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Al Oweidat K, Al-Amer R, Saleh MY, Albtoosh AS, Toubasi AA, Ribie MK, Hasuneh MM, Alfaqheri DL, Alshurafa AH, Ribie M, Ali AM, Obeidat N. Mortality, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and Intubation among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A One-Year Retrospective Study in Jordan. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072651. [PMID: 37048734 PMCID: PMC10094820 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a public health crisis that has caused numerous deaths, necessitated an increased number of hospital admissions, and led to extended inpatient stays. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, intensive care unit admission, intubation, and length of hospital stay among Jordanian patients. This was a one-year retrospective study of 745 COVID-19 patients admitted to Jordan University Hospital. Data regarding the patients’ demographics, clinical and co-morbid conditions, imaging, laboratory parameters, mortality, intensive care unit admission (ICU), and intubation were collected from their medical records using a coding manual. The data revealed that the overall rates of COVID-19-related mortality, ICU admission, and invasive intubation were 23.0%, 28.3%, and 10.8%, respectively. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), troponin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and O2 saturation <90% were significantly associated with the mortality rate. The variables that were significantly associated with ICU admission were heart failure and the use of remdesivir. However, O2 saturation <90% and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were the only variables associated with invasive intubation. The findings of this study suggest that study-related health outcomes can be used to predict the severity of COVID-19, and they can inform future research aiming to identify specific populations who are at a higher risk of COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al Oweidat
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rasmieh Al-Amer
- Faculty of Nursing, Isra University, Amman 11953, Jordan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - Asma S. Albtoosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A. Toubasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mona Khaled Ribie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Manar M. Hasuneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Daniah L. Alfaqheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdullah H. Alshurafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Ribie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Smouha, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
| | - Nathir Obeidat
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Nemery O, Nail AM, Hamed MS, Imad Z, William J. Consequences of COVID-19 Among Adult HIV Patients Versus Non-HIV Patients: Two-Year Data From the Primary Isolation Centre in Sudan. Cureus 2023; 15:e36939. [PMID: 37131575 PMCID: PMC10148964 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic remains to have a global impact despite the great efforts in prevention. Controversy persists regarding the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 among HIV patients versus non-HIV individuals. Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 among adult patients with HIV versus non-HIV in the chief isolation centre in Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional, comparative single-centre study conducted at the Chief Sudanese Coronavirus Isolation Centre in Khartoum from March 2020 to July 2022. Data were analysed using SPSS V.26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). Results This study included 99 participants. The overall age mean was 50±1 years old, with a male predominance of 66.7% (n=66). 9.1% (n=9) of the participants were HIV cases, 33.3% of whom were newly diagnosed. The majority, 77.8%, reported poor adherence to anti-retroviral therapy. The most common complications included acute respiratory failure (ARF) and multiple organ failure, 20.2% and 17.2%, respectively. The overall complications were higher among HIV cases than non-HIV cases; however, statistically insignificant (p>0.05 ), except for acute respiratory failure (p<0.05). 48.5% of participants were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), with slightly higher rates among HIV cases; however, this was statistically insignificant (p=0.656). Regarding the outcome, 36.4% (n=36) recovered and were discharged. Although a higher mortality rate was reported among HIV cases compared to non-HIV cases (55% vs 40%), it was statistically insignificant (p=0.238). Conclusion The mortality and morbidity percent proportion among HIV patients with superimposed COVID-19 infection was higher than in non-HIV patients but statistically insignificant aside from ARF. Consequently, this category of patients, to a large extent, should not be considered highly susceptible to adverse outcomes when infected with COVID-19; however, ARF should be closely monitored for.
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Fraiwan M, Khasawneh N, Khassawneh B, Ibnian A. A dataset of COVID-19 x-ray chest images. Data Brief 2023; 47:109000. [PMID: 36845649 PMCID: PMC9937995 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinction between normal chest x-ray (CXR) images and abnormal ones containing features of disease (e.g., opacities, consolidation, etc.) is important for accurate medical diagnosis. CXR images contain valuable information concerning the physiological and pathological state of the lungs and airways. In addition, they provide information about the heart, chest bones, and some arteries (e.g., Aorta and pulmonary arteries). Deep learning artificial intelligence has taken great strides in the development of sophisticated medical models in a wide range of applications. More specifically, it has been shown to provide highly accurate diagnosis and detection tools. The dataset presented in this article contains the chest x-ray images from the examination of confirmed COVID-19 subjects, who were admitted for a multiday stay at a local hospital in northern Jordan. To provide a diverse dataset, only one CXR image per subject was included in the data. The dataset can be used for the development of automated methods that detect COVID-19 from CXR images (COVID-19 vs. normal) and distinguish pneumonia caused by COVID-19 from other pulmonary diseases. ©202x The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fraiwan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan,Corresponding author.
| | - Natheer Khasawneh
- Department of Software Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Basheer Khassawneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Ali Ibnian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Yaghmour YM, Said SA, Ahmad AM. Biochemical and hematological findings and risk factors associated with kidney impairment in patients with COVID-19. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:35-46. [PMID: 36819137 PMCID: PMC9921007 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-37343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a new pandemic that has infected millions of people worldwide and caused a high morbidity and mortality rate. COVID-19 may have a harmful effect on organs, especially the kidneys. Aims: The main aim of our research is to study the association between the severity of COVID-19 disease and biochemical parameters related to kidney function and to investigate certain risk factors of COVID-19-associated kidney disease. Methods A total of 174 individuals, 121 COVID-19 positive and 53 COVID-19 negative, were enrolled in this study. The relation between COVID-19 infection, severity, kidney function test, and hematological indicators were examined. Results The most prominent symptoms among COVID-19 were fever (95% ) and fatigue (92%). Regarding biochemical parameters, median creatinine, MPV, and CRP were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients, whereas median eGFR, Na+, WBC, MCH, MCHC, and eosinophil percentages were significantly lower in this group. Severely infected patients were observed to have higher urea, creatinine, neutrophils, and NLR. However, median sodium, eGFR, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, lymphocytes, and platelet count were significantly lower in the severe group. Urine examination of the severe group showed a significantly lower specific gravity, while urine pH, protein, and glucose were significantly higher. Conclusions Our analysis indicates that COVID-19 infection affects kidney function, mainly creatinine level, urea, eGFR, Na+ and urine protein. Additionally, comorbidities such as older age (>65), hypertension, taking medications, and CRP (>33.55 mg/L) are considered risk factors that are more likely to contribute to kidney impairment in COVID-19 positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Mohammed Yaghmour
- Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shraim Ala'a Said
- Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abbas Manal Ahmad
- Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Amman, Jordan
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Rababah T, Al-U'datt M, Angor MM, Gammoh S, Rababah R, Magableh G, Almajwal A, AL-Rayyan Y, AL-Rayyan N. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on obesity among adults in Jordan. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1114076. [PMID: 36742426 PMCID: PMC9896011 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome that mainly affects the human respiratory system. Unhealthy nutritional habits and obesity are expected as consequences of protective measures including quarantine. Obesity, in its growing prevalence, is a worldwide health issue associated with worsening health conditions. This is a cross-sectional study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity among Jordanian adults and across epidemiological statuses. Participants were randomly selected, and the survey was distributed on social media networking sites. A total of 672 subjects were surveyed and participated in the study between March and June 2021 via Google Form questionnaire. The results indicated that 74.4% of participants reported that they did not do any physical activity, and 43.5% changed their lifestyle and eating habits for the worse. During the COVID-19 pandemic, almost half of the participants reported an increase in hunger, consuming 3-4 meals/day, and consuming < 1 liter of water/day. Additionally, more than half of the participants reported no change in fat, cereals, and protein consumption, 46.4 % had no change in fruit and vegetable consumption, and 50.6% increased their consumption of sweets. Our results showed a significant increase in the self-reported BMI categories during the COVID-19 pandemic for all ages (p < 0.001). Change in weight and BMI was significantly associated with marital status, education level, living place, family size, family working members, and working status. Participants across all epidemiological statuses displayed a statistically significant increase in BMI. This study was conducted to observe the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors and obesity among Jordanian adults and across epidemiological statuses. We found that there were significant negative changes in the lifestyle (physical activity) and eating behaviors of Jordanians during the COVID-19 quarantine which in turn increased their body weight and changed the obesity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Rababah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,*Correspondence: Taha Rababah ✉
