1
|
Young D, Houshmand B, Tan CC, Kirubarajan A, Parbhakar A, Dada J, Whittle W, Sobel ML, Gomez LM, Rüdiger M, Pecks U, Oppelt P, Ray JG, Hobson SR, Snelgrove JW, D'Souza R, Kashef R, Sussman D. Predicting adverse outcomes in pregnant patients positive for SARS-CoV-2: a machine learning approach- a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:553. [PMID: 37532986 PMCID: PMC10394879 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant people are particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to ensuing severe illness. Predicting adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes could aid clinicians in deciding on hospital admission and early initiation of treatment in affected individuals, streamlining the triaging processes. METHODS An international repository of 1501 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases in pregnancy was created, consisting of demographic variables, patient comorbidities, laboratory markers, respiratory parameters, and COVID-19-related symptoms. Data were filtered, preprocessed, and feature selection methods were used to obtain the optimal feature subset for training a variety of machine learning models to predict maternal or fetal/neonatal death or critical illness. RESULTS The Random Forest model demonstrated the best performance among the trained models, correctly identifying 83.3% of the high-risk patients and 92.5% of the low-risk patients, with an overall accuracy of 89.0%, an AUC of 0.90 (95% Confidence Interval 0.83 to 0.95), and a recall, precision, and F1 score of 0.85, 0.94, and 0.89, respectively. This was achieved using a feature subset of 25 features containing patient characteristics, symptoms, clinical signs, and laboratory markers. These included maternal BMI, gravidity, parity, existence of pre-existing conditions, nicotine exposure, anti-hypertensive medication administration, fetal malformations, antenatal corticosteroid administration, presence of dyspnea, sore throat, fever, fatigue, duration of symptom phase, existence of COVID-19-related pneumonia, need for maternal oxygen administration, disease-related inpatient treatment, and lab markers including sFLT-1/PlGF ratio, platelet count, and LDH. CONCLUSIONS We present the first COVID-19 prognostication pipeline specifically for pregnant patients while utilizing a large SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy data repository. Our model accurately identifies those at risk of severe illness or clinical deterioration, presenting a promising tool for advancing personalized medicine in pregnant patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Young
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 0A1, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto Metropolitan University & St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bita Houshmand
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 0A1, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto Metropolitan University & St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chunyi Christie Tan
- MD Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abirami Kirubarajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ashna Parbhakar
- MD Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jazleen Dada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wendy Whittle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mara L Sobel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luis M Gomez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, INOVA Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Mario Rüdiger
- Saxony Center for Feto-Neonatal Health, Medizinische Fakultät Der TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pecks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Oppelt
- Department for Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Endocrinology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Joel G Ray
- MD Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St, Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sebastian R Hobson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John W Snelgrove
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rohan D'Souza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rasha Kashef
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 0A1, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto Metropolitan University & St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dafna Sussman
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 0A1, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto Metropolitan University & St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Corn M, Pham T, Kemp W. Adverse Fetal Outcomes and Histopathology of Placentas Affected by COVID-19: A Report of Four Cases. Cureus 2023; 15:e44402. [PMID: 37664389 PMCID: PMC10468721 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had significant impacts on mothers and neonates. In this report, we present four unique cases of COVID-19 infections in pregnancy and its effects on the mother, fetus, and placenta. Four mothers presented to the hospital during their pregnancy. Each had tested COVID-19-positive 1-29 days prior to admission. Gestational age ranged from 16 weeks six days to 36 weeks six days. Three of the four cases resulted in fetal demise or infant expiration. The common finding among all four cases was pathologic changes in the placenta. Most of the placentas were small for gestational age and had extensive villous infarction. There was also histiocytic intervillositis with villous necrosis and perivillous fibrin deposition. The placentas demonstrated positive staining of syncytiotrophoblasts for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike S1 subunit protein. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in tissue samples of two of the fetuses demonstrating vertical transmission. A higher incidence of severe COVID-19 disease course has been observed in pregnant women. Prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, chorionic histiocytic intervillositis of the placenta was rarely seen, and mostly of unknown etiology. The increase in placental fibrin levels results in decreased maternal placenta blood flow ensuing hypoxic stress in the fetus. Intrauterine hypoxia has been associated with alterations in brain structure and function resulting in defects in motor skills, cerebral palsy, decreased brain weight, schizophrenia, and other forms of cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Corn
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, USA
| | - Truc Pham
- Pathology, Incyte Pathology, Spokane Valley, USA
| | - Walter Kemp
- Pathology, State of Montana, Forensic Science Division, Billings, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pongsatha S, Chawansuntati K, Sakkhachornphop S, Tongsong T. Placental Transfer Immunity to the Newborns in a Twin Pregnant Women Vaccinated with Heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:116. [PMID: 36679961 PMCID: PMC9864723 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women who receive the COVID-19 vaccine develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which can be transferred to the fetus. However, the effectiveness of placental transfer has not been evaluated in twin pregnancy, especially in cases vaccinated with heterologous CoronaVac (Sinovac)-ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) regimen, which was commonly used in many countries. Case: A 34-year-old Thai woman with a twin pregnancy attended our antenatal care clinic at 21 + 2 weeks of gestation and requested COVID-19 vaccination. Her medical history and physical examination were unremarkable. She had not received COVID-19 vaccination before. Ultrasound screening for fetal anomaly revealed a dichorion diamnion twin pregnancy. Both twins showed no structural anomaly. She received the CoronaVac vaccine at 21 + 2 weeks of gestation without serious side effects and the ChAdOx1 vaccine at 24 + 2 weeks of gestation. Cesarean delivery was performed at 36 + 5 weeks of gestation, giving birth to the two healthy babies. The levels of anti-spike protein IgG levels (BAU/mL) in maternal blood just before delivery and umbilical cord blood of the two newborns were 313.349, 678.219, and 874.853, respectively. The levels of % inhibition (wild-type and delta) in the two newborns were also higher than those in the mother. In conclusion, heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1-S vaccination in a twin pregnancy could effectively provide protective immunity to both twin newborns. The antibody levels in both were approximately two times higher than those in the mothers. This case report may serve as a reference in counseling couples with a twin pregnancy, while the studies on placental transfer of vaccine-derived antibodies in twin pregnancy are currently not available, especially in countries experiencing a vaccine shortage or unavailability of mRNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saipin Pongsatha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | | | - Theera Tongsong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huré M, Peyronnet V, Sibiude J, Cazenave MG, Anselem O, Luton D, Vauloup-Fellous C, Deruelle P, Cordier AG, Benachi A, Mandelbrot L, Couffignal C, Pauphilet V, Vivanti AJ, Picone O. [SARS-Cov-2 vaccine's acceptance among pregnant women-A cross-sectional survey]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2022; 50:712-720. [PMID: 35914734 PMCID: PMC9335352 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SARS-CoV-2 is more likely to cause severe cases in pregnant women. They were part of the priority groups since April 2021 to benefit from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination before its extent to general population. This contribution aims to evaluate, in the postpartum period, the achievement of COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated in women during their pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHOD Multicenter cross-sectional survey study conducted from September to December 2021 with online self-questionnaire. All postpartum patients hospitalized in one of the 6 participating maternity hospitals were invited to answer. The questionnaire asked patients about their demographic characteristics, vaccination modalities, vaccine tolerance, and their general perception of vaccination. RESULTS Of the 371 women who responded, the vaccination rate was 65.7% (IC95% [60.8-70.4]), whom 98.8% entirely during pregnancy. Associated factors with vaccination during pregnancy were older age, higher socio-professional category, and prior information provided by health professionals. Factors that appear to motivate vaccination were personal protection and protection of the newborn. Finally, main factors negatively influencing the vaccination process were the fear of vaccine side effects and the negative perception of vaccines in general. DISCUSSION Acceptability and information about the vaccine by health professionals is in constant improvement. Information campaigns should be continued to improve the acceptability of vaccination, in light of the accumulating data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Huré
