1
|
Camargo A, Ramírez JD, Kiu R, Hall LJ, Muñoz M. Unveiling the pathogenic mechanisms of Clostridium perfringens toxins and virulence factors. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2341968. [PMID: 38590276 PMCID: PMC11057404 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2341968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens causes multiple diseases in humans and animals. Its pathogenic effect is supported by a broad and heterogeneous arsenal of toxins and other virulence factors associated with a specific host tropism. Molecular approaches have indicated that most C. perfringens toxins produce membrane pores, leading to osmotic cell disruption and apoptosis. However, identifying mechanisms involved in cell tropism and selective toxicity effects should be studied more. The differential presence and polymorphisms of toxin-encoding genes and genes encoding other virulence factors suggest that molecular mechanisms might exist associated with host preference, receptor binding, and impact on the host; however, this information has not been reviewed in detail. Therefore, this review aims to clarify the current state of knowledge on the structural features and mechanisms of action of the major toxins and virulence factors of C. perfringens and discuss the impact of genetic diversity of toxinotypes in tropism for several hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anny Camargo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond Kiu
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-UN (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang Y, Pan Y, Yin J. Prevalence, toxin-genotype distribution, and transmission of Clostridium perfringens from the breeding and milking process of dairy farms. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104485. [PMID: 38431330 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the distribution, transmission, and cross-contamination of Clostridium perfringens during the breeding and milking process from dairy farms. The prevalence of 22.3% (301/1351) yielded 494 C. perfringens isolates; all isolates were type A, except for one type D, and 69.8% (345/494) of the isolates carried atyp. cpb2 and only 0.6% (3/494) of the isolates carried cons. cpb2. C. perfringens detected throughout the whole process but without type F. 150 isolates were classified into 94 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes; among them, six clusters contained 34 PFGE genotypes with 58.0% isolates which revealed epidemic correlation and genetic diversity; four PFGE genotypes (PT57, PT9, PT61, and PT8) were the predominant genotypes. The isolates from different farms demonstrated high homology. Our study confirmed that C. perfringens demonstrated broad cross-contamination from nipples and hides of dairy cattle, followed by personnel and tools and air-introduced raw milk during the milking process. In conclusion, raw milk could serve as a medium for the transmission of C. perfringens, which could result in human food poisoning. Monitoring and controlling several points of cross-contamination during the milking process are essential as is implementing stringent hygiene measures to prevent further spread and reduce the risk of C. perfringens infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yifan Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyi Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Gonzales JL, Uzal FA, McClane BA. Overexpressing the cpr1953 Orphan Histidine Kinase Gene in the Absence of cpr1954 Orphan Histidine Kinase Gene Expression, or Vice Versa, Is Sufficient to Obtain Significant Sporulation and Strong Production of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin or Spo0A by Clostridium perfringens Type F Strain SM101. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:195. [PMID: 38668620 PMCID: PMC11053440 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The CPR1953 and CPR1954 orphan histidine kinases profoundly affect sporulation initiation and Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) production by C. perfringens type F strain SM101, whether cultured in vitro (modified Duncan-Strong sporulation medium (MDS)) or ex vivo (mouse small intestinal contents (MIC)). To help distinguish whether CPR1953 and CPR1954 act independently or in a stepwise manner to initiate sporulation and CPE production, cpr1953 and cpr1954 null mutants of SM101 were transformed with plasmids carrying the cpr1954 or cpr1953 genes, respectively, causing overexpression of cpr1954 in the absence of cpr1953 expression and vice versa. RT-PCR confirmed that, compared to SM101, the cpr1953 mutant transformed with a plasmid encoding cpr1954 expressed cpr1954 at higher levels while the cpr1954 mutant transformed with a plasmid encoding cpr1953 expressed higher levels of cpr1953. Both overexpressing strains showed near wild-type levels of sporulation, CPE toxin production, and Spo0A production in MDS or MIC. These findings suggest that CPR1953 and CPR1954 do not function together in a step-wise manner, e.g., as a novel phosphorelay. Instead, it appears that, at natural expression levels, the independent kinase activities of both CPR1953 and CPR1954 are necessary for obtaining sufficient Spo0A production and phosphorylation to initiate sporulation and CPE production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Jessica L. Gonzales
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA; (J.L.G.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA; (J.L.G.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Bruce A. McClane
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Defoirdt T, Rajkovic A. The impact of indole and mucin on sporulation, biofilm formation, and enterotoxin production in foodborne Clostridium perfringens. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae083. [PMID: 38544331 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Indole and mucin are compounds found in the host environment as they are produced by the host or by the host-associated microbiota. This study investigated whether indole and mucin impact Clostridium perfringens growth and sporulation, as well as enterotoxin production and biofilm formation. METHODS AND RESULTS There was no impact on growth of Cl. perfringens for up to 400 µM indole and 240 mg/l mucin, and neither indole nor mucin affected sporulation. Reverse-transcriptase qPCR showed that mucin strongly upregulated the expression of Cl. perfringens enterotoxin (up to 121-fold increase), whereas indole had a much more modest effect (2-fold). This was also reflected in increased Cl. perfringens enterotoxin levels in mucin-treated Cl. perfringens (as assessed by a reversed passive latex agglutination assay). Finally, mucin and indole significantly increased biofilm formation of Cl. perfringens, although the effect size was relatively small (less than 1.5 fold). CONCLUSION These results indicate that Cl. perfringens can sense its presence in a host environment by responding to mucin, and thereby markedly increased enterotoxin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Loutet SA, Cheung S, Zaytsoff S, Hofacre C, Jones MK, Van Petegem F, Abnousi H. Research Note: Clostridium perfringens NetB and CnaA neutralizing nanobodies in feed reduce the incidence of poultry necrotic enteritis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103578. [PMID: 38417327 PMCID: PMC10909890 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis is a devastating disease to poultry caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens. As a novel approach to combating poultry necrotic enteritis, we identified and characterized several hundred single domain antibody fragments (or nanobodies) capable of binding either the NetB toxin or the collagen-binding adhesin (CnaA) of C. perfringens. Many of the nanobodies could neutralize the in vitro functions of NetB or CnaA with inhibitory concentrations in the nanomolar range. The nanobodies were also screened for proteolytic stability in an extract derived from gastrointestinal tract fluids of chickens. A collection of 6 nanobodies (4 targeting NetB and 2 targeting CnaA) with high neutralizing activity and high gastrointestinal tract extract stability were expressed and secreted by Pichia pastoris or Bacillus subtilis. Chickens were given a feed with 1 of the 2 nanobody-containing groups: 1) nanobody-containing P. pastoris supernatants that were semi-purified, lyophilized, and enterically coated, or 2) B. subtilis spores from strains containing the nanobody genes. Compared to untreated chickens (23.75% mortality), mortality of chickens receiving feed modified with the P. pastoris and B. subtilis products decreased to 11.25 and 7.5%, respectively. These results offer a new opportunity to improve the control of poultry necrotic enteritis by incorporating highly specific nanobodies or bacteria expressing these nanobodies directly into chicken feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slade A Loutet
- NovoBind Livestock Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 0C3, Canada
| | - Sylvia Cheung
- NovoBind Livestock Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 0C3, Canada
| | - Sarah Zaytsoff
- NovoBind Livestock Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 0C3, Canada
| | - Charles Hofacre
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA
| | - Matthew K Jones
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hamlet Abnousi
- NovoBind Livestock Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 0C3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deslauriers N, Maduro L, Lepp D, Gong J, Abdul-Careem MF, Boulianne M. Determination of the virulence status of Clostridium perfringens strains using a chicken intestinal ligated loop model is important for understanding the pathogenesis of necrotic. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103433. [PMID: 38232618 PMCID: PMC10827602 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a poultry intestinal disease caused by virulent strains of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). This anaerobic bacterium produces a wide range of enzymes and toxins in the gut which leads to NE development. It is generally accepted by the poultry veterinarians that netB-positive C. perfringens strains are virulent and netB-negative strains do not cause NE. However, NE pathogenesis remains unclear as contradictory results have been reported. The use of experimental in vivo models is a valuable tool to understand the pathogenesis of a disease. In this study, a chicken ligated loop model was used to determine the virulence status of 79 C. perfringens strains from various geographical locations, sources, and genotype profiles. According to our model and based on histologic lesion scoring, 9 C. perfringens strains were classified as commensal, 35 as virulent, and 34 as highly virulent. The virulence of only 1 C. perfringens strain could not be classified as its lesion score was variable (from <10 to >15). In general, NE lesions were more severe in intestinal loops inoculated with netB-positive C. perfringens strains than those inoculated with netB-negative strains. The prevalence of netB among strains classified as commensal, virulent, and highly virulent was 56% (5/9), 54%, (19/35), and 59% (20/34). These results suggest that NetB is not required to cause NE lesions and that other factors are also involved. The classification of the virulence status of C. perfringens strains should not be based solely on the presence or absence of this toxin. Therefore, the use of an in vivo model is essential to distinguish commensal from virulent strains of C. perfringens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Deslauriers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lila Maduro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C58, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martine Boulianne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar S, Behera SK, Gururaj K, Chaurasia A, Murmu S, Prabha R, Angadi UB, Pawaiya RS, Rai A. In silico mutation of aromatic with aliphatic amino acid residues in Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) reduces its binding efficiency to Caprine Myelin and lymphocyte (MAL) protein receptors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2257-2269. [PMID: 37129165 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2204362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxaemia (ET) is a severe disease that affects domestic ruminants, including sheep and goats, and is caused by Clostridium perfringens type B and D strains. The disease is characterized by the production of Epsilon toxin (ETX), which has a significant impact on the farming industry due to its high lethality. The binding of ETX to the host cell receptor is crucial, but still poorly understood. Therefore, the structural features of goat Myelin and lymphocytic (MAL) protein were investigated and defined in this study. We induced the mutations in aromatic amino acid residues of ETX and substituted them with aliphatic residues at domains I and II. Subsequently, protein-protein interactions (PPI) were performed between ETX (wild)-MAL and ETX (mutated)-MAL protein predicting the domain sites of ETX structure. