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Legaria MC, Nastro M, Camporro J, Heger F, Barberis C, Stecher D, Rodriguez CH, Vay CA. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius: Pathogenicity, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Review of monobacterial infections and addition of a case of urinary tract infection directly identified from a urine sample by MALDI-TOF MS. Anaerobe 2021; 72:102461. [PMID: 34626800 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) found in the gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiota. The organism is mainly found in polymicrobial and scarcely in monobacterial infections such as prosthetic and native endocarditis. Anaerobic bacteria have rarely been reported as the cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Although GPAC are susceptible to most antimicrobials used against anaerobic infections, P. anaerobius has shown to be more resistant. Herein, we report a case of UTI caused by P. anaerobius from a 62-year-old man with a history of urological disease. Surprisingly, the microorganism was directly identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) from the urine sample. The isolate was successfully identified by phenotypic methods, MALDI-TOF MS, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. P. anaerobius showed no β-lactamase-producing activity, was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, and displayed intermediate susceptibility to ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Successful treatment was achieved with oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) should be performed on P. anaerobius isolates due to their unpredictable AST patterns and because empirically administered antimicrobial agents may not be active. This report shows that MALDI-TOF MS, directly used in urine specimens, may be a quick option to diagnose UTI caused by P. anaerobius or other anaerobic bacteria. This review is a compilation of monobacterial infections caused by P. anaerobius published in the literature, their pathogenicity, identification, and data about the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. anaerobius.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Legaria
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Nastro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Camporro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Servicio de Infectología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Heger
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Barberis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Stecher
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Servicio de Infectología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C H Rodriguez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C A Vay
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Guérin F, Dejoies L, Degand N, Guet-Revillet H, Janvier F, Corvec S, Barraud O, Guillard T, Walewski V, Gallois E, Cattoir V. In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci Responsible for Human Invasive Infections. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081665. [PMID: 34442745 PMCID: PMC8398781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this multicentre study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to anti-anaerobic antibiotics of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) isolates responsible for invasive infections in humans. A total of 133 GPAC isolates were collected in nine French hospitals from 2016 to 2020. All strains were identified to the species level (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA sequencing). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, clindamycin, vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and metronidazole were determined by the reference agar dilution method. Main erm-like genes were detected by PCR. The 133 GPAC isolates were identified as follows: 10 Anaerococcus spp., 49 Finegoldia magna, 33 Parvimonas micra, 30 Peptoniphilus spp., and 11 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin (except 3 P. micra), linezolid and metronidazole. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and piperacillin, except for P. anaerobius (54% and 45% susceptibility only, respectively). MICs of cefotaxime widely varied while activity of rifampicin, and moxifloxacin was also variable. Concerning clindamycin, 31 were categorized as resistant (22 erm(A) subclass erm(TR), 7 erm(B), 1 both genes and 1 negative for tested erm genes) with MICs from 8 to >32 mg/L. Although GPACs are usually susceptible to drugs commonly used for the treatment of anaerobic infections, antimicrobial susceptibility should be evaluated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Guérin
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France; (F.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Loren Dejoies
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France; (F.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Nicolas Degand
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Nice, F-06202 Nice, France;
| | | | - Frédéric Janvier
- Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Saint-Anne, F-83800 Toulon, France;
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, CHU de Nantes, F-44093 Nantes, France;
| | - Olivier Barraud
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Dupuytren, F-87042 Limoges, France;
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Hôpital Robert Debré-CHU de Reims, F-51090 Reims, France;
| | - Violaine Walewski
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris Seine Denis (HUPSSD), Site Avicenne, AP-HP, F-93000 Bobigny, France;
| | | | - Vincent Cattoir
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France; (F.G.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-99-28-42-76; Fax: +33-2-99-28-41-59