| | - Muhammad Al-U'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Malak M. Angor
- Nutrition and Food Processing Department, Al-Huson College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rana Rababah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghazi Magableh
- Industrial Engineering Department–Yarmouk University, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara AL-Rayyan
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Numan AL-Rayyan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,National Agricultural Research Center, Al-Baqa'a, Jordan,Numan AL-Rayyan ✉
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Altawalbeh SM, Alshogran OY, Al-Sawalha NA, Al-Saleem MM. Clinical Outcomes and Direct Medical Expenditures Associated With Intensive Care Unit Admission for Inpatients With COVID-19 in Jordan: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Value Health Reg Issues 2023; 33:76-82. [PMID: 36270104 PMCID: PMC9578045 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe clinical outcomes and medical expenditures associated with COVID-19 admissions. In addition, this study aimed to investigate the impact of patients' characteristics and baseline comorbidities on intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality, and medical expenditures for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Prince Hamza Hospital and King Abdullah University Hospital, during the period from March 2020 to June 2021. Medical records and pharmacy data were followed and reviewed throughout their admissions. The ICU admission, inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay, and inpatient charges were described. Predictors of ICU admission and inpatient charges were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 7694 COVID-19 hospital admissions were included. Approximately 1189 patients (15.5%) were admitted to ICU and 21.4% died in the hospital. The fatality rate among those admitted to ICU was 82.6% compared with 10.2% for non-ICU admitted patients. The average admission charge and charge per admission day were 1598.2 and 200.2 Jordanian dinar, respectively, and both charges were higher in ICU admitted patients than non-ICU admitted patients. Being older in age, smoker or ex-smoker, and having chronic diseases were all significantly associated with a higher likelihood of ICU admission and mortality among admitted patients. CONCLUSIONS ICU admission in patients with COVID-19 is associated with poor clinical outcomes and substantial medical expenditures and is more likely among older adults, smokers, and those with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoroq M. Altawalbeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,Correspondence: Shoroq M. Altawalbeh, PharmD, PhD, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Osama Y. Alshogran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour A. Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Nassar RI, Thiab S, Basheti IA. The battle against COVID-19 in Jordan: A cross-sectional study assessing the experience of Jordanians who have been infected with COVID-19. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2023; 21:2791. [PMID: 37090460 PMCID: PMC10117353 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.1.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients infected with coronavirus have new experiences and hence needs from the healthcare sector. Pharmacists can play vital roles in adopting innovative strategies to meet such needs. Objectives To assess the experience of people who have been infected with coronavirus, and to assess the roles played by pharmacists to meet their new needs. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional online survey was developed based on previous literature, validated, and conducted in Jordan (3-13 May 2021). Results The mean age of the study participants (n=470) was 34.31 years (SD=11.75). About three-quarters were females. Out of the study participants, 24.0% reported to having been infected with the coronavirus previously, and 48.9% of them were infected after contacting an infected family member/friend. Only 36.0% ranked their commitment to the preventative measures as "very committed" before getting infected. The most reported symptom was fatigue (77.1%). The most used medicine/supplement was vitamin C (85.3%), followed by pain relievers (77.7%), and zinc tablets (75.3%). More than half of the participants (66.4%) documented that their anxiety and stress levels increased during their infection. More than half of the participants (53.7%) strongly agreed/agreed that pharmacists had an important and effective role during their infection. Conclusion The experience of individuals who contracted the coronavirus indicated that few were very committed to preventative measures before getting infected. Fatigue was the main experienced symptom, while vitamin C was the supplement used the most. About half of the participants believed that pharmacists have an important role in managing their needs during their COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan I Nassar
- MSc. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Samar Thiab
- PhD. Assistant Professor in Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Iman A Basheti
- PhD. Professor in Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan. Honorary professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Nursing knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 pandemic in Jordanian intensive care units. Appl Nurs Res 2022; 67:151628. [PMID: 36116864 PMCID: PMC9425698 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The goal of this study was to find out the level of knowledge and perception among the nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods The study was set up in a cross-sectional design. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses completed a self-reporting questionnaire to assess their knowledge and perception of the pandemic. 182 ICU nurses were asked for information. We used statistical analyses that were both descriptive and inferential. Results There was a statistically significant link between nurses' knowledge and their years of experience (r = 0.15, p = .03), their experience with COVID-19 infection (r = 0.83, p = .01), and having a first-degree relative who had COVID-19 (r = 0.17, p = .02). Also, nurses knew a fair amount about COVID-19. There was a statistically significant link between how nurses felt and how they were trained to care for COVID-19 patients (r = 0.15, p = .034), nurses who had COVID-19 infection (r = 0.30, p = .001), and having a first-degree relative who had COVID-19 infection (r = 0.18, p = .014). Conclusion The Jordanian nurses' understanding of COVID-19 disease is categorized as average because the majority of their responses ranged between 56 % and 86 %. The nurses' knowledge was related to their length of experience in the field, and their perceptions were related to how they had been trained to care for COVID-19 patients.
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Kulesza J, Kulesza E, Koziński P, Karpik W, Broncel M, Fol M. BCG and SARS-CoV-2-What Have We Learned? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101641. [PMID: 36298506 PMCID: PMC9610589 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite controversy over the protective effect of the BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in adults, it has been used worldwide since 1921. Although the first reports in the 1930s had noted a remarkable decrease in child mortality after BCG immunization, this could not be explained solely by a decrease in mortality from TB. These observations gave rise to the suggestion of nonspecific beneficial effects of BCG vaccination, beyond the desired protection against M. tuberculosis. The existence of an innate immunity-training mechanism based on epigenetic changes was demonstrated several years ago. The emergence of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 revived the debate about whether the BCG vaccine can affect the immune response against the virus or other unrelated pathogens. Due to the mortality of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is important to verify each factor that may have a potential protective value against the severe course of COVID-19, complications, and death. This paper reviews the results of numerous retrospective studies and prospective trials which shed light on the potential of a century-old vaccine to mitigate the pandemic impact of the new virus. It should be noted, however, that although there are numerous studies intending to verify the hypothesis that the BCG vaccine may have a beneficial effect on COVID-19, there is no definitive evidence on the efficacy of the BCG vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kulesza
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Koziński
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Outpatient Clinic, Health Facility Unit in Łęczyca, Zachodnia 6, 99-100 Łęczyca, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karpik
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-44-72
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Faustman DL, Lee A, Hostetter ER, Aristarkhova A, Ng NC, Shpilsky GF, Tran L, Wolfe G, Takahashi H, Dias HF, Braley J, Zheng H, Schoenfeld DA, Kühtreiber WM. Multiple BCG vaccinations for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in type 1 diabetes. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100728. [PMID: 36027906 PMCID: PMC9376308 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for safe and effective platform vaccines to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of a multi-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious disease in a COVID-19-unvaccinated, at-risk-community-based cohort. The at-risk population is made of up of adults with type 1 diabetes. We enrolled 144 subjects and randomized 96 to BCG and 48 to placebo. There were no dropouts over the 15-month trial. A cumulative incidence of 12.5% of placebo-treated and 1% of BCG-treated participants meets criteria for confirmed COVID-19, yielding an efficacy of 92%. The BCG group also displayed fewer infectious disease symptoms and lesser severity and fewer infectious disease events per patient, including COVID-19. There were no BCG-related systemic adverse events. BCG's broad-based infection protection suggests that it may provide platform protection against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Faustman
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02192, USA.