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Nord, hôpital Louis-Mourier, service de gynécologie obstétrique, Colombes, France; Université Paris Cité, France
| | - V Peyronnet
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Nord, hôpital Louis-Mourier, service de gynécologie obstétrique, Colombes, France
| | - J Sibiude
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Nord, hôpital Louis-Mourier, service de gynécologie obstétrique, Colombes, France; Université Paris Cité, France; Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; FHU PREMA, Paris, France
| | - M G Cazenave
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Nord, hôpital Louis-Mourier, service de gynécologie obstétrique, Colombes, France
| | - O Anselem
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Nord, hôpital Bichat, département de recherche clinique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie, 75018 Paris, France; Maternité Port-Royal, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, centre-université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Luton
- Université Paris Cité, France; FHU PREMA, Paris, France; Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Paris Cité, FHU prématurité, hôpital Bichat, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, Paris, France
| | - C Vauloup-Fellous
- Groupe de recherche sur les infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Vélizy, France; Hôpital universitaire, AP-HP, département de virologie, département de biologie génétique et PUI, université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Inserm U1193, université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - P Deruelle
- Pôle de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A G Cordier
- Université Paris Cité, France; Département de gynécologie et obstétrique, DMU santé des femmes et des nouveau-nés, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, France
| | - A Benachi
- Département de gynécologie et obstétrique, DMU santé des femmes et des nouveau-nés, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, France
| | - L Mandelbrot
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Nord, hôpital Louis-Mourier, service de gynécologie obstétrique, Colombes, France; Université Paris Cité, France; Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; FHU PREMA, Paris, France
| | - C Couffignal
- Université Paris Cité, France; Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Nord, hôpital Bichat, département de recherche clinique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie, 75018 Paris, France
| | - V Pauphilet
- Université Paris Cité, France; Maternité hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, France
| | - A J Vivanti
- Département de gynécologie et obstétrique, DMU santé des femmes et des nouveau-nés, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, université Paris Saclay, AP-HP, France; Groupe de recherche sur les infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Vélizy, France
| | - O Picone
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Nord, hôpital Louis-Mourier, service de gynécologie obstétrique, Colombes, France; Université Paris Cité, France; Inserm, IAME, 75018 Paris, France; FHU PREMA, Paris, France; Groupe de recherche sur les infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Vélizy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barriers and facilitators to vaccination for COVID-19, pertussis, and influenza during pregnancy: Protocol for an umbrella review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275105. [PMID: 36156084 PMCID: PMC9512206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to infection. Furthermore, infection from pertussis, influenza and COVID-19 increases the likelihood of adverse consequences to the mother and developing baby such as stillbirth, ICU admission, and pre-term caesarean birth. Increased rates of transmission and risk of adverse consequences from infection justifies the provision of national maternal vaccination programmes. Additionally, maternal vaccination helps protect the infant until they are able to receive their own vaccinations; a time when they are most at risk of mortality from influenza and pertussis. Vaccination during pregnancy has been repeatedly demonstrated as safe and effective in reducing harm, although rates of uptake remain low compared to the general population. The current protocol describes the methodology for an umbrella review aiming to explore the barriers and facilitators of vaccination during pregnancy for pertussis, influenza, and COVID-19. Systematic reviews that investigate the barriers and facilitators of at least one of either pertussis, influenza, or COVID-19 will be included in this review. Multiple databases will be searched, and included reviews assessed for quality (using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment for systematic reviews) and degree of overlap of included primary studies. Included reviews will be analysed according to the WHO SAGE model of determinants of vaccine hesitancy and separated by whether these explore influenza and pertussis, or COVID-19. The outcomes of this review will help inform the development of interventions to increase uptake of vaccination during pregnancy, and on whether interventions need to be tailored depending on the infectious disease. The key findings will identify the specific barriers and facilitators of vaccination hesitancy by considering contextual influences (e.g. sociodemographic variables), individual/social group influences (e.g. trust in the institutions), and vaccine-specific issues (e.g. safety and recommendations).