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Fourie JCJ, Bezuidenhout CC, Sanko TJ, Mienie C, Adeleke R. Inside environmental Clostridium perfringens genomes: antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors and genomic features. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:477-493. [PMID: 32833675 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, research has focused on Clostridium perfringens in clinical settings without considering environmental isolates. In this study, environmental genomes were used to investigate possible antibiotic resistance and the presence of virulence traits in C. perfringens strains from raw surface water. In silico assembly of three C. perfringens strains, DNA generated almost complete genomes setting their length ranging from 3.4 to 3.6 Mbp with GC content of 28.18%. An average of 3,175 open reading frames was identified, with the majority associated with carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. The genomes harboured several antibiotic resistance genes for glycopeptides, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, β-lactam, trimethoprim, tetracycline and aminoglycosides and also the presence of several genes encoding for polypeptides and multidrug resistance efflux pumps and 35 virulence genes. Some of these encode for haemolysins, sialidase, hyaluronidase, collagenase, perfringolysin O and phospholipase C. All three genomes contained sequences indicating phage, antibiotic resistance and pathogenic islands integration sites. A genomic comparison of these three strains confirmed high similarity and shared core genes with clinical C. perfringens strains, highlighting their health security risks. This study provides a genomic insight into the potential pathogenicity of C. perfringens present in the environment and emphasises the importance of monitoring this niche in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Janusz Sanko
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Charlotte Mienie
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa E-mail:
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Chia JH, Feng Y, Su LH, Wu TL, Chen CL, Liang YH, Chiu CH. Clostridium innocuum is a significant vancomycin-resistant pathogen for extraintestinal clostridial infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:560-566. [PMID: 28254687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extra-intestinal clostridial infection (EICI) is rare but can be fatal. Traditional phenotypic methods can only assign many of the Clostridium species to the genus level. METHODS A total of 376 non-repetitive Clostridium isolates from sterile sites were collected and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) Biotyper analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined, and clinical characteristics of the patients were assessed. Clostridium innocuum isolates were characterized by genome sequencing and genotyping. We used molecular and cellular methods to explore the virulence and resistance mechanisms of C.innocuum. RESULTS Clostridium innocuum was the second most common species to cause EICI, only next to Clostridium perfringens. All Clostridium isolates showed susceptibility to clindamycin, metronidazole, penicillin, piperacillin and ampicillin-sulbatam, while C. innocuum isolates were invariably resistant to vancomycin. Among 24 patients with EICI caused by C. innocuum, two (8.3%) had diarrhoea, three (12.5%) had soft-tissue infection, six (25%) had appendicitis and four (16.7%) each had shock and gastrointestinal perforation. The 30-day mortality was 16.7%. The C. innocuum isolated from different sites could not be separated from one another by genotyping. No known toxin genes were identified in the genome of C. innocuum but the species expressed cytotoxicity to epithelial cells. d-Alanine-d-alanine ligase, alanine racemase and d-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase are three main genes responsible for vancomycin resistance in C. innocuum. CONCLUSIONS Vancomycin-resistant C. innocuum is a previously unrecognized, yet prominent, cause for EICI. Genome analysis showed that the species could carry a lipopolysaccharide-like structure that is associated with cytotoxicity to cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Chia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y Feng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - L-H Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - T-L Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-L Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Liang
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-H Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Kaasch AJ, Seifert H. Oritavancin: a long-acting antibacterial lipoglycopeptide. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:843-55. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oritavancin is a new lipoglycopeptide antibacterial agent with an exceptionally long terminal half-life and a rapid bactericidal effect. Multiple mechanisms of action lead to a broad activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Its long terminal half-life allows for single-dose treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. Oritavancin was found to be safe and effective in treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in adults and it is currently approved in the USA and in Europe for this indication. Unfortunately, data for other indications are lacking. Here, we review chemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability of oritavancin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim J Kaasch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstr. 19–21, 50935 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University-Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstr. 19–21, 50935 Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany
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6