| | - Amanda Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan C Ng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | | | - Lisa Tran
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | - Grace Wolfe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | - Hans F Dias
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | - Joan Braley
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | - David A Schoenfeld
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02192, USA
| | - Willem M Kühtreiber
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02192, USA
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Sheikh Ali S, Kheirallah KA, Sharkas G, Al-Nusair M, Al-Mistarehi AH, Ghazo M, Zeitawi A, Bellizzi S, Ramadan M, Alsulaiman JW, Alzoubi H, Belbesi A, Allouh MZ. SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiological Investigation in Jordan: Seroprevalence, Herd Immunity, and Vaccination Coverage. A Population-Based National Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7053-7062. [PMID: 36090704 PMCID: PMC9462546 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s371711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population-based serosurveillance is a cornerstone to furthering our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic at the community levels. In Jordan, four waves (phases) of seroprevalence epidemiological investigations were conducted using representative population-based national samples. This study aims to estimate the population-based seropositivity, herd immunity, and vaccination coverage at the fourth wave. Methods Multistage sampling technique was implemented to recruit a nationally representative sample for the fourth wave of the seroprevalence investigation (June to August 2021). Electronically collected data utilized a questionnaire on background demographics, chronic diseases, and COVID-19 vaccination history. Also, blood samples were collected to detect the presence of total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG using Wantai/ELISA assays. Prevalence estimates were presented using percentage and 95% Confidence Intervals (C.I.). Results There were 8821 participants included in this study, with a mean age of 31.3 years, and 61.7% were females. COVID-19 national seroprevalence and vaccination coverage estimates were 74.1% (95% C.I.: 73.1–74.9%) and 38.4% (95% C.I.: 37.1–39.6%), respectively. Among children, seroprevalence estimates were similar to unvaccinated adults. Among COVID-19 adults, 57.2% were vaccinated. Among vaccinated participants, 91.5% were seropositive, while among unvaccinated, 63.2% were seropositive. By age group, seroprevalence ranged between 53.0% and 86.9%. Seroprevalence estimates were significantly different by gender, vaccination status and dose, and residence. Conclusion The reported interplay between seropositivity and vaccination coverage estimate seems insufficient to provide herd immunity levels to combat new variants of SARS-CoV-2. Children and healthcare workers seem to be an epidemiologically influential group in spreading COVID-19. As the globe is still grappling with SARS-CoV-2 infection, national seroepidemiological evidence from Jordan calls for more focus on vaccination coverage, especially among epidemiologically vulnerable groups, to optimize herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Sheikh Ali
- Epidemics Management, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Correspondence: Khalid A Kheirallah, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan, Tel +962 7 9611 9094, Email
| | - Ghazi Sharkas
- Epidemics Management, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Al-Nusair
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Ghazo
- Epidemics Management, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ali Zeitawi
- Epidemics Management, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saverio Bellizzi
- Emergency Program, World Health Organization, Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Ramadan
- Emergency Program, World Health Organization, Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jomana W Alsulaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hamed Alzoubi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan
| | - Adel Belbesi
- Epidemics Management, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Mohammed Z Allouh, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box: 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, Tel +971 3 713 7551, Email
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12
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Volunteer Working during COVID-19 in Jordanian Community: Advantages and Challenges. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11080377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the crisis volunteering during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. This study aims to identify the skills that volunteers acquire during voluntary work. Moreover, it aims to identify whether there are significant differences for volunteer difficulties and advantages regarding gender, age, and education level. Researchers employed a quantitative method, using a questionnaire to achieve the goals of this study. The sample was 121 voluntary people (females and males) during the pandemic in a Jordanian community. The results of this study have shown that volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic has had a positive impact on volunteers during this period in terms of acquiring a variety of skills. Furthermore, there were numerous difficulties faced by volunteers, and there were no statistically significant differences in the level of skills acquired by volunteers as a result of their participation in volunteering.
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13
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Yassin A, Al-Mistarehi AH, Qarqash AA, Soudah O, Karasneh RA, Al-Azzam S, Khasawneh AG, El-Salem K, Kheirallah KA, Khassawneh BY. Trends in Insomnia, Burnout, and Functional Impairment among Health Care Providers over the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792206200. [PMID: 37274859 PMCID: PMC10156054 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2206200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the psychological well-being and quality of life of health care providers (HCPs). Objectives This study assessed the trends in prevalence and predictors of insomnia, burnout, and functional impairment among HCPs over the first year of the pandemic. Methods An online survey was conducted one month after the pandemic's onset (onset group) and a year later (one-year group). The demographic features of participants were collected. Insomnia, burnout, and functional impairment were assessed using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Mini-Z survey, and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), respectively. Results The onset group included 211 HCPs (mean (SD) age 34.7 (9.3) years and 73% men), while 212 HCPs participated in the one-year survey (mean (SD) age 35.9 (10.5) years and 69% men). High prevalence estimates were found in both onset and one-year groups of symptoms of insomnia (52% vs. 49%), of diagnosis of clinical insomnia (15% vs. 18%), with a high mean ISI score (8.4 vs. 8.7), but with no significant difference between the onset and one-year groups. Risk factors for clinical insomnia included age in both groups, lower income and contact level with COVID-19 patients/samples in the onset group, and lower Mini-Z scores and higher SDS scores in the one-year group. Approximately one-third of respondents reported at least one or more burnout symptoms, with a higher percentage in the one-year group (35.4%) than in the onset group (24.2%) (p=0.012). Younger age, lower monthly income, and higher ISI and SDS scores were risk factors for burnout in both groups. Greater perceived changes in social life were associated with burnout in the onset group. In contrast, higher weekly working hours, worse participants' evaluation of their institution's preparation, and more changes in workload were risk factors for burnout in the one-year group. The SDS score and its subscales scores were higher in the one-year group than in the onset group. Changes in workload and social life predicted higher SDS scores among both groups. Living with older people predicted higher SDS scores among the onset group, while contact level and estimated number of COVID-19 patients that participants engaged in during caring predicted higher SDS scores among the one-year group. ISI scores were significantly correlated with the Mini-Z scores and SDS scores in both groups, while the Mini-Z and SDS scores were significantly correlated only in the one-year group. Conclusion This study demonstrated high rates of insomnia, burnout, and functional impairment among HCPs during the pandemic. It reveals a significant rise in job burnout and functional impairment of HCPs overtime during the pandemic. Furthermore, high-risk subgroups are also highlighted for whom comprehensive psychosocial and occupational interventions might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yassin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aref A. Qarqash
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ola Soudah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reema A. Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aws G. Khasawneh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid A. Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Basheer Y. Khassawneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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14