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were performed for both complexes to investigate the dynamic behavior of the proteins. The binding efficiency between 'ETX (wild)-MAL protein' and 'ETX (mutated)-MAL protein complex' interactions were compared and showed that the former had stronger interactions and binding efficiency due to the higher stability of the complex. The MD analysis showed destabilization and higher fluctuations in the PPI of the mutated heterodimeric ETX-MAL complex which is otherwise essential for its functional conformation. Such kind of interactions with mutated functional domains of ligands provided much-needed clarity in understanding the pre-pore complex formation of epsilon toxin with the MAL protein receptor of goats. The findings from this study would provide an impetus for designing a novel vaccine for Enterotoxaemia in goats.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kumaresan Gururaj
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India
| | | | - Sneha Murmu
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - U B Angadi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren Y, Lv X, Xu W, Li Y, Liu L, Kong X, Wang H. Characterization and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from patients with diarrhoea and food poisoning in Tai'an region, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:160-166. [PMID: 38157936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a significant opportunistic pathogen. This study aims to examine the occurrence of C. perfringens in patients with diarrhoea and food poisoning and compare the genetic similarities with strains found in poultry retail markets and poultry farms in the same city (Tai'an, China). METHODS Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 30 human faecal samples and genotyped using multiplex PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Genetic relationships were analysed through Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and Phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The positive rate of C. perfringens was found to be 96.67%. Among the positive samples, 91.67% of the faecal samples from patients with food poisoning contained type F strains of C. perfringens, while only 16.67% of the samples from diarrhoea cases contained type F. The drug susceptibility test revealed that the majority of isolates displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistance. Out of the 57 isolates tested for drug susceptibility, 89.47% demonstrated resistance to at least three antibiotics. The MLST results indicated that strains originating from the same host and environment tended to be more closely related. However, certain strains associated with food poisoning and diarrhoea in patients shared the same ST and CC as some strains found in the retail market. These strains were also found to be phylogenetically similar to some retail market strains, suggesting potential risks to human health. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the management of poultry retail markets in order to mitigate these associated risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ren
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Taicang Guangdong Wen's Poultry Co., Ltd, Taicang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Feicheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Feicheng, Shandong, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Qilu Animal Health Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Kong
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakhaipour E, Kariminik A, Alimolaei M, Bafti MS. Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Mutant I51C as a Recombinant Vaccine Candidate Against Enterotoxemia. Clin Lab 2024; 70. [PMID: 38345990 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2023.230608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium perfringens type B and D strains produce epsilon toxin (ETX), which can lead to enterotoxemia, an extremely lethal disease that has significant consequences for the farming of domestic ruminants, specifically sheep and goats. The bacterin-toxoids/toxoids enterotoxemia vaccines need time-consuming detoxification steps. Genetically derived toxoids (GTs) can be the alternative vaccines against ETX-associated enterotoxemia. This study was aimed to design, synthesize, and evaluate of five epsilon toxin mutants of C. perfringens by site-directed mutagenesis (SDM). METHODS In this study, five ETX mutants (H106P, I51C, V56C, A114C, and F118C), as ETX-GTs, were designed and synthesized by SDM, which were then cloned in pET-26b (+) and expressed in Escherichia coli /BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant ETX-GTs was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, blotting, and ELISA and their toxicity was evaluated by the residual toxicity test based on BP Pharmacopoeia, 2021. RESULTS The findings showed that the ETX-GTs could be considered alternative vaccine candidates against ETX-associated enterotoxemia. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that I51C mutant could form the basis of an improved recombinant vaccine against enterotoxemia.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gautam H, Ayalew LE, Shaik NA, Subhasinghe I, Popowich S, Chow-Lockerbie B, Dixon A, Ahmed KA, Tikoo SK, Gomis S. Exploring the predictive power of jejunal microbiome composition in clinical and subclinical necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens: insights from a broiler chicken model. J Transl Med 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38243294 PMCID: PMC10799374 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a severe intestinal infection that affects both humans and poultry. It is caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (CP), but the precise mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis remain elusive. This study aims to develop an NE broiler chicken model, explore the impact of the microbiome on NE pathogenesis, and study the virulence of CP isolates with different toxin gene combinations. METHODS This study established an animal disease model for NE in broiler chickens. The methodology encompassed inducing abrupt protein changes and immunosuppression in the first experiment, and in the second, challenging chickens with CP isolates containing various toxin genes. NE was evaluated through gross and histopathological scoring of the jejunum. Subsequently, jejunal contents were collected from these birds for microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, followed by sequence analysis to investigate microbial diversity and abundance, employing different bioinformatic approaches. RESULTS Our findings reveal that CP infection, combined with an abrupt increase in dietary protein concentration and/or infection with the immunosuppressive variant infectious bursal disease virus (vIBDV), predisposed birds to NE development. We observed a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Romboutsia genera in the jejunum, accompanied by a notable increase (p < 0.0001) in Clostridium and Escherichia. Jejunal microbial dysbiosis and severe NE lesions were particularly evident in birds infected with CP isolates containing cpa, netB, tpeL, and cpb2 toxin genes, compared to CP isolates with other toxin gene combinations. Notably, birds that did not develop clinical or subclinical NE following CP infection exhibited a significantly higher (p < 0.0001) level of Romboutsia. These findings shed light on the complex interplay between CP infection, the gut microbiome, and NE pathogenesis in broiler chickens. CONCLUSION Our study establishes that dysbiosis within the jejunal microbiome serves as a reliable biomarker for detecting subclinical and clinical NE in broiler chicken models. Additionally, we identify the potential of the genera Romboutsia and Lactobacillus as promising candidates for probiotic development, offering effective alternatives to antibiotics in NE prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Gautam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Iresha Subhasinghe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Chow-Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Alexa Dixon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 5D40 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goa Y, Du JG, Jirapattharasate C, Galon E, Ji SW, Ran ZG, Xia YQ. A non-toxic recombinant protein rSUMO-CPBm4 as a potential vaccine candidate against Clostridium perfringens type C beta enterotoxemia. Trop Biomed 2023; 40:400-405. [PMID: 38308826 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Beta toxin (CPB) is a lethal toxin and plays a key role in enterotoxemia of ruminants caused by Clostridium perfringens type C strain. The existing vaccines based on crude CPB need time-consuming detoxification and difficult quality control steps. In this study, we synthesized the rCPBm4 of C. perfringens type C strain and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-tag CPBm4 (rSUMO-CPBm4) by introducing four amino acid substitutions: R212E, Y266A, L268G, and W275A. Compared with rCPBm4, rSUMO-CPBm4 was expressed with higher solubility in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Neither rCPBm4 nor rSUMO-CPBm4 was lethal to mice. Although rCPBm4 and rSUMO-CPBm4 were reactogenic with polyclonal antibodies against crude CPB, rabbits vaccinated with rSUMO-CPBm4 developed significant levels of toxin-neutralizing antibody (TNA) titers that conferred protection against crude toxin challenge. These data suggest that genetically detoxified rSUMO-CPBm4 is a promising subunit vaccine candidate for C. perfringens type C beta enterotoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Goa
- The Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
- Chongqing Auleon Biological Co., Ltd., Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, PR China
| | - J G Du
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081, China
| | - C Jirapattharasate
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, 73170
| | - E Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - S W Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Z G Ran
- Chongqing Auleon Biological Co., Ltd., Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, PR China
| | - Y Q Xia
- The Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alimolaei M, Afzali S. Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes in antibiotic-associated diarrheal (AAD) patients in Iranian hospitals; can toxinotype D serve as a possible zoonotic agent for humans? Acta Trop 2023; 247:107002. [PMID: 37597720 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
While Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) toxinotype F is known as the cause of 15% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and sporadic diarrhea (SD) cases, the association of the other C. perfringens toxinotypes with AAD/SD is not investigated. Therefore, the incidence of C. perfringens-associated diarrhea was investigated in hospitalized patients in six Iranian hospitals. A total of 151 stool specimens from AAD/SD patients were investigated for C. perfringens strains and the isolates were analyzed for the major (cpa, cpb, etx, and iap) and minor (cpe, cpb2, netb, PFO, and tpeL) toxin genes by PCR. C. perfringens isolation ratio was 28.5% (43 of 151 patients). C. perfringens isolation rates were not significant between different gender and age groups (p > 0.05), whereas it was significant between different wards and hospitals (p < 0.01). The cpa gene was detected in all C. perfringens isolates (n = 116). After that, the highest prevalence belonged to tpeL (87.1%), followed by pfo (84.5%), cpb2 (69.8%), cpe (55.2%), etx (12.9%), and netb (1.7%) genes. Based on these gene profiles, 35 (30.2%), 64 (55.2%), 15 (12.9%), and two (1.7%) isolates belonged to toxinotypes A, F, D, and G, respectively, and the other toxinotypes were not detected. This study persists in considering toxinotype F in Iranian AAD patients as it was the dominant C. perfringens toxinotype. Remarkably, the isolation of toxinotype D suggests it as a potential trigger in C. perfringens-associated AAD for the first time and highlights it as a possible zoonotic agent for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Alimolaei
- Research and Development Department, Kerman branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran; Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Afzali
- Research and Development Department, Kerman branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Herrera G, Vega L, Camargo A, Patarroyo MA, Ramírez JD, Muñoz M. Acquisition site-based remodelling of Clostridium perfringens- and Clostridioides difficile-related gut microbiota. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 102:102074. [PMID: 37832162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic sporulating bacillus which can infect several hosts, thereby being considered the causative agent of many gut illnesses. Some studies have suggested that C. perfringens's virulence factors may negatively affect gut microbiota homeostasis by decreasing beneficial bacteria; however, studies have failed to evaluate the simultaneous presence of other pathogenic bacteria, such as C. difficile (another sporulating bacillus known to play a role in gut microbiota imbalance). Conscious of the lack of compelling data, this work has ascertained how such microorganisms' coexistence can be associated with a variation in gut microbiota composition, compared to that of C. perfringens colonisation. METHODS PCR was thus used for identifying C. perfringens and C. difficile in 98 samples. Amplicon-based sequencing of 16S- and 18S-rRNA genes' V4 hypervariable region from such samples was used for determining the microbiota's taxonomical composition and diversity. RESULTS Small differences were observed in bacterial communities' taxonomic composition and diversity; such imbalance was mainly associated with groups having hospital-acquired diarrhoea. CONCLUSION The alterations reported herein may have been influenced by C. difficile and diarrhoea acquisition site, despite C. perfringens' ability to cause alterations in microbiota due to its virulence factors. Our findings highlight the need for a holistic view of gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología -UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Laura Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología -UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Anny Camargo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología -UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia; Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C. 111321, Colombia; Health Sciences Division, Main Campus, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología -UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología -UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fresno AH, Alencar ALF, Liu G, Wridt MW, Andersen FB, Pedersen HS, Martin HL, Nielsen SS, Aabo S, Olsen JE, Jensen AN. Effect of feeding dairy calves with milk fermented with selected probiotic strains on occurrence of diarrhoea, carriage of pathogenic and zoonotic microorganisms and growth performance. Vet Microbiol 2023; 286:109885. [PMID: 37812833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Calf-diarrhoea is a major health problem in dairy calves and a primary reason for use of antimicrobials. We aimed to investigate the effect of feeding milk fermented with a combination of four probiotic bacterial strains to young-calves on; occurrence of diarrhoea and associated-pathogens (bacteria, virus and parasites), shedding of Salmonella Dublin and Campylobacter, occurrence of virulence genes linked to Clostridium perfringens, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC), as well as growth performance. For this, 143 new-born calves from three Danish dairy-farms were allocated into Treatment- (fed the fermented milk for the first 8-weeks-of-life) and Control-groups (fed regular farm-milk). Diarrhoea was observed in 18.6 % (Farm 1), 22.4 % (Farm 2) and 15.7 % (Farm 3) of the total registrations mainly within the first 3-weeks-of-life. C. perfringens was the most frequently detected pathogen. The treatment did not affect the occurrence of virulence genes linked to STEC and C. perfringens and, overall, their detection levels were very low/undetected. The statistical model applied found no significant effect of the treatment on prevalence of early-diarrhoea (≤ 3 weeks), late-diarrhoea (>3 weeks), occurrence of C. perfringens and Cryptosporidium parvum or levels of Campylobacter spp. Limited detection of the other pathogens and associated virulence-genes under study, did not allow for assessment of the impact of the treatment on their occurrence. Notably, the feeding-approach showed a significant detrimental effect on daily-weight-gain. The inefficacy of the treatment may be associated with the complexity of influencing factors under field conditions including management practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero Fresno
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Luiza Farias Alencar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qinddao 266109, China
| | - Mathilde Weinreich Wridt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Aabo
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annette Nygaard Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xuan G, Zhao G, Wang Y, Su Q, Wang J, Lin H. Complete genome analysis and biological characterization of a novel phage vB_CP_qdyz_P5 with lytic activity against Clostridium perfringens. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106279. [PMID: 37549798 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens, a common foodborne pathogen, exhibit high-stress resistance. The prevailing reliance on antibiotics in the farming industry for its prevention and control has led to increasing concerns over antibiotic residue and bacterial resistance. Bacteriophages that possess specific lytic activity against C. perfringens are of significant interest. Here, a novel C. perfringens phage, named vB_CP_qdyz_P5, was isolated and characterized. The phage displayed high stability at temperatures below 70 °C and pH levels ranging from 4 to 12. Genome analysis revealed that vB_CP_qdyz_P5 has a double-stand DNA of 18,888 bp with a G + C composition of 28.8%. Among the 27 identified opening reading frames (ORFs), eight were found to be functional genes. BLASTn analysis showed that vB_CP_qdyz_P5 is closely related to phage DCp1, with a genome homology coverage of 83%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that vB_CP_qdyz_P5 may be a novel phage of the family Guelinviridae, Susfortunavirus. This study provides important preliminary information for further research on the potential use of vB_CP_qdyz_P5 in protecting against C. perfringens and maintaining intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xuan
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qiao Su
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Hong Lin
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aono R, Emi S, Okabe-Watanabe K, Nariya H, Matsunaga N, Hitsumoto Y, Katayama S. Autolysin as a fibronectin receptor on the cell surface of Clostridium perfringens. Anaerobe 2023; 83:102769. [PMID: 37544355 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clostridium perfringens causes food poisoning and gas gangrene, a serious wound-associated infection. C. perfringens cells adhere to collagen via fibronectin (Fn). We investigated whether the peptidoglycan hydrolase of C. perfringens, i.e., autolysin (Acp), is implicated in Fn binding to C. perfringens cells. METHODS This study used recombinant Acp fragments, human Fn and knockout mutants (C. perfringens 13 acp::erm and HN13 ΔfbpC ΔfbpD). Ligand blotting, Western blotting analysis, and complementation tests were performed. The Fn-binding activity of each mutant was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS From an Fn-binding assay using recombinant Acp fragments, Fn was found to bind to the catalytic domain of Acp. In mutant cells lacking Acp, Fn binding was significantly decreased, but was restored by the complementation of the acp gene. There are three known kinds of Fn-binding proteins in C. perfringens: FbpC, FbpD, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. We found no difference in Fn-binding activity between the mutant cells lacking both FbpC and FbpD (SAK3 cells) and the wild-type cells, indicating that these Fn-binding proteins are not involved in Fn binding to C. perfringens cells. CONCLUSIONS We found that the Acp is an Fn-binding protein that acts as an Fn receptor on the surface of C. perfringens cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riyo Aono
- Department of Material Science, School of Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shogo Emi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Kanako Okabe-Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nariya
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza-shi, Saitama, 352-8510, Japan
| | - Nozomu Matsunaga
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hitsumoto
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Seiichi Katayama
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jaramillo-Jaramillo AS, Coulson TJD, Hofacre C, Jones M, O'Neill L, Nguyen N, Labbe A. Effect of in-water administration of quorum system inhibitors in broilers' productive performance and intestinal microbiome in a mild necrotic enteritis challenge. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:309-322. [PMID: 37485826 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2224260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The poultry industry has been facing the impact of necrotic enteritis (NE), a disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens producing the haemolytic toxin NetB. NE severity may vary from mild clinical to prominent enteric signs causing reduced growth rates and affecting feed conversion ratio. NetB production is controlled by the Agr-like quorum-sensing (QS) system, which coordinates virulence gene expression in response to bacterial cell density. In this study, the peptide-containing cell-free spent media (CFSM) from Enterococcus faecium was tested in NE challenged broilers in two battery cage and one floor pen studies. Results showed a significant reduction of NE mortality. Metagenomic sequencing of the jejunum microbiome revealed no impact of the CFSM on the microbial community, and growth of C. perfringens was unaffected by CFSM in vitro. The expression of QS-controlled virulence genes netB, plc and pfoA was found to be significantly repressed by CFSM during the mid-logarithmic stage of C. perfringens growth and this corresponded with a significant decrease in haemolytic activity. Purified fractions of CFSM containing bioactive peptides were found to cause reduced haemolysis. These results showed that bioactive peptides reduce NE mortality in broilers by interfering with the QS system of C. perfringens and reducing bacterial virulence. Furthermore, the microbiome of C. perfringens-challenged broilers is not affected by quorum sensing inhibitor containing CFSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Hofacre