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Klinker KP, Borgert SJ. Beyond Vancomycin: The Tail of the Lipoglycopeptides. Clin Ther 2015; 37:2619-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Gao C, Guo N, Li N, Peng X, Wang P, Wang W, Luo M, Fu YJ. Investigation of antibacterial activity of aspidin BB against Propionibacterium acnes. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 308:79-86. [PMID: 26596576 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, antibacterial activity of four kinds of phloroglucinol derivatives extracted from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. acnes has been tested. Aspidin BB exerted the strongest antibacterial activity with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values ranging from 7.81 to 15.63 μg/mL. The time-kill assay indicated that aspidin BB could kill P. acnes completely at 2 MIC (MBC) within 4 h. By using AFM, we demonstrated extensive cell surface alterations of aspidin BB-treated P. acnes. SDS-PAGE of supernatant proteins and lipid peroxidation results showed that aspidin BB dose-dependently affected membrane permeability of P. acnes. DNA damage and protein degradation of P. acnes were also verified. SDS-PAGE of precipitated proteins revealed possible targets of aspidin BB, i.e., heat shock proteins (26 kDa) and lipase (33 kDa) which could all cause inflammation. Aspidin BB also seriously increased the inhibition rate of lipase activity from 10.20 to 65.20 % to possibly inhibit the inflammation. In conclusions, the effective constituents of D. fragrans (L.) Schott to treat acne might be phloroglucinol derivatives including aspidin BB, aspidin PB, aspidinol and dryofragin. Among this, aspidin BB inhibited the growth of P. acnes by disrupting their membrane, DNA and proteins and finally leaded to the cell death. The obtained data highlighted the potential of using aspidin BB as an alternative treatment for acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Box 332, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Box 332, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Box 332, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Box 332, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Box 332, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Box 332, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Box 332, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Mitra S, Saeed U, Havlichek DH, Stein GE. Profile of oritavancin and its potential in the treatment of acute bacterial skin structure infections. Infect Drug Resist 2015; 8:189-97. [PMID: 26185459 PMCID: PMC4500617 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s69412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oritavancin, a semisynthetic derivative of the glycopeptide antibiotic chloroeremomycin, received the US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria in adults in August 2014. This novel second-generation semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotic has activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Oritavancin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and is rapidly bactericidal against many Gram-positive pathogens. The long half-life of this drug enables a single-dose administration. Oritavancin is not metabolized in the body, and the unchanged drug is slowly excreted by the kidneys. In two large Phase III randomized, double-blind, clinical trials, oritavancin was found to be non-inferior to vancomycin in achieving the primary composite end point in the treatment of acute Gram-positive skin and skin structure infections. Adverse effects noted were mostly mild with nausea, headache, and vomiting being the most common reported side effects. Oritavancin has emerged as another useful antimicrobial agent for treatment of acute Gram-positive skin and skin structure infections, including those caused by MRSA and VISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Mitra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Usman Saeed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel H Havlichek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gary E Stein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Abstract
Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The December 2014 monograph topics are olodaterol, peginterferon beta-1a, testosterone nasal gel, ferric citrate corredination complex, and safinamide. The Safety MUE is on olodaterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Cada
- Founder and Contributing Editor, The Formulary , Washington State University , Spokane, Washington
| | - Danial E Baker
- Director, Drug Information Center, and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy , Washington State University Spokane, PO Box 1495, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495 . The authors indicate no relationships that could be perceived as a conflict of interest
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Abstract
Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The December 2014 monograph topics are olodaterol, peginterferon beta-1a, testosterone nasal gel, ferric citrate corredination complex, and safinamide. The Safety MUE is on olodaterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Cada
- Founder and Contributing Editor, The Formulary , Washington State University , Spokane, Washington
| | - Danial E Baker
- Director, Drug Information Center, and Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy , Washington State University Spokane, PO Box 1495, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495 . The authors indicate no relationships that could be perceived as a conflict of interest
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11
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Karaoui LR, EL-Lababidi R, Chahine EB. Oritavancin: An investigational lipoglycopeptide antibiotic. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2013; 70:23-33. [PMID: 23261897 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lamis R. Karaoui
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rania EL-Lababidi
- Clinical Pharmacy Services, Department of Pharmacy, Florida Hospital Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | - Elias B. Chahine
- Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL
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12