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Yassin A, Al-Mistarehi AH, Soudah O, Karasneh R, Al-Azzam S, Qarqash AA, Khasawneh AG, Alhayk KA, Al Qawasmeh M, Kofahi RM, Bashayreh SY, El-Salem K. Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792206160. [PMID: 37274865 PMCID: PMC10158079 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2206160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic has an overwhelming psychologic burden on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aims to investigate the changes in the prevalence, estimates, severity, and risk factors of depressive symptoms among HCWs within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An observational e-survey collected data on HCWs' socio-demographic characteristics, occupational situation, and depressive symptoms as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The e-survey was distributed one month after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (onset group) and again after one year (one-year group). Results A total of 422 HCWs were included (Mean (SD) age, 35.3 (9.9) years; 71.3% males), with 211 (50%) participants in each group. In the total cohort, the mean PHQ-9 score was 8.5, and 36.7% reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms with a PHQ-9 score of ≥10. Compared to the onset group, the one-year group reported a higher risk of major depressive disorder (41.7% vs. 31.8%; OR 1.538; 95%CI 1.032-2.291; p=0.034), a higher mean PHQ-9 score (9.5 (6.8) vs. 7.4 (5.3), p<0.001), and more severe depressive symptoms (p<0.005). Participants who were younger, unmarried, underwent testing for COVID-19, reported lower monthly income, did not receive special COVID-19 education, or had lower satisfaction with institutional preparedness had significantly higher depression scores and symptoms in both onset and one-year groups (p<0.05 for each category). Female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 patients or samples were significant risk factors within the onset group. Occupation as a physician, history of COVID-19 testing or infection, and perception of significant changes in work schedule or intensity were significantly associated with higher depression scores and symptoms among the one-year group. Conclusion This study sheds light on an unspoken but significant rise in prevalence estimates and severity of depressive symptoms among HCWs over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic and shows the vulnerable subgroups for whom a psychological intervention might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yassin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ola Soudah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reema Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aref A. Qarqash
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aws G. Khasawneh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kefah A. Alhayk
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majdi Al Qawasmeh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Raid M. Kofahi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Salma Y. Bashayreh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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15
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Liu H, Zhou Z, Tao X, Huang L, Zhu E, Yu L, Du S, Zhang M. Willingness and Influencing Factors to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination Among Chinese Medical Students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:869838. [PMID: 35719679 PMCID: PMC9203880 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.869838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the desire of medical students in China to get vaccinated or not get vaccinated and the reasons for either decision. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 11 March and 12 March 2021, by administering an online questionnaire to the Chinese medical students. Data entry and analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 26.0. Results Of 3,047 students who completed the survey, 37.9% (1,154) of participants indicated that they would be vaccinated against COVID-19, while 62.1% (1,893) declared that they would not. Attitudes to the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.000), levels of eHealth Literacy (p = 0.000), the impact of COVID19 (p = 0.000), concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.000) and gender (p = 0.000) strong associations with willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination was sub-optimal among medical students in China. Educational interventions to improve medical students' perceptions and acceptance toward the COVID-19 vaccine are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhou
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Long Huang
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ergang Zhu
- School of Comprehensive Foundation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Liang Yu
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Shaoling Du
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Zhang
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16
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Yassin A, Al-Mistarehi AH, El-Salem K, Karasneh RA, Al-Azzam S, Qarqash AA, Khasawneh AG, Zein Alaabdin AM, Soudah O. Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Anxiety among Healthcare Workers in Jordan over One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052615. [PMID: 35270333 PMCID: PMC8909996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the changes in prevalence estimates, severity, and risk factors of anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs) over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was distributed among HCWs using snowball sampling, collecting their socio-demographics, occupation, and anxiety symptoms as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. It was distributed one month after the pandemic’s onset in Jordan between 15 and 30 April 2020 (onset group) and after one year between 15 and 30 March 2021 (one-year group). A total of 422 HCWs were included (211 in each group). The one-year group reported a higher risk of GAD (30.8% vs. 16.6%; p = 0.001), a higher mean (SD) GAD-7 score (7.94 (5.29) vs. 6.15 (4.15); p < 0.001), and more severe symptoms (p = 0.003). Univariate analyses showed that participants who were younger, women, unmarried, had lower monthly incomes, underwent testing for COVID-19, had higher contact with COVID-19 patients, did not receive special education, and were unsatisfied with the institutional COVID-19 preparedness scored higher on the GAD-7 scale and had more severe symptoms than their counterparts in both groups. Unlike the onset group, occupation as a physician, COVID-19 infection history, and perception of remarkable changes in work were associated with higher anxiety scores and severity among the one-year group. The COVID-19 vaccine was a relative protective action. Logistic regression analyses showed that the female gender was a risk factor for developing GAD at the pandemic onset, while poor satisfaction with institutional preparedness was a significant GAD risk factor in the one-year group. Low monthly income and lack of special education were the shared risk factors for GAD in both groups. This study reveals a significant rise in anxiety among HCWs over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic and shows the vulnerable sub-groups who likely need psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yassin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-7-9731-7236
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.-H.A.-M.); (A.M.Z.A.)
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Reema A. Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (R.A.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Aref A. Qarqash
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Aws G. Khasawneh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Anas M. Zein Alaabdin
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.-H.A.-M.); (A.M.Z.A.)
| | - Ola Soudah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (R.A.K.); (O.S.)
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17
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Compliance with safety measures and risk of COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers. Future Sci OA 2021; 8:FSO762. [PMID: 34900337 PMCID: PMC8559591 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine the compliance of healthcare workers (HCWs) with the hospital safety measures and the prevalence of hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection among them. Methodology: HCWs at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) assigned for COVID-19 patients between 18 March and 10 June 2020 were tested for past infection using total anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin assay, demographic data and compliance with safety measures were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 340 HCWs participated in the study, 260 were close direct care. Three HCWs tested positive for total anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin. Close direct care were more compliant with personal protective guidelines than those providing direct care. Conclusion: HCWs compliance with personal protective guidelines might explain the low prevalence of COVID-19 infection in hospital settings. Hospitals around the globe have implemented safety measures in order to decrease the risk of spreading the virus among healthcare workers (HCWs); our aim in this study is to assess the compliance of HCWs to the safety measures introduced in our hospital and the prevalence of contracting COVID-19 among them using total anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin assay. A total of 113 physicians and 227 nurses participated in the study; results showed a high level of compliance among HCWs working in close direct care and a relatively lower level of compliance among those providing direct care. Three of the HCWs tested positive for the total immunoglobulin assay, indicating the importance of adhering to the safety measures to decrease the risk of contracting the virus.