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., Watkinsville, GA, USA
| | - M Jones
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., Watkinsville, GA, USA
| | - L O'Neill
- MicroSintesis Inc., Victoria, P.E.I. Canada
| | - N Nguyen
- MicroSintesis Inc., Victoria, P.E.I. Canada
| | - A Labbe
- MicroSintesis Inc., Victoria, P.E.I. Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu B, Shaoyong W, Wang L, Yang C, Chen T, Jiang X, Yan R, Jiang Z, Zhang P, Jin M, Wang Y. Gut-targeted nanoparticles deliver specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides against Clostridium perfringens infections. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf8782. [PMID: 37774026 PMCID: PMC10541502 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides (STAMPs) are novel alternatives to antibiotics, whereas the development of STAMPs for colonic infections is hindered by limited de novo design efficiency and colonic bioavailability. In this study, we report an efficient de novo STAMP design strategy that combines a traversal design, machine learning model, and phage display technology to identify STAMPs against Clostridium perfringens. STAMPs could physically damage C. perfringens, eliminate biofilms, and self-assemble into nanoparticles to entrap pathogens. Further, a gut-targeted engineering particle vaccine (EPV) was used for STAMPs delivery. In vivo studies showed that both STAMP and EPV@STAMP effectively limited C. perfringens infections and then reduced inflammatory response. Notably, EPV@STAMP exhibited stronger protection against colonic infections than STAMPs alone. Moreover, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that both STAMPs and EPV@STAMP facilitated the recovery of disturbed gut microflora. Collectively, our work may accelerate the development of the discovery and delivery of precise antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weike Shaoyong
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Tingjun Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu J, Wu S, Zhao H, Ye C, Fu S, Liu Y, Liu T, Qiu Y. Baicalin-aluminum alleviates necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens by inhibiting virulence factors expression of Clostridium perfringens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1243819. [PMID: 37818042 PMCID: PMC10561085 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1243819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens type A is the main cause of necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens. Since the use of antibiotics in feed is withdrawn, it is imperative to find out suitable alternatives to control NE. Baicalin-aluminum complex is synthesized from baicalin, a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The present study investigated the effects of baicalin-aluminum on the virulence-associated traits and virulence genes expression of C. perfringens CVCC2030, it also evaluated the in vivo therapeutic effect on NE. The results showed that baicalin-aluminum inhibited bacterial hemolytic activity, diminished biofilm formation, attenuated cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells, downregulated the expression of genes encoding for clostridial toxins and extracellular enzymes such as alpha toxin (CPA), perfringolysin O (PFO), collagenase (ColA), and sialidases (NanI, NanJ). Additionally, baicalin-aluminum was found to negatively regulate the expression of genes involved in quorum sensing (QS) communication, including genes of Agr QS system (agrB, agrD) and genes of VirS/R two-component regulatory system (virS, virR). In vivo experiments, baicalin-aluminum lightened the intestinal lesions and histological damage, it inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) expression in the jejunal and ileal tissues. Besides, baicalin-aluminum alleviated the upregulation of C. perfringens and Escherichia coli and raised the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the ileal digesta. This study suggests that baicalin-aluminum may be a potential candidate against C. perfringens infection by inhibiting the virulence-associated traits and virulence genes expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangqi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Honghao Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin Q, Cao Y, Han G, Sun W, Weng W, Chen H, Wang H, Kong J. Programmable Clostridium perfringens Argonaute-Based, One-Pot Assay for the Multiplex Detection of miRNAs. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13401-13406. [PMID: 37565811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Assays for the molecular detection of miRNAs are typically constrained by the level of multiplexing, especially in a single tube. Here, we report a general and programmable diagnostic platform by combining mesophilic Clostridium perfringens Argonaute (CpAgo) with exponential isothermal amplification (EXPAR), which is a dual-signal amplification strategy, allowing for the rapid and sensitive detection of multiple miRNAs with single-nucleotide discrimination in one pot. The CpAgo-based One-Pot (COP) assay achieved a limit of detection of 1 zM miRNA within 30 min of turnaround time and a wide concentration range. This COP assay was applied to simultaneously detect four miRNAs in a single tube from clinical serum samples, showing superior analytical performance in distinguishing colorectal cancer patients from healthy individuals. This programmable, one-pot, multiplex, rapid, and specific strategy offers great promise in scientific research and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Guobin Han
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200090 Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Liang J, Li JW, Xing LH, Li FX, Wang N, Wu YJ, Ma YZ, Xing ZR, Jiang X, Zhang XY, Lei ZX, Wang X, Yu SX. Phagocyte extracellular traps formation contributes to host defense against Clostridium perfringens infection. Cytokine 2023; 169:156276. [PMID: 37339556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is an important Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming pathogen that provokes life-threatening gas gangrene and acute enterotoxaemia, although it colonizes as a component of the symbiotic bacteria in humans and animals. However, the mechanisms by which C. perfringens is cleared from the host remains poorly understood, thereby impeding the development of novel strategies for control this infection. Here, we uncover a beneficial effect of extracellular traps (ETs) formation on bacterial killing and clearance by phagocytes. C. perfringens strain ATCC13124, and wild-type isolates CP1 and CP3 markedly trigger ETs formation in macrophages and neutrophils. As expected, visualization of DNA decorated with histone, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophils elastase (NE) in C. perfringens-triggered classical ETs structures. Notably, the bacteria-induced ETs formation is an ERK1/2-, P38 MAPK-, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE)-, NADPH oxidase-, histone-, NE-, and MPO-dependent process, and is independent of LDH activity. Meanwhile, the defect of bactericidal activity is mediated by impairing ETs formation in phagocytes. Moreover, In vivo studies indicated that degradation of ETs by DNase I administration leads to a defect in the protection against experimental gas gangrene, with higher mortality rates, exacerbated tissue damage, and more bacterial colonization. Together, these results suggest that phagocyte ETs formation is essential for the host defense against C. perfringens infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; Animal Husbandry Institute, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Jian-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Li-Hua Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Fen-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yu-Ze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Zhao-Rui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Zheng-Xuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Shui-Xing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu K, Li Z, Fang M, Yuan Y, Fox EM, Liu Y, Li R, Bai L, Zhang W, Zhang WM, Yang Q, Chang L, Li P, Wang X, Wang J, Yang Z. Genome characteristics of the optrA-positive Clostridium perfringens strain QHY-2 carrying a novel plasmid type. mSystems 2023; 8:e0053523. [PMID: 37458450 PMCID: PMC10469678 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00535-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a bacterial species of importance to both public and animal health. The gene optrA is the first gene that confers resistance to the tedizolid, a last-resort antimicrobial agent in human medicine. Herein, we whole-genome sequenced and analyzed one optrA-positive C. perfringens strain QHY-2 from Tibetan sheep in Qinghai province and identified one optrA plasmid pQHY-2. The plasmid shared similar structure with the optrA-positive plasmids p2C45 and p21-D-5b previously identified in C. perfringens, demonstrating the potential horizontal transmission of the optrA plasmids among C. perfringens strains. Annotation of the optrA-positive plasmids showed optrA and erm(A) located on a segment flanked by IS element IS1216E, and fexA, optrA, and erm(A) located on a segment flanked by IS element ISVlu1, which revealed the possible dissemination mechanism. Additionally, a Tn6218-like transposon carrying aac(6')-aph(2″) and erm(B) was also detected on pQHY-2, demonstrating the transposition of Tn6218 and spread of antibiotic resistance among Clostridium bacteria. Molecular analysis indicated the optrA-positive plasmids belonged to a plasmid type distinct from the pCW3-like plasmids, pCP13-like plasmids, or pIP404-like plasmids. Further structure analysis showed they might be formed by inserting segments into plasmid pCPCPI53k-r1_1, which coexist with two pCW3-like plasmids and one pCP13-like plasmid in C. perfringens strain CPI 53k-r1 isolated from a healthy human in Finland. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is now a global concern posing threats to food safety and public health. The pCW3-like plasmids can encode several main toxin genes and three antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetA(P), tetB(P), and erm(B), which used to be considered as the main carrier of ARGs in Clostridium perfringens. In this study, we found the optrA plasmids, which belonged to a novel plasmid type, could also harbor many other ARGs, indicating this type of plasmid might be the potential repository of ARGs in C. perfringens. Additionally, this type of plasmid could coexist with the pCW3-like plasmids and pCP13-like plasmids that encoded toxin genes associated with gastrointestinal diseases, which showed the potential threat to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Junan, China
| | - Mingjin Fang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Edward M. Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Bai