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Murphy EC, Frick IM. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci--commensals and opportunistic pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 37:520-53. [PMID: 23030831 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria associated with clinical infections, the Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are the most prominent and account for approximately 25-30% of all isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. Still, routine culture and identification of these slowly growing anaerobes to the species level has been limited in the diagnostic laboratory, mainly due to the requirement of prolonged incubation times and time-consuming phenotypic identification. In addition, GPAC are mostly isolated from polymicrobial infections with known pathogens and therefore their relevance has often been overlooked. However, through improvements in diagnostic and in particular molecular techniques, the isolation and identification of individual genera and species of GPAC associated with specific infections have been enhanced. Furthermore, the taxonomy of GPAC has undergone considerable changes over the years, mainly due to the development of molecular identification methods. Existing species have been renamed and novel species have been added, resulting in changes of the nomenclature. As the abundance and significance of GPAC in clinical infections grow, knowledge of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns of different species becomes more important. The present review describes recent advances of GPAC and what is known of the biology and pathogenic effects of Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Parvimonas, Peptoniphilus and Peptostreptococcus, the most important GPAC genera isolated from human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Carmel Murphy
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Mendes RE, Farrell DJ, Sader HS, Jones RN. Oritavancin Microbiologic Features and Activity Results From the Surveillance Program in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54 Suppl 3:S203-13. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Uçkay I, Dinh A, Vauthey L, Asseray N, Passuti N, Rottman M, Biziragusenyuka J, Riché A, Rohner P, Wendling D, Mammou S, Stern R, Hoffmeyer P, Bernard L. Spondylodiscitis due to Propionibacterium acnes: report of twenty-nine cases and a review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:353-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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[Update on antimicrobial chemotherapy]. Med Mal Infect 2009; 40:135-54. [PMID: 19959306 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a constant need for new antibacterial agents because of the unavoidable development of bacterial resistance that follows the introduction of antibiotics in clinical practice. As observed in many fields, innovation generally comes by series. For instance, a wide variety of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents became available between the 1970s and the 1990s, such as cephalosporins, penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones. Over the last 2 decades, the arrival of new antibacterial drugs on the market has dramatically slowed, leaving a frequent gap between isolation of resistant pathogens and effective treatment options. In fact, many pharmaceutical companies focused on the development of narrow-spectrum antibiotics targeted at multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium). Therefore, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) recently emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Even if some molecules were developed, new molecules for infections caused by these multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria remain remarkably scarce compared to those for Gram-positive infections. This review summarises the major microbiological, pharmacological, and clinical properties of systemic antibiotics recently marketed in France (i.e. linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline, ertapenem, and doripenem) as well as those of antibacterial drugs currently in development (i.e. ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, dalbavancin, telavancin, oritavancin, iclaprim, and ramoplanin) or available in other countries (i.e. garenoxacin, sitafloxacin, and temocillin).
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Camacho N, Espinoza C, Rodríguez C, Rodríguez E. Isolates of Clostridium perfringens recovered from Costa Rican patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea are mostly enterotoxin-negative and susceptible to first-choice antimicrobials. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:343-347. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the prevalence of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens among adults suffering from antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in a Costa Rican hospital, faecal samples were analysed from 104 patients by a cultivation approach. The 29 strains obtained, which accounted for an isolation frequency of 28 %, were genotyped and investigated with regard to their in vitro susceptibility to penicillin, imipenem, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol and metronidazole using an agar-dilution method. A multiplex PCR for detection of the toxins α, β and ϵ predictably classified all faecal isolates as biotype A. An agglutination assay revealed that only one isolate synthesized detectable amounts of enterotoxin (detection rate 3 %). This result was confirmed by a PCR targeting the cpe gene. The spores of the only CPE+ isolate did not germinate after incubation for 30 min at temperatures above 80 °C. Most isolates were susceptible to first-choice antimicrobials. However, unusual MICs for penicillin (16 μg ml−1) and metronidazole (512 μg ml−1) were detected in one and three isolates, respectively. The low incidence of enterotoxigenic strains suggests that C. perfringens was not a major primary cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in this hospital during the sampling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia Camacho
- Research Laboratory in Anaerobic Bacteriology (LIBA), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Espinoza
- Research Laboratory in Anaerobic Bacteriology (LIBA), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - César Rodríguez
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 2060, San José, Costa Rica
- Research Laboratory in Anaerobic Bacteriology (LIBA), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Evelyn Rodríguez
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 2060, San José, Costa Rica
- Research Laboratory in Anaerobic Bacteriology (LIBA), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 2060, San José, Costa Rica
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