, Catholic University of Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - L Barbier
- Liver Transplant and HPB surgery, Auckland City Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Chopinet
- Liver and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, La Timone Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - P Janne
- CHU UCL Namur, Catholic University of Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium; Faculty of Psychology, Catholic University of Louvain, place Cardinal Mercier, 10, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - M Gourdin
- CHU UCL Namur, Catholic University of Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium; Department of Anesthesiology, CHU UCL Namur, Catholic University of Louvain, B5530 Yvoir, Belgium
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Golisch KB, Sanders JM, Rzhetsky A, Tatebe LC. Addressing Surgeon Burnout Through a Multi-level Approach: A National Call to Action. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2023; 9:28-39. [PMID: 36688090 PMCID: PMC9843106 DOI: 10.1007/s40719-022-00249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Physician burnout is an epidemic and there are unique aspects of surgery that dictate rates of burnout among general surgeons and surgical trainees. This review characterizes the scope of burnout and its drivers within the field of surgery and advocates for strategies to address burnout at the individual, institutional, and national levels. Recent Findings Rates of burnout in surgery are increasing with higher numbers of young and female surgeons affected. Contributing factors are generally related to work-life balance, longer hours, and mistreatment in the workplace. Attempts have been made at implementing structured initiatives in an effort to combat work dissatisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Still, rates of burnout continue to increase. Summary General surgeons and trainees are at high risk for burnout with resulting attrition, depression, and suicidal ideation. The solution to burnout must be addressed at individual, institutional, and national levels. Further research into the factors leading to surgeon burnout and enactment of effective strategies to mitigate burnout must be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B. Golisch
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jes M. Sanders
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Leah C. Tatebe
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
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Are We There Yet? No. Gender Disparities Still Exist and Affect Surgeon Burnout. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40719-022-00250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Chen H. From the Editor – in – Chief: Featured papers in the April 2022 issue. Am J Surg 2022; 223:607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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11
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Mullins CH, Lindeman B. Ending the burnout gender gap in surgery. Am J Surg 2021; 223:608. [PMID: 34663502 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Haddon Mullins
- Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine at UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brenessa Lindeman
- Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine at UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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