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wei-Min Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lingling Chang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Madeeha Tariq , Aftab Ahmad Anjum , Tehreem Ali , Mian Muhammad Khubaib Sattar , Rabia Manzoor . Characterization of quinolones resistant Clostridium perfringens toxinotype D. Pak J Pharm Sci 2023; 36:1203-1209. [PMID: 37599496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens toxins play role in causing pulpy kidney disease poisoning as well enterotoxaemia. To combat antimicrobial resistance: curbing use, regulations and execution to antimicrobial usage in food along with withdrawal period is necessary. Aim of study was to optimize the toxins production by indigenously characterized C. perfringens type D isolates (n=03) under various physicochemical parameters, a lead towards local vaccine production in Pakistan. Indigenous isolates were characterized on the basis of 16S rRNA and MW349974.1, MW341428.1, MW332258.1 accession numbers were received from NCBI GenBank. Isolates were identified as toxinotype D through PCR toxinotyping. Quinolones antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that isolates observed susceptible to enrofloxacin and resistant to ciprofloxacillin and ofloxacillin. Optimization of toxins production was determined under the influence of physical and chemical parameters. Alpha and epsilon toxin production in reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) broth was observed higher at 37°C after 24h incubation by MW332258.1. Under the influence of 0.2% glucose and 0.3% tween 80 supplementation in RCM, greater production of alpha and epsilon toxin units was observed by MW332258.1. Under optimized physicochemical parameters, maximum toxins units were observed; MW332258.1 isolate is excellent candidate could be used to produce maximum toxin units for vaccine production at industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- - Madeeha Tariq
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - - Tehreem Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - - Rabia Manzoor
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alimolaei M, Shamsaddini Bafti M. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Toxinotypes F & G in Diarrhoeic Sheep ( Ovis aries) Flocks in Southeast of Iran. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:1159-1168. [PMID: 38028824 PMCID: PMC10657943 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2023.360450.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Clostridial enteric diseases, called enterotoxemia, are caused by Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes in sheep and other ruminants. This study aimed to describe the molecular characterization of C. perfringens isolates in diarrhoeic sheep (Ovis aries) flocks in the southeast of Iran. Fecal/intestinal samples were collected from diarrhoeic (n=116), dead (n= 13), and healthy (n=63) sheep over four years (2016-2020) and subjected to bacteriological and molecular examinations. The C. perfringens isolates were typed by polymerase chain reaction targeting genes, namely 16SrRNA, CPA, CPB, ETX, IAP, CPE, and NetB. The overall prevalence of C. perfringens was 28.6% among the studied sheep, and there was a significant relationship between its isolation rate and diarrhea (P<0.001). The C. perfringens isolation rate also decreased with animal age (P=0.012) and was significantly higher in late winter and spring (P=0.000). The most prevalent toxinotypes were types A (52.4%), D (22.2%), and F (18.5%), in that order. Moreover, C, G, and B types were found in 4.2%, 1.6%, and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively, and no type E was detected. The CPE gene was detected in 32.3% of all isolates, and the diarrhoeic sheep were most likely to yield CPE+ strains of C. perfringens (93.1%). These findings highlight the importance of CPE+ strains of C. perfringens in sheep enteritis and suggest that the high presence of type F needs to be considered in new clostridial vaccines containing this toxinotype. It is noteworthy that the present study reported the isolation of C. perfringens type F, type G, and the CPE+ strains of type B from diarrhoeic sheep for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alimolaei
- Research and Development Department, Kerman Branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran
| | - M Shamsaddini Bafti
- Department of Anaerobic Bacterial Vaccine Research and Production, Kerman Branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Li J, Navarro MA, Mendonça FS, Uzal FA, McClane BA. Identification of orphan histidine kinases that impact sporulation and enterotoxin production by Clostridium perfringens type F strain SM101 in a pathophysiologically-relevant ex vivo mouse intestinal contents model. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011429. [PMID: 37262083 PMCID: PMC10263361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When causing food poisoning or antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium perfringens type F strains must sporulate to produce C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) in the intestines. C. perfringens is thought to use some of its seven annotated orphan histidine kinases to phosphorylate Spo0A and initiate sporulation and CPE production. We previously demonstrated the CPR0195 orphan kinase, but not the putative CPR1055 orphan kinase, is important when type F strain SM101 initiates sporulation and CPE production in modified Duncan-Strong (MDS) sporulation medium. Since there is no small animal model for C. perfringens sporulation, the current study used diluted mouse intestinal contents (MIC) to develop an ex vivo sporulation model and employed this model to test sporulation and CPE production by SM101 CPR0195 and CPR1055 null mutants in a pathophysiologically-relevant context. Surprisingly, both mutants still sporulated and produced CPE at wild-type levels in MIC. Therefore, five single null mutants were constructed that cannot produce one of the previously-unstudied putative orphan kinases of SM101. Those mutants implicated CPR1316, CPR1493, CPR1953 and CPR1954 in sporulation and CPE production by SM101 MDS cultures. Phosphorylation activity was necessary for CPR1316, CPR1493, CPR1953 and CPR1954 to affect sporulation in those MDS cultures, supporting their identity as kinases. Importantly, only the CPR1953 or CPR1954 null mutants exhibited significantly reduced levels of sporulation and CPE production in MIC cultures. These phenotypes were reversible by complementation. Characterization studies suggested that, in MDS or MIC, the CPR1953 and CPR1954 mutants produce less Spo0A than wild-type SM101. In addition, the CPR1954 mutant exhibited little or no Spo0A phosphorylation in MDS cultures. These studies, i) highlight the importance of using pathophysiologically-relevant models to investigate C. perfringens sporulation and CPE production in a disease context and ii) link the CPR1953 and CPR1954 kinases to C. perfringens sporulation and CPE production in disease-relevant conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, California, United States of America
| | - Fábio S. Mendonça
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, California, United States of America
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. McClane
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kiu R, Shaw AG, Sim K, Acuna-Gonzalez A, Price CA, Bedwell H, Dreger SA, Fowler WJ, Cornwell E, Pickard D, Belteki G, Malsom J, Phillips S, Young GR, Schofield Z, Alcon-Giner C, Berrington JE, Stewart CJ, Dougan G, Clarke P, Douce G, Robinson SD, Kroll JS, Hall LJ. Particular genomic and virulence traits associated with preterm infant-derived toxigenic Clostridium perfringens strains. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1160-1175. [PMID: 37231089 PMCID: PMC10234813 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic toxin-producing bacterium associated with intestinal diseases, particularly in neonatal humans and animals. Infant gut microbiome studies have recently indicated a link between C. perfringens and the preterm infant disease necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), with specific NEC cases associated with overabundant C. perfringens termed C. perfringens-associated NEC (CPA-NEC). In the present study, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of 272 C. perfringens isolates from 70 infants across 5 hospitals in the United Kingdom. In this retrospective analysis, we performed in-depth genomic analyses (virulence profiling, strain tracking and plasmid analysis) and experimentally characterized pathogenic traits of 31 strains, including 4 from CPA-NEC patients. We found that the gene encoding toxin perfringolysin O, pfoA, was largely deficient in a human-derived hypovirulent lineage, as well as certain colonization factors, in contrast to typical pfoA-encoding virulent lineages. We determined that infant-associated pfoA+ strains caused significantly more cellular damage than pfoA- strains in vitro, and further confirmed this virulence trait in vivo using an oral-challenge C57BL/6 murine model. These findings suggest both the importance of pfoA+ C. perfringens as a gut pathogen in preterm infants and areas for further investigation, including potential intervention and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kiu
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Kathleen Sim
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Harley Bedwell
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Sally A Dreger
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Wesley J Fowler
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Emma Cornwell
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Derek Pickard
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gusztav Belteki
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Malsom
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Sarah Phillips
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Gregory R Young
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Zoe Schofield
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Janet E Berrington
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Neonatal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Neonatal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Clarke
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Gillian Douce
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen D Robinson
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J Simon Kroll
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
- Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ma Y, Sannino D, Linden JR, Haigh S, Zhao B, Grigg JB, Zumbo P, Dündar F, Butler D, Profaci CP, Telesford K, Winokur PN, Rumah KR, Gauthier SA, Fischetti VA, McClane BA, Uzal FA, Zexter L, Mazzucco M, Rudick R, Danko D, Balmuth E, Nealon N, Perumal J, Kaunzner U, Brito IL, Chen Z, Xiang JZ, Betel D, Daneman R, Sonnenberg GF, Mason CE, Vartanian T. Epsilon toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens colonize the multiple sclerosis gut microbiome overcoming CNS immune privilege. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163239. [PMID: 36853799 PMCID: PMC10145940 DOI: 10.1172/jci163239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the CNS thought to require an environmental trigger. Gut dysbiosis is common in MS, but specific causative species are unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used sensitive and quantitative PCR detection to show that people with MS were more likely to harbor and show a greater abundance of epsilon toxin-producing (ETX-producing) strains of C. perfringens within their gut microbiomes compared with individuals who are healthy controls (HCs). Isolates derived from patients with MS produced functional ETX and had a genetic architecture typical of highly conjugative plasmids. In the active immunization model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), where pertussis toxin (PTX) is used to overcome CNS immune privilege, ETX can substitute for PTX. In contrast to PTX-induced EAE, where inflammatory demyelination is largely restricted to the spinal cord, ETX-induced EAE caused demyelination in the corpus callosum, thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord, more akin to the neuroanatomical lesion distribution seen in MS. CNS endothelial cell transcriptional profiles revealed ETX-induced genes that are known to play a role in overcoming CNS immune privilege. Together, these findings suggest that ETX-producing C. perfringens strains are biologically plausible pathogens in MS that trigger inflammatory demyelination in the context of circulating myelin autoreactive lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Ma