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18
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Li YP, Cai JW, Liao LJ, Ding H, Cao XJ, Zhu GD, Guo XG. Effect of BCG vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:302-308. [PMID: 34853192 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on previous studies, we found that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG) vaccination may have a role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate this protective effect. We searched in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, BioRxiv, and MedRxiv databases for studies that evaluated the relationship between BCG vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease. The quality of all included studies was assessed through the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Review Manager (Version 5.3) was used for conducting all data analyses. A total of 8 studies were ultimately included in our meta-analysis. Our primary analysis found significantly lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in the BCG vaccination group compared to the control group, with a odds ratio (OR) of 0.61, (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39 to 0.95, P = 0.03; I2 = 31%, and P = 0.21 for heterogeneity). Our study indicated that BCG vaccination can protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there is insufficient evidence that BCG vaccination can reduce the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jie-Wen Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Li-Juan Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Han Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Pediatric, The Pediatrics School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xun-Jie Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhu
- Departments of Geriatrics and Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
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19
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Al-Shatanawi TN, Sakka SA, Kheirallah KA, Al-Mistarehi AH, Al-Tamimi S, Alrabadi N, Alsulaiman J, Al Khader A, Abdallah F, Tawalbeh LI, Saleh T, Hijazi W, Alnsour AR, Younes NA. Self-Reported Obsession Toward COVID-19 Preventive Measures Among Undergraduate Medical Students During the Early Phase of Pandemic in Jordan. Front Public Health 2021; 9:719668. [PMID: 34820347 PMCID: PMC8606560 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.719668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated precautionary measures have substantial impacts not only on the medical, economic, and social context but also on psychological health. This study aimed to assess the obsession toward COVID-19 preventive measures among undergraduate medical students during the early phase of the pandemic in Jordan. Methods: Online questionnaires were distributed between March 16, 2020 and March 19, 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected, and self-reported obsession toward COVID-19 preventive measures was assessed using a single question.COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary measures were evaluated using scales. Using the chi-square test, Student t-test, and one-way ANOVA, we assessed the differences in the obsession of students with socio-demographic characteristics and scores of the scales. Results: A total of 1,404 participants (60% were female participants) completed the survey with a participation rate of 15.6%. Obsession with preventive measures was reported by 6.8%. Obsession was significantly more common among women (9.2%) than men (3.3%) and students who attended COVID-19 lectures (9.5%) than those who did not attend such lectures (5.8%) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively). Obsessed participants reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19 knowledge (p = 0.012) and precautionary measures (p < 0.001). COVID-19 risk perception had a mild effect size difference but with no statistical significance (p = 0.075). There were no significant differences in the academic levels of participants (p = 0.791) and universities (p = 0.807) between students who were obsessed and those who were not. Conclusions: Obsession is one of the significant but unspoken psychological effects of COVID-19 precautionary measures among undergraduate medical students. Medical schools should be equipped with means to handle pandemic psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq N Al-Shatanawi
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Samir A Sakka
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shawkat Al-Tamimi
- Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jomana Alsulaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali Al Khader
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Farah Abdallah
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Waleed Hijazi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayham R Alnsour
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Nidal A Younes
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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20
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Rawashdeh SI, Ibdah R, Kheirallah KA, Al-Kasasbeh A, Raffee LA, Alrabadi N, Albustami IS, Haddad R, Ibdah RM, Al-Mistarehi AH. Prevalence Estimates, Severity, and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Coronary Artery Disease Patients after Ten Days of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:103-113. [PMID: 34733349 PMCID: PMC8493832 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Depression and cardiovascular disorders are significant determinants of health that affect the quality of life and life expectations. Despite the high importance of depression screening among Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients, the time being to assess and treat it remains controversial. Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence estimates and severity of depressive symptoms and determine the risk factors associated with developing such symptoms among CAD patients after ten days of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Methods: All patients who underwent elective PCI between October 5, 2019, and Mid-March 2020 and diagnosed with CAD were included in this cross-sectional study. CAD was defined as intra-luminal stenosis of ≥ 50% in one or more of the coronary arteries. Depressive symptoms were screened after ten days of the PCI utilizing the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) tool. A linear regression model was used to assess the adjusted effects of independent variables on PHQ-9 scores. Electronic medical records, clinical charts, and PCI and echocardiogram reports were reviewed. Results: Out of 385 CAD patients, a total of 335 were included in this study, with a response rate of 87%. The participants' mean (±SD) age was 57.5±10.7 years, 75.2% were males, 43% were current smokers, and 73.7% had below bachelor's education. The prevalence estimates of patients with moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10) was 34%, mild depression 45.1%, and normal 20.9%. Female gender, low educational level and diabetes mellitus were found to be the significant independent predictors of depression among our cohort with (t(333) = 3.68, p<0.001); (t(333) = 5.13, p<0.001); and (t(333) = 2.79, p=0.042), respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among CAD patients after ten days of PCI. Approximately one out of three patients with CAD have significant symptoms of depression, which is an alarming finding for clinicians. Moreover, this study demonstrates a lack of sufficient depression recognition and management in similar study settings. Integration of mental health assessment and treatment among patients with CAD as soon as after PCI is recommended for optimal and effective treatment and to obtain the best outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukaina I Rawashdeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rasheed Ibdah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Al-Kasasbeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Liqaa A Raffee
- Department of Accident and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Iyad S Albustami
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rabia Haddad
- Department of Nursing, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Raed M Ibdah
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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21
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Khasawneh N, Fraiwan M, Fraiwan L, Khassawneh B, Ibnian A. Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5940. [PMID: 34502829 PMCID: PMC8434649 DOI: 10.3390/s21175940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has wreaked havoc on every aspect of our lives. More specifically, healthcare systems were greatly stretched to their limits and beyond. Advances in artificial intelligence have enabled the implementation of sophisticated applications that can meet clinical accuracy requirements. In this study, customized and pre-trained deep learning models based on convolutional neural networks were used to detect pneumonia caused by COVID-19 respiratory complications. Chest X-ray images from 368 confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected locally. In addition, data from three publicly available datasets were used. The performance was evaluated in four ways. First, the public dataset was used for training and testing. Second, data from the local and public sources were combined and used to train and test the models. Third, the public dataset was used to train the model and the local data were used for testing only. This approach adds greater credibility to the detection models and tests their ability to generalize to new data without overfitting the model to specific samples. Fourth, the combined data were used for training and the local dataset was used for testing. The results show a high detection accuracy of 98.7% with the combined dataset, and most models handled new data with an insignificant drop in accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natheer Khasawneh
- Department of Software Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Fraiwan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Luay Fraiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Basheer Khassawneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.K.); (A.I.)
| | - Ali Ibnian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.K.); (A.I.)
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22
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Sah P, Fitzpatrick MC, Zimmer CF, Abdollahi E, Juden-Kelly L, Moghadas SM, Singer BH, Galvani AP. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109229118. [PMID: 34376550 PMCID: PMC8403749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109229118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of asymptomatic infections is fundamental for effective public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Discrepancies regarding the extent of asymptomaticity have arisen from inconsistent terminology as well as conflation of index and secondary cases which biases toward lower asymptomaticity. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and World Health Organization Global Research Database on COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and April 2, 2021 to identify studies that reported silent infections at the time of testing, whether presymptomatic or asymptomatic. Index cases were removed to minimize representational bias that would result in overestimation of symptomaticity. By analyzing over 350 studies, we estimate that the percentage of infections that never developed clinical symptoms, and thus were truly asymptomatic, was 35.1% (95% CI: 30.7 to 39.9%). At the time of testing, 42.8% (95% prediction interval: 5.2 to 91.1%) of cases exhibited no symptoms, a group comprising both asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. Asymptomaticity was significantly lower among the elderly, at 19.7% (95% CI: 12.7 to 29.4%) compared with children at 46.7% (95% CI: 32.0 to 62.0%). We also found that cases with comorbidities had significantly lower asymptomaticity compared to cases with no underlying medical conditions. Without proactive policies to detect asymptomatic infections, such as rapid contact tracing, prolonged efforts for pandemic control may be needed even in the presence of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratha Sah
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Meagan C Fitzpatrick
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Charlotte F Zimmer
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Elaheh Abdollahi
- Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Lyndon Juden-Kelly
- Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Seyed M Moghadas
- Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Burton H Singer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Alison P Galvani
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
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23
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MohammadEbrahimi S, Mohammadi A, Bergquist R, Dolatkhah F, Olia M, Tavakolian A, Pishgar E, Kiani B. Epidemiological characteristics and initial spatiotemporal visualisation of COVID-19 in a major city in the Middle East. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1373. [PMID: 34247616 PMCID: PMC8272989 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged initially in China in December 2019 causing the COVID-19 disease, which quickly spread worldwide. Iran was one of the first countries outside China to be affected in a major way and is now under the spell of a fourth wave. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in north-eastern Iran through mapping the spatiotemporal trend of the disease. Methods The study comprises data of 4000 patients diagnosed by laboratory assays or clinical investigation from the beginning of the disease on Feb 14, 2020, until May 11, 2020. Epidemiological features and spatiotemporal trends of the disease in the study area were explored by classical statistical approaches and Geographic Information Systems. Results Most common symptoms were dyspnoea (69.4%), cough (59.4%), fever (54.4%) and weakness (19.5%). Approximately 82% of those who did not survive suffered from dyspnoea. The highest Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was related to those with cardiovascular disease (27.9%) and/or diabetes (18.1%). Old age (≥60 years) was associated with an almost five-fold increased CFR. Odds Ratio (OR) showed malignancy (3.8), nervous diseases (2.2), and respiratory diseases (2.2) to be significantly associated with increased CFR with developments, such as hospitalization at the ICU (2.9) and LOS (1.1) also having high correlations. Furthermore, spatial analyses revealed a geographical pattern in terms of both incidence and mortality rates, with COVID-19 first being observed in suburban areas from where the disease swiftly spread into downtown reaching a peak between 25 February to 06 March (4 incidences per km2). Mortality peaked 3 weeks later after which the infection gradually decreased. Out of patients investigated by the spatiotemporal approach (n = 727), 205 (28.2%) did not survive and 66.8% of them were men. Conclusions Older adults and people with severe co-morbidities were at higher risk for developing serious complications due to COVID-19. Applying spatiotemporal methods to identify the transmission trends and high-risk areas can rapidly be documented, thereby assisting policymakers in designing and implementing tailored interventions to control and prevent not only COVID-19 but also other rapidly spreading epidemics/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab MohammadEbrahimi
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Robert Bergquist
- Ingerod, Brastad, Sweden.,(Formerly with the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fatemeh Dolatkhah
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Olia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ayoub Tavakolian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elahe Pishgar
- Department of Human Geography and Logistics, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Kiani
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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24
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Ramadan M, Hasan Z, Saleh T, Jaradat M, Al‐hazaimeh M, Bani Hani O, Al‐Tammemi AB, Shorman E, Al‐Mistarehi A, Kheirallah K. Beyond knowledge: Evaluating the practices and precautionary measures towards COVID-19 amongst medical doctors in Jordan. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14122. [PMID: 33650228 PMCID: PMC7995122 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health Care Workers (HCWs), including medical doctors, played a pivotal role as a first-line defence against the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of high exposure, HCWs are at an increased risk of contracting the disease. AIMS This study aims to assess the level of precautionary measures, both at home and the workplace, amongst medical doctors who were on duty during the national lockdown in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 23 and May 1, 2020, utilising a self-administered web-based questionnaire to examine a sample of medical doctors (n = 270) working at different healthcare institutions in Jordan. Likert scale was used to code the data and generate means and percentages. RESULTS The most practiced on-duty precautionary measures were cleaning hands with water and disinfectant for more than 20 seconds (47.4%), followed by proper hygiene before and during meals (38.9%). The most practiced off-duty measures were taking off clothes before entering the residential place (65.9%) and prohibiting visitors (58.1%). Overall, the mean work protection percentage score was 73.8% (range: 28%-100%), while the mean home safety percentage score was 71.3% (range: 25%-100%). Work protection score was positively correlated with the home safety score. Female doctors were found to be more precautious at home than males. Doctors with chronic illness(es) were found to be less precautious than their healthier counterparts. Participants who isolated themselves expressed the highest level of home safety practice. Doctors who reported to smoke were found more precautious at home and doctors who preferred to work during lockdowns were more precautious at the workplace. CONCLUSION The level of precautionary behaviour of medical doctors in Jordan was not optimal. More attention and efforts are needed to enhance the adherence of doctors to precautionary guidance. Strengthening the role of infectious disease and infection control units within healthcare settings remains a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Ramadan
- Department of Public Health and Community MedicineFaculty of MedicineJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Zuheir Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Hashemite UniversityZarqaJordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Hashemite UniversityZarqaJordan
| | - Mahmoud Jaradat
- Department of General SurgeryRoyal Medical ServicesAmmanJordan
| | | | - Omar Bani Hani
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyAl‐Bashir HospitalMinistry of HealthAmmanJordan
| | | | - Enas Shorman
- Department of Public Health and Community MedicineFaculty of MedicineJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Abdel‐Hameed Al‐Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Community MedicineFaculty of MedicineJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Khalid Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Community MedicineFaculty of MedicineJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
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25
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Al-Mistarehi AH, Kheirallah KA, Yassin A, Alomari S, Aledrisi MK, Bani Ata EM, Hammad NH, Khanfar AN, Ibnian AM, Khassawneh BY. Determinants of the willingness of the general population to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in a developing country. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:171-182. [PMID: 34222130 PMCID: PMC8217585 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vaccination is a cost-efficient intervention to slow the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to assess the population's willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine in Jordan and investigate potential determinants of their acceptance Materials and Methods This study used an online survey distributed in November 2020, before introducing the vaccine, with items investigating socio-demographic characteristics, seasonal flu vaccination history, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance once available, and factors affecting their decision-making. Also, “COVID-19 risk perception” and beliefs toward COVID-19 vaccine benefits and barriers were assessed. Results A total of 2,208 participants completed the survey with a participation rate of 13.1%. The mean±standard deviation age was 33.2±13.5, and 55.7% were females. Study participants were almost equally distributed between willingness, unwillingness, and indecision to take the COVID-19 vaccine (30.4%, 36.4%, and 31.5%, respectively). Younger adults, males, and those who were not married, do not have children, have a bachelor or higher education, employees or being students, healthcare workers, and those who reported receiving flu vaccine had higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance compared to their counterparts (p<0.001 for each category). COVID-19 risk perception, and perceived vaccine benefits, and barriers were significant predictors of intention. Among those undecided or unwilling to take the COVID-19 vaccine, its safety and side effects were the most common concerns. Conclusion The low rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in a developing country is alarming, and a significant proportion are indecisive. Interventions to elevate vaccine acceptance by addressing its safety and efficacy and targeting vulnerable groups are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Yassin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maryam K Aledrisi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M Bani Ata
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nouran H Hammad
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Asim N Khanfar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ali M Ibnian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Basheer Y Khassawneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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26
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Mortality rate and biomarker expression within COVID-19 patients who develop acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO713. [PMID: 34254031 PMCID: PMC8114837 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the mortality difference between acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and non-AIS groups within COVID-19 patients. Materials & methods: We included observational studies through September 2020 that categorized COVID-19 patients into two groups (with and without AIS). Results: Eight studies with a total sample size of 19,399 COVID-19 patients were included. The pooled risk difference showed that patients with COVID-19 who developed AIS had significantly higher mortality than those without AIS by a risk difference of 24% (95% CI: 0.10–0.39; p = 0.001). In two studies, the COVID-19+AIS group had significantly higher lymphocytes, procalcitonin and creatinine levels. Conclusion: Developing AIS significantly adds to the mortality of COVID-19. Timely interventions to manage those patients are strongly recommended. We systematically searched for COVID-19 studies that categorized patients into two groups: with and without acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Of 5100 unique records, eight studies with a total of 19,399 COVID-19 patients were included. The overall mortality rate of COVID-19 patients who developed AIS was 29.6% compared with 2.6% in those without AIS. We therefore conclude that development of AIS increases the mortality rate of COVID-19, and recommend timely intervention for such patients.
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27
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Hammad AM, Hamed R, Al-Qerem W, Bandar A, Hall FS. Optimism Bias, Pessimism Bias, Magical Beliefs, and Conspiracy Theory Beliefs Related to COVID-19 among the Jordanian Population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1661-1671. [PMID: 33764890 PMCID: PMC8103486 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has an enormous impact on health. People's views about the virus impact public health efforts to mitigate the pandemic. In this study, we measured misconceptions toward coronavirus in the Jordanian population; 2,544 participants from the Jordanian population completed an online survey. Questions in the survey addressed misconceptions divided into four categories: optimism bias, pessimism bias, magical beliefs, and conspiracy theory beliefs. Questions were evaluated on a Likert scale, and average/median scores for each category were evaluated ("one" high misconception to "five" low misconception). Overall, the most common misconceptions involved conspiracy theory beliefs (2.68 ± 0.83), whereas the least common involved magical beliefs (2.25 ± 0.75). Females had more misconceptions than males (2.52 versus 2.47, P = 0.04). Participants who had attended a lecture on coronavirus, had a higher level of education, worked in a medical field, lived in urban area, or resided in Amman or northern Jordan had fewer misconceptions about SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 (2.64, 2.34, 2.33, 2.50 and 2.50 versus 2.53, 2.73, 2.72, 2.64, and 2.66, respectively, P < 0.001). The use of social media appeared to be an important factor influencing the likelihood of false beliefs (2.61 versus 2.38, P < 0.001). Understanding of the factors influencing public perceptions surrounding the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic will help public health authorities improve public understanding and compliance with public health recommendations directed at combatting the virus, including the use of surgical masks, thorough handwashing, and avoiding close contact. These messages will be better received by the public through correcting misconceptions surrounding COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan;,Address correspondence to Alaa M. Hammad, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al−Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan. E-mail:
| | - Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walid Al-Qerem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ameena Bandar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Frank Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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28
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Kheirallah K, Bloukh S, Khasawneh W, Alsulaiman J, Khassawneh A, Al-Mistarehi AH, Alqudah M, Elsalem L, Al Bashir S, Awad HH, Al-Shatanawi T, Saleh T. Medical students' relative immunity, or lack thereof, against COVID-19 emotional distress and psychological challenges; a descriptive study from Jordan. F1000Res 2021; 10:297. [PMID: 34026047 PMCID: PMC8108551 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52051.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emotional distress is a major impact of COVID-19 among not only the general public but also healthcare workers including medical students. This study aimed at describing self-reported changes in emotional reactions associated with COVID-19 among medical students in Jordan and to assessing the potential effect of social media utilization on emotional distress among this group. Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized to collect data early on during the outbreak in Jordan. All medical students in Jordan were eligible to complete an online questionnaire assessing self-reported emotional reactions to COVID-19 that covered four main domains: negative emotion (anxiety, worry, depression, panic, loneliness, and nervousness), positive emotion (happiness, joy, and excitement), sleep disorders (insomnia, shallow sleep, nightmares, and insufficient sleep), and aggression (verbal argument and physical fighting). The frequency of social media utilization as a main source of COVID-19 information was also assessed. Results: 59.9% of participants were females, 64.9% were enrolled at the two major medical schools in Jordan, and 59.6% were in the pre-clinical stage (years). A significant proportion of participants self-reported increased negative emotional levels of anxiety (49.2%), worry (72.4%), depression (23.1%), panic (22.6%), and nervousness (38.2%) and decreased positive emotional levels of happiness (44.8%), joy (47.3%), and feelings of excitement (45.1%). Self-reported sleep disorders were not as common (less than 15% for any of the four items), while arguing with others was at 26.7%. Significant differences by gender and academic year were detected. Almost half of participants reported using social media as a main source of COVID-19 information "most/all-the-times" with a significant effect of such on reducing emotional distress. Conclusion: The results suggest a potential effect of COVID-19 on the emotional distress of medical students. Addressing and mitigating such effects is crucial. The potential buffering effect of social media should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine at The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Wasim Khasawneh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jomana Alsulaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine at Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Adi Khassawneh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Samir Al Bashir
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hasan H Awad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tariq Al-Shatanawi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine at The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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29
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Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been globally used to protect infants against tuberculosis (TB) for about a century. This vaccine has been shown to provide some degree of non-specific protection from other respiratory tract infections. This advantage has encouraged researchers to investigate the potential protection of this vaccine from the coronavirus disease 2019 from different perspectives in the ongoing pandemic. In this study, we have comprehensively reviewed the latest articles on potential vaccine effectiveness of BCG on COVID-19 and summarized the possible impacts of the BCG against SARS-COV-2 in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Bagheri
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Montazeri
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Samrah SM, Al-Mistarehi AH, Kewan T, Al-Khatib SM, Ibnian AM, Samrah RS, Khassawneh BY. Viral Clearance Course of COVID-19 Outbreaks. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:555-565. [PMID: 33707949 PMCID: PMC7941054 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s302891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral course and behavior remain unpredictable. This study describes incubation time and viral clearance of COVID-19 hospitalized cases in Northern Jordan. Methods All COVID-19 confirmed cases hospitalized from March 15 to June 09, 2020, were included. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, and COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed every two days in all cases. The viral cure was defined when two negative RT-PCR tests were obtained ≥ 24 hours apart. Viral clearance time (VCT) reflects the time from the first positive nasopharyngeal swab to the first of two consecutive negative tests. Results In this cohort, a total of 157 patients were included. Most cases resulted from two major outbreaks. The median incubation period was 6 days (IQR, 3-10) and ranged from 1 to 17 days. The median VCT was 13 days (IQR, 7-2) and ranged from 1 to 40 days. Symptomatic presentation and abnormal chest radiograph were predictors for a prolonged VCT (p=0.015 and p=0.014, respectively). The median time of resolution of symptoms was 7 days (IQR, 3-10 days). Most symptomatic cases (91.7%) remained RT-PCR positive for up to 20 days after symptoms resolution, with a median of 13.5 days. VCT significantly correlated with the incubation period (p=0.013). Conclusion Viral cure lagged for as long as 20 days after resolution of symptoms. Continuing with social-distancing, frequent hand hygiene, and wearing facial mask remains essential and is recommended even after clinical resolution of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaher M Samrah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tariq Kewan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sohaib M Al-Khatib
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali M Ibnian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Randa S Samrah
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Basheer Y Khassawneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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31
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Chugh A, Khera D, Khasbage S, Singh S. Does bacille calmette–Guérin vaccination provides protection against COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Community Med 2021; 46:592-599. [PMID: 35068716 PMCID: PMC8729290 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_952_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lower morbidity and mortality in few geographic locations on the globe suffering with SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with the existing or previously followed long-standing Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy among infants. However, does it hold true that today after years of BCG vaccination, few adults have better prognosis or is it just confounding due to differential disease burden, population density, testing facilities, or improper reporting. The purpose was to evaluate and correlate this effect systematically. Methods: Detailed electronic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for eligible studies was performed. Results: One hundred and fourteen studies were yielded on search strategy and 28 observational studies were finally included for analysis. From our results, we can say that BCG vaccination causes a decrease in COVID-19 incidence and mortality. However, these results must be interpreted cautiously as lot of confounding factors were present in included studies, which can affect the outcome. Conclusion: The evidence of BCG vaccination for the protection against COVID-19 cannot be ruled out as evidence from many studies support the hypothesis, but the evidence of well-conducted RCTs and observational studies can strengthen the evidence. Registration Number: PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) database (CRD42020204466).