Collapse
|
6
|
Laguila Altoé A, Marques Mambriz AP, Cardozo DM, Valentini Zacarias JM, Laguila Visentainer JE, Bahls-Pinto LD. Vaccine Protection Through Placenta and Breastfeeding: The Unmet Topic in COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910138. [PMID: 35720385 PMCID: PMC9203883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has turned pregnant women’s healthcare into a worldwide public health challenge. Although initial data did not demonstrate pregnancy as a more susceptible period to severe outcomes of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, there are an increasing number of reports showing that not only pregnant women might be at significantly higher risk than non-pregnant women by COVID-19 but also the fetus. These findings may be related to adaptive changes that occur during pregnancy, such as the reduction in the residual respiratory capacity, the decrease in viral immune responses, and the increased risk for thromboembolic events. Additionally, despite the SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission evidence being uncommon, maternal illness severity might reflect serious perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Thus, protecting the maternal–fetal dyad against COVID-19 is critical. Even though pregnant women initially were excluded from vaccine trials, several studies have provided safety and efficacy of the overall vaccine COVID-19 platforms. Vaccination during pregnancy becomes a priority and can generate benefits for both the mother and newborn: maternal neutralizing antibodies are transmitted through the placenta and breastfeeding. Moreover, regarding passive immunization, human milk contains other bioactive molecules and cells able to modulate the newborn’s immune response, which can be amplified after the vaccine. Nonetheless, many issues remain to be elucidated, considering the magnitude of the protective immunity transferred, the duration of the induced immunity, and the optimal interval for pregnant immunization. In this review, we assessed these unmet topics supported by literature evidence regarding the vaccine’s immunogenicity, pregnancy immune heterogeneity, and the unique human milk antiviral features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Laguila Altoé
- Department of Basic Health Science, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Marques Mambriz
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Joana Maira Valentini Zacarias
- Department of Basic Health Science, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
- Department of Basic Health Science, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Larissa Danielle Bahls-Pinto
- Department of Basic Health Science, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Larissa Danielle Bahls-Pinto,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Immunogenicity Following Administration of BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccines in the Pregnant Population during the Third Trimester. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020307. [PMID: 35215900 PMCID: PMC8878278 DOI: 10.3390/v14020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, COVID-19 vaccines are currently being used to prevent transmission and to reduce morbidity and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Current research reveals that vaccines such as BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S are highly immunogenic and have high short-term effectiveness for most of the known viral variants. Clinical trials showed satisfying results in the general population, but the reluctance in testing and vaccinating pregnant women left this category with little evidence regarding the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity following COVID-19 vaccination. With the worldwide incidence of COVID-19 remaining high and the possibility of new transmissible SARS-CoV-2 mutations, data on vaccination effectiveness and antibody dynamics in pregnant patients are critical for determining the need for special care or further booster doses. An observational study was developed to evaluate pregnant women receiving the complete COVID-19 vaccination scheme using the BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S, and determine pregnancy-related outcomes in the mothers and their newborns, as well as determining adverse events after vaccination and immunogenicity of vaccines during four months. There were no abnormal findings in pregnancy and newborn characteristics comparing vaccinated versus unvaccinated pregnant women. COVID-19 seropositive pregnant women had significantly higher spike antibody titers than seronegative patients with similar characteristics, although they were more likely to develop fever and lymphadenopathy following vaccination. The same group of pregnant women showed no statistically significant differences in antibody titers during a 4-month period when compared with case-matched non-pregnant women. The BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines are safe to administer during the third trimester of pregnancy, while their safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity remain similar to those of the general population.
Collapse
|