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Baohua Zhao
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute
| | - John B. Grigg
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program and
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Friederike Dündar
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Butler
- Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caterina P. Profaci
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Paige N. Winokur
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuro-endocrinology and
| | - Kareem R. Rumah
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan A. Gauthier
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce A. McClane
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lily Zexter
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - David Danko
- Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nancy Nealon
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jai Perumal
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ulrike Kaunzner
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilana L. Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, and
| | - Jenny Z. Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Core Laboratories Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Daneman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gregory F. Sonnenberg
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program and
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute
- Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy Vartanian
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program and
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Obana N. [Study on biofilm formation and heterogeneity in Clostridium perfringens]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2023; 78:159-165. [PMID: 37690815 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.78.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Many bacteria form biofilms and survive in the actual environment. Biofilms are not only a major form of bacteria but are also involved in tolerance to environmental stresses and antibiotics, suggesting the association with bacterial pathogenesis. Cells within biofilms display phenotypic heterogeneity; thus, even bacteria, unicellular organisms, can functionally differentiate and show multicellular behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to understand bacteria as a population to control their survival and pathogenesis in the actual environment. Previously, we found that Clostridium perfringens, an anaerobic pathogenic bacterium, form different structures in different temperatures and phenotypic heterogeneity on biofilm matrix gene expression within the biofilm. In this article, I summarize the results of our research on biofilms and their heterogeneity, the mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene expression regulation of virulence genes, and bacteria-host interactions mediated by extracellular membrane vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Obana
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dorca-Arévalo J, Gómez de Aranda I, Blasi J. New Mutants of Epsilon Toxin from Clostridium perfringens with an Altered Receptor-Binding Site and Cell-Type Specificity. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040288. [PMID: 35448898 PMCID: PMC9031233 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (Etx) from Clostridium perfringens is the third most potent toxin after the botulinum and tetanus toxins. Etx is the main agent of enterotoxemia in ruminants and is produced by Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes B and D, causing great economic losses. Etx selectively binds to target cells, oligomerizes and inserts into the plasma membrane, and forms pores. A series of mutants have been previously generated to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the toxin and to obtain valid molecular tools for effective vaccination protocols. Here, two new non-toxic Etx mutants were generated by selective deletions in the binding (Etx-ΔS188-F196) or insertion (Etx-ΔV108-F135) domains of the toxin. As expected, our results showed that Etx-ΔS188-F196 did not exhibit the usual Etx binding pattern but surprisingly recognized specifically an O-glycoprotein present in the proximal tubules of the kidneys in a wide range of animals, including ruminants. Although diminished, Etx-ΔV108-F135 maintained the capacity for binding and even oligomerization, indicating that the mutation particularly affected the pore-forming ability of the toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Dorca-Arévalo
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.G.d.A.); (J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Inmaculada Gómez de Aranda
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.G.d.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Juan Blasi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.G.d.A.); (J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang S, Tian Y, Wang Y, García P, Liu B, Lu R, Wu L, Bao H, Pang M, Zhou Y, Wang R, Zhang H. The Broad Host Range Phage vB_CpeS_BG3P Is Able to Inhibit Clostridium perfringens Growth. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040676. [PMID: 35458406 PMCID: PMC9033094 DOI: 10.3390/v14040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen for both humans and animals, causing human foodborne disease and necrotic enteritis in poultry. In the present study, a C. perfringens-specific phage, vB_CpeS_BG3P (designated as BG3P hereafter), was isolated from chicken farm sewage. Both electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis suggested that phage BG3P is a novel phage belonging to Siphoviridae family. Phage BG3P exhibited a broad host range against different C. perfringens isolates (90.63% of strains were infected). Sequencing of the complete genome revealed a linear double-stranded DNA (43,528 bp) with 28.65% GC content. After sequence analysis, 73 open reading frames (orfs) were predicted, of which only 13 were annotated with known functions. No tRNA and virulence encoding genes were detected. It should be noted that the protein of orf 15 has 97.92% homology to C. perfringens-specific chloramphenicol resistance protein, which has not been reported for any C. perfringens phage. Phylogenetic analysis of the ssDNA binding protein demonstrated that this phage is closely related to C. perfringens phages phiSM101 and phi3626. In considering future use as an antimicrobial agent, some biological characteristics were observed, such as a good pH (3−11) stability and moderate temperature tolerance (<60 °C). Moreover, bacteriophage BG3P showed a good antimicrobial effect against C. perfringens liquid cultures. Thus, phage treatment with MOI ≥ 100 completely inhibited bacterial growth compared to untreated cultures. Although phage BG3P shows good lytic efficiency and broad host range in vitro, future development and application may need to consider removal of the chloramphenicol-like resistance gene or exploring its lysin for future antibacterial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Yuan Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yongjuan Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Pilar García
- Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain;
| | - Banhong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Hongduo Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Maoda Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84391627; Fax: +86-25-84391617
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vidor CJ, Hamiot A, Wisniewski J, Mathias RA, Dupuy B, Awad M, Lyras D. A Highly Specific Holin-Mediated Mechanism Facilitates the Secretion of Lethal Toxin TcsL in Paeniclostridium sordellii. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020124. [PMID: 35202151 PMCID: PMC8878733 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion is generally mediated by a series of distinct pathways in bacteria. Recently, evidence of a novel bacterial secretion pathway involving a bacteriophage-related protein has emerged. TcdE, a holin-like protein encoded by toxigenic isolates of Clostridioides difficile, mediates the release of the large clostridial glucosylating toxins (LCGTs), TcdA and TcdB, and TpeL from C. perfringens uses another holin-like protein, TpeE, for its secretion; however, it is not yet known if TcdE or TpeE secretion is specific to these proteins. It is also unknown if other members of the LCGT-producing clostridia, including Paeniclostridium sordellii (previously Clostridium sordellii), use a similar toxin-release mechanism. Here, we confirm that each of the LCGT-producing clostridia encode functional holin-like proteins in close proximity to the toxin genes. To characterise the respective roles of these holin-like proteins in the release of the LCGTs, P. sordellii and its lethal toxin, TcsL, were used as a model. Construction and analysis of mutants of the P. sordellii tcsE (holin-like) gene demonstrated that TcsE plays a significant role in TcsL release. Proteomic analysis of the secretome from the tcsE mutant confirmed that TcsE is required for efficient TcsL secretion. Unexpectedly, comparative sample analysis showed that TcsL was the only protein significantly altered in its release, suggesting that this holin-like protein has specifically evolved to function in the release of this important virulence factor. This specificity has, to our knowledge, not been previously shown and suggests that this protein may function as part of a specific mechanism for the release of all LCGTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callum J. Vidor
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Audrey Hamiot
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, UMR-CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (A.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Jessica Wisniewski
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Rommel A. Mathias
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bruno Dupuy
- Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, UMR-CNRS 6047, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (A.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Milena Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (C.J.V.); (J.W.); (R.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xie K, Yan Z, Wang W, Luo R, Gao X, Wang P, Yang Q, Huang X, Zhang J, Yang J, Gun S. ssc-microRNA-132 targets DACH1 to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin-treated porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 127:104270. [PMID: 34582881 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C (CPC) is one of the chief pathogens that causes diarrhea in piglets, and C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin is the main virulence factor of CPC. Our previous research demonstrated that ssc-microR-132 was differentially expressed in ileal tissues of CPC-mediated diarrheic piglets and healthy piglets, which implied a potential role of ssc-microR-132 in this process. Here, we found that ssc-microR-132 was notably down-regulated in CPB2-exposed intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), which was consistent with the ileal tissue expression. Moreover, ssc-microR-132 upregulation alleviated CPB2-induced inflammatory damage and apoptosis in IPEC-J2, whereas ssc-microR-132 knockdown presented the opposite effects. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that ssc-microR-132 directly targeted Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1). Moreover, DACH1 overexpression intensified CPB2-induced inflammatory injury and apoptosis in IPEC-J2. Remarkably, the introduction of DACH1 weakened the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ssc-microR-132 in CPB2-exposed IPEC-J2. Overall, the results reveal that ssc-microR-132 targeted DACH1 to alleviate CPB2-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC-J2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ruirui Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China; Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Beier LS, Piontek J, Piontek A, Protze J, Kobelt D, Walther W. Claudin-Targeted Suicide Gene Therapy for Claudin-Overexpressing Tumor Cells by Using Modified Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2521:173-188. [PMID: 35732998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2441-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins gain growing attention as potential cancer treatment due to their potent cytotoxic effects. Among the very different toxins with diverse modes of action, the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is in focus to treat solid cancers. This toxin targets the tight junction proteins claudin-3 and -4 (Cldn-3/4), which are frequently overexpressed in solid cancers. Binding to these claudins induces pore formation in the host cell plasma membrane leading to rapid oncoleaking cell death of tumor cells. Based on this, extending the targeting of CPE beyond Cldn-3/4 is of interest, since other claudins, such as claudin-1 or -5 are often overexpressed in various cancer entities such as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or papillary thyroid carcinoma. In this chapter we describe the modification of a CPE-encoding vector by structure-directed mutagenesis to either preferentially target Cldn-1 and -5 or to expand targeting to Cldn1-9 for improved broadened cytotoxic targeting of claudin-overexpressing tumors such as but not limited to lung cancer via CPE gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Sophie Beier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Piontek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Piontek
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Protze
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mehdizadeh Gohari I, A. Navarro M, Li J, Shrestha A, Uzal F, A. McClane B. Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium perfringens. Virulence 2021; 12:723-753. [PMID: 33843463 PMCID: PMC8043184 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1886777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an extremely versatile pathogen of humans and livestock, causing wound infections like gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), enteritis/enterocolitis (including one of the most common human food-borne illnesses), and enterotoxemia (where toxins produced in the intestine are absorbed and damage distant organs such as the brain). The virulence of this Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobe is largely attributable to its copious toxin production; the diverse actions and roles in infection of these toxins are now becoming established. Most C. perfringens toxin genes are encoded on conjugative plasmids, including the pCW3-like and the recently discovered pCP13-like plasmid families. Production of C. perfringens toxins is highly regulated via processes involving two-component regulatory systems, quorum sensing and/or sporulation-related alternative sigma factors. Non-toxin factors, such as degradative enzymes like sialidases, are also now being implicated in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These factors can promote toxin action in vitro and, perhaps in vivo, and also enhance C. perfringens intestinal colonization, e.g. NanI sialidase increases C. perfringens adherence to intestinal tissue and generates nutrients for its growth, at least in vitro. The possible virulence contributions of many other factors, such as adhesins, the capsule and biofilms, largely await future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Archana Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A. McClane
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abdel-Glil MY, Thomas P, Linde J, Jolley KA, Harmsen D, Wieler LH, Neubauer H, Seyboldt C. Establishment of a Publicly Available Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Clostridium perfringens. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0053321. [PMID: 34704797 PMCID: PMC8549748 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00533-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming anaerobic pathogen responsible for a variety of histotoxic and intestinal infections in humans and animals. High-resolution genotyping aiming to identify bacteria at strain level has become increasingly important in modern microbiology to understand pathogen transmission pathways and to tackle infection sources. This study aimed at establishing a publicly available genome-wide multilocus sequence-typing (MLST) scheme for C. perfringens. A total of 1,431 highly conserved core genes (1.34 megabases; 50% of the reference genome genes) were indexed for a core genome-based MLST (cgMLST) scheme for C. perfringens. The scheme was applied to 282 ecologically and geographically diverse genomes, showing that the genotyping results of cgMLST were highly congruent with the core genome-based single-nucleotide-polymorphism typing in terms of resolution and tree topology. In addition, the cgMLST provided a greater discrimination than classical MLST methods for C. perfringens. The usability of the scheme for outbreak analysis was confirmed by reinvestigating published outbreaks of C. perfringens-associated infections in the United States and the United Kingdom. In summary, a publicly available scheme and an allele nomenclature database for genomic typing of C. perfringens have been established and can be used for broad-based and standardized epidemiological studies. IMPORTANCE Global epidemiological surveillance of bacterial pathogens is enhanced by the availability of standard tools and sharing of typing data. The use of whole-genome sequencing has opened the possibility for high-resolution characterization of bacterial strains down to the clonal and subclonal levels. Core genome multilocus sequence typing is a robust system that uses highly conserved core genes for deep genotyping. The method has been successfully and widely used to describe the epidemiology of various bacterial species. Nevertheless, a cgMLST typing scheme for Clostridium perfringens is currently not publicly available. In this study, we (i) developed a cgMLST typing scheme for C. perfringens, (ii) evaluated the performance of the scheme on different sets of C. perfringens genomes from different hosts and geographic regions as well as from different outbreak situations, and, finally, (iii) made this scheme publicly available supported by an allele nomenclature database for global and standard genomic typing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Y. Abdel-Glil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Keith A. Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dag Harmsen
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Seyboldt
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hayati M, Tahamtan Y. Toxin typing of Clostridium perfringens Associated with Enterotoxaemia in Sheep in Fars Province. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 76:691-697. [PMID: 34824761 PMCID: PMC8605852 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2020.343573.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is implicated in the etiology of some diseases including fatal enterotoxaemia. Determining dominant toxin types of this microorganism can be helpful in epidemiologic surveys and the formulation of more proper vaccines. To understand the pathogenicity of this bacterium, it seems necessary to describe the toxin and virulence genes content of strains involved in enterotoxaemia and other associated diseases. The current study aimed to isolate and type the toxins of C. perfringens in sheep with suspected enterotoxaemia in Fars province by culture-PCR and ELISA methods and to compare them to isolates of a healthy group. Samples of intestinal contents were collected from enterotoxaemia cases and a healthy group of sheep. The presence of alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins were evaluated by ELISA method. After culture and isolation of C. perfringens, toxin typing and screening of isolates for the presence of beta-2 and enterotoxin were performed by PCR method. C. perfringens was isolated from 102 of 167 suspected enterotoxaemia cases of sheep and from 22 of 50 healthy sheep. The PCR results showed that type A was the most prevalent toxin type in both groups, but according to ELISA type D was the dominant toxin type in the clinical group. The enterotoxin gene was detected in 10% of all isolates from healthy and suspected group isolates of types A and D. The beta-2 gene was identified in 35% and 63.6% of enterotoxaemia-associated isolates and isolates not associated with disease, respectively. In conclusion, Type D of C. perfringens was the dominant causative organism of fatal enterotoxaemia in sheep in Fars province.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hayati
- Microbiology Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
| | - Y Tahamtan
- Molecular Biology Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xiaoting W, Chengcheng N, Chunhui J, Yan L, Jing L, Qingling M, Jun Q, Lixia W, Kuojun C, Jinsheng Z, Zaichao Z, Weiwei Y, Yelong P, Xuepeng C. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and molecular typing of ruminant-borne isolates of Clostridium perfringens from Xinjiang, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 27:41-45. [PMID: 34438107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) can cause intestinal diseases in livestock and humans, which seriously threatens the healthy development of animal husbandry and human food safety. Here, the characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of ruminant-borne strains of C. perfringens in Xinjiang, China were explored and profiled. METHODS A total of 307 clinical feces collected from ruminants (cattle and sheep) with diarrheal symptoms were screened for C. perfringens. The recovered isolates were characterized in respect to their antimicrobial resistance pattern and molecular typing. RESULTS A total of 109 isolates of C. perfringens were isolated from 307 clinical feces of ruminants, most of which displayed the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Demonstration of the quinolone-resistance gene was the highest among the isolates (70.6%). The multiplex PCR typing based on toxin genes showed that type A and type D strains made up 82.6% (90/109) and 17.4% (19/109), among which, the isolates carrying β2 gene occupied 43.3% (39/90) of type A strains and 31.6% (6/19) of type D strains. These isolates were divided into 6 genotypes (I-VI) by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based PCR (ERIC-PCR) method. A total of 33 ST types (ST1-ST33) were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. CONCLUSION C. perfringens isolates with multidrug resistance (MDR) were frequent and circulating in ruminants. Among them, type A-Ⅰ-ST19 was the dominant genotype of C. perfringens, displaying obvious genetic diversity. This study provided important epidemiological data for the risk assessment of food safety associated with ruminant-borne C. perfringens in Xinjiang, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiaoting
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China; Department of Animal Laboratory, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, China
| | - Ning Chengcheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Ji Chunhui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Li Jing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Meng Qingling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Qiao Jun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China.