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32
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Mutiawati E, Syahrul S, Fahriani M, Fajar JK, Mamada SS, Maliga HA, Samsu N, Ilmawan M, Purnamasari Y, Asmiragani AA, Ichsan I, Emran TB, Rabaan AA, Masyeni S, Nainu F, Harapan H. Global prevalence and pathogenesis of headache in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res 2020; 9:1316. [PMID: 33953911 PMCID: PMC8063523 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27334.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of headache in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to assess its association as a predictor for COVID-19. This study also aimed to discuss the possible pathogenesis of headache in COVID-19. Methods: Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched as of September 2 nd, 2020. Data on characteristics of the study, headache and COVID-19 were extracted following the PRISMA guidelines. Biases were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The cumulative prevalence of headache was calculated for the general population (i.e. adults and children). The pooled odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was calculated using the Z test to assess the association between headache and the presence of COVID-19 cases. Results: We included 104,751 COVID-19 cases from 78 eligible studies to calculate the global prevalence of headache in COVID-19 and 17 studies were included to calculate the association of headache and COVID-19. The cumulative prevalence of headache in COVID-19 was 25.2% (26,464 out of 104,751 cases). Headache was found to be more prevalent, approximately by two-fold, in COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 patients with symptoms of other respiratory viral infections, OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.94, 2.5 with p=0.04. Conclusion: Headache is common among COVID-19 patients and seems to be more common in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the non-COVID-19 viral infection. No definitive mechanisms on how headache emerges in COVID-19 patients but several possible hypotheses have been proposed. However, extensive studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020210332 (28/09/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Mutiawati
- Department of Neurology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23126, Indonesia
| | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Department of Neurology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23126, Indonesia
| | - Marhami Fahriani
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto S. Mamada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Nur Samsu
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ilmawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65117, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Purnamasari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65117, Indonesia
| | | | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sri Masyeni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali, 80235, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanjiwani Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, 80235, Indonesia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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Mutiawati E, Syahrul S, Fahriani M, Fajar JK, Mamada SS, Maliga HA, Samsu N, Ilmawan M, Purnamasari Y, Asmiragani AA, Ichsan I, Emran TB, Rabaan AA, Masyeni S, Nainu F, Harapan H. Global prevalence and pathogenesis of headache in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res 2020; 9:1316. [PMID: 33953911 PMCID: PMC8063523 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27334.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of headache in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to assess its association as a predictor for COVID-19. This study also aimed to discuss the possible pathogenesis of headache in COVID-19. Methods: Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched as of September 2 nd, 2020. Data on characteristics of the study, headache and COVID-19 were extracted following the PRISMA guidelines. Biases were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The cumulative prevalence of headache was calculated for the general population (i.e. adults and children). The pooled odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was calculated using the Z test to assess the association between headache and the presence of COVID-19 cases. Results: We included 104,751 COVID-19 cases from 78 eligible studies to calculate the global prevalence of headache in COVID-19 and 17 studies were included to calculate the association of headache and COVID-19. The cumulative prevalence of headache in COVID-19 was 25.2% (26,464 out of 104,751 cases). Headache was found to be more prevalent, approximately by two-fold, in COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 patients (other respiratory viral infections), OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.94, 2.5 with p=0.04. Conclusion: Headache is common among COVID-19 patients and seems to be more common in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the non-COVID-19 viral infection. No definitive mechanisms on how headache emerges in COVID-19 patients but several possible hypotheses have been proposed. However, extensive studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020210332 (28/09/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Mutiawati
- Department of Neurology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23126, Indonesia
| | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Department of Neurology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23126, Indonesia
| | - Marhami Fahriani
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto S. Mamada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Nur Samsu
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ilmawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65117, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Purnamasari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65117, Indonesia
| | | | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sri Masyeni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali, 80235, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanjiwani Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, 80235, Indonesia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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Khassawneh AH, Alrabadi N, Al-Mistarehi AH, Obeidat N, Kheirallah KA. The role of non-state actors in combating COVID-19 spread in Northern Jordan. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:484-486. [PMID: 33194175 PMCID: PMC7649625 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adi H Khassawneh
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nail Obeidat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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35
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Samrah SM, Al-Mistarehi AH, Aleshawi AJ, Khasawneh AG, Momany SM, Momany BS, Abu Za'nouneh FJ, Keelani T, Alshorman A, Khassawneh BY. Depression and Coping Among COVID-19-Infected Individuals After 10 Days of Mandatory in-Hospital Quarantine, Irbid, Jordan. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:823-830. [PMID: 33116970 PMCID: PMC7547909 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s267459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In-hospital mandatory quarantine of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19-infected individuals was part of the national control strategy used to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan. This study aims to evaluate depression, associated stressors, and various coping methods used among adult quarantined COVID-19-infected individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study included all COVID-19-infected individuals who were obligatorily quarantined at King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan from March 15 to April 20, 2020. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire after 10 days of quarantine. In addition, several questions regarding the patients’ sights with the health-care system, and coping methods were added. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities were collected from the medical records. Results Out of 91 quarantined COVID-19 patients, a total of 66 completed the survey, with a participation rate of 72.5%. The majority were relatively young; the mean ± SD age was 35.8 ± 16.2 years (range 18–79), 59.1% were females and 47% were asymptomatic. A considerable proportion of patients (44%) reported symptoms of depression, with 21% were at high risk of major depressive disorder. Depression symptoms were significantly more common among females than males [PHQ-9 score ≥10: 13 (92.9%) vs 1 (7.1%), respectively; p=0.004]. The majority of patients (71.2%) reported having problems with health-care services. Insufficient involvement in making treatment decisions was the most commonly reported concern (59.1%). Patients who reported problems in maintaining privacy, reaching out to their physicians, or receiving conflicting information from the medical staff, had more symptoms of depression compared with the satisfied ones (p<0.05). On the other hand, those who were receiving sufficient support from the family, friends, or medical staff during quarantine, were less likely to have depression symptoms (p<0.05). Furthermore, symptoms of depression were less in patients who stayed in touch with others using phone calls, texting, or social media (p=0.024). Conclusion Symptoms of depression were common among both symptomatic and asymptomatic quarantined COVID-19 patients. The support of family, friends, and medical staff was an essential alleviating factor. Facilitating adequate communication may promote the mental well-being of COVID-19-infected patients and help in reducing the risk of depression during the in-hospital quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaher M Samrah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdelwahab J Aleshawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aws G Khasawneh
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Suleiman M Momany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Baker S Momany
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Faris J Abu Za'nouneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Thekra Keelani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abrar Alshorman
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Basheer Y Khassawneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
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