| | - Wang Lixia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Cai Kuojun
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Zhang Jinsheng
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Tacheng, Xinjiang, 834700, China
| | - Zhang Zaichao
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Changji, Xinjiang, 831500, China
| | - Yu Weiwei
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Korla, Xinjiang, 841000, China
| | - Peng Yelong
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Aksu, Xinjiang, 8430000, China
| | - Cai Xuepeng
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Izcı F, Ture Z, Sagiroglu P, Temel S, Yildiz O. A case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever with the bacteremia of Clostridium perfringens. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3929-3933. [PMID: 33295638 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a worldwide tick-borne viral infection in humans. The aim of the study is to report a case of a female patient with severe CCHF with the bacteremia of Clostridium perfringens. An 18-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department with sudden onset of fever, nausea and vomiting, myalgia, headache, generalized abdominal pain. It was learned that the patient was living in a rural area and had a history of tick bite 3 days before the admission. At laboratory examination, bicytopenia, abnormal liver function tests, and abnormal coagulation parameters were observed. The diagnosis of the case was confirmed with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction. On the third day of hospitalization, she had an increase in abdominal pain, confusion, and respiratory distress. She was transferred to the intensive care unit for close monitoring. On the fifth day of hospitalization, she developed fever again. Catheter and peripheral anaerobic blood cultures grew C. perfringens. No evidence of perforation was observed on abdominal tomography. It has been successfully treated with a multidisciplinary approach. CCHF demonstrates different types of clinical presentations, except for common symptoms of fever and hemorrhage. A case of CCHF with C. perfringens bacteremia has not been previously reported before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Izcı
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ture
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pınar Sagiroglu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sahın Temel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Orhan Yildiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
PENG X, LI X, PENG G, FENG L, JIANG Y, LUO Y. Recombinant unpurified rETX H106P/ CTB-rETX Y196E protects rabbits against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:441-446. [PMID: 33551442 PMCID: PMC8025428 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (ETX), produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, has been touted as a potential biological weapon and is known to induce fatal enterotoxemia in a variety of livestock animals. For the efficient production of recombinant proteins with the objective of investigating the effects of different recombinant vaccines against ETX, a bicistronic design (BCD) expression system including the ETX coding sequence with mutation of amino acid 106 from Histidine to Proline (ETXH106P) in the first cistron, followed by Cholera Toxin B (CTB) linked with the ETX coding sequence with mutation of amino acid 196 from Tyrosine to Glutamic acid (ETXY196E) in the second cistron, was generated under the control of a single promoter. Rabbits were immunized twice with five inactivated recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) vaccines containing 100 µg/ml of the recombinant mutant rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E proteins mixed with different adjuvants. Apart from rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E-IMS1313-vaccinated rabbits, the neutralizing antibody titers of rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E-vaccinated rabbits were higher after the initial immunization than those administered the ETX toxoid or current commercial vaccines. rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E mixed with ISA201 induced the highest neutralizing antibody titer of 120 after the first immunization, suggesting that 0.1 ml of pooled sera could neutralize 120× mouse LD100 (100% lethal dose) of ETX. Following the second vaccination, rETXH106P/CTB-rETXY196E mixed with ISA201 or GR208 produced the highest neutralizing titer of 800. Rabbits from all vaccinated groups were completely protected from a 2× rabbit LD100 of ETX challenge. These results show that these novel recombinant proteins can induce a strong immune response and represent potential targets for the development of a commercial vaccine against the C. perfringens epsilon toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing PENG
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| | - Xuni LI
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| | - Guorui PENG
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| | - Lifang FENG
- Beijing Zhonghai Biotech Co., Ltd., No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081, China
| | - Yuwen JIANG
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| | - Yufeng LUO
- Department of Bacterial Biologics, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, No. 8 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100-081,
China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Visse M, Vernet-Garnier V, Bajolet O, Lebrun D, Bonnet M, Hentzien M, Ohl X, Diallo S, Bani-Sadr F. Bone and joint infections caused by Clostridium perfringens: a case series. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:2221-2225. [PMID: 33723737 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial therapy outcomes of bone and joint infections (BJI) caused by Clostridium perfringens. We investigated remission of symptoms and the absence of relapse or reinfection during follow-up. Among the 8 patients with C. perfringens BJI, the type of infection was early prosthesis infection (n = 2), osteosynthetic device infection (n = 4), and chronic osteomyeletis (n = 2). Clindamycin-rifampicin combination was given in 4 cases and metronidazole in 4 cases. The overall success rate was 87.5%. Among the 7 patients who completed antibiotic treatment, the success rate was 100%. The clindamycin-rifampicin combination appeared to be effective in patients with C. perfringens BJI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Visse
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092, Reims, France
| | | | - Odile Bajolet
- Department of Hygiene, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - Delphine Lebrun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Manchester Hospital, Charleville-Mezieres, France
| | - Morgane Bonnet
- Department of Pharmacy, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Hentzien
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Xavier Ohl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - Saidou Diallo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - Firouzé Bani-Sadr
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Reims Teaching Hospitals, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092, Reims, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Khan MUZ, Humza M, Yang S, Alvi MA, Iqbal MZ, Zain-ul-Fatima H, Khalid S, Munir T, Cai J. Occurrence and Toxicogenetic Profiling of Clostridium perfringens in Buffalo and Cattle: An Update from Pakistan. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030212. [PMID: 33805744 PMCID: PMC7999003 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive bacterium that possess seven toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) that are responsible for the production of six major toxins, i.e., α, β, ε, ι, CPE, and NetB. The aim of this study is to find out the occurrence of toxinotypes in buffalo and cattle of Punjab province in Pakistan and their corresponding toxin-encoding genes from the isolated toxinotypes. To accomplish this aim, six districts in Punjab province were selected (i.e., Lahore, Sahiwal, Cheecha Watni, Bhakkar, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Bahawalpur) and a total of 240 buffalo and 240 cattle were selected for the collection of samples. From isolation and molecular analysis (16S rRNA), it was observed that out of seven toxinotypes (A–G), two toxinotypes (A and D) were found at most, whereas other toxinotypes, i.e., B, C, E, F, and G, were not found. The most frequently occurring toxinotype was type A (buffalo: 149/240; cattle: 157/240) whereas type D (buffalo: 8/240 cattle: 7/240) was found to occur the least. Genes encoding toxinotypes A and D were cpa and etx, respectively, whereas genes encoding other toxinotypes were not observed. The occurrence of isolated toxinotypes was studied using response surface methodology, which suggested a considerable occurrence of the isolated toxinotypes (A and D) in both buffalo and cattle. Association between type A and type D was found to be significant among the isolated toxinotypes in both buffalo and cattle (p ≤ 0.05). Correlation was also found to be positive and significant between type A and type D. C. perfringens exhibits a range of toxinotypes that can be diagnosed via genotyping, which is more reliable than classical toxinotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Zafar Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (M.U.Z.K.); (S.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Humza
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shunli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (M.U.Z.K.); (S.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Hafiza Zain-ul-Fatima
- Veterinary Research Institute, Zarrar Shaheed Road, Lahore Cantt., Lahore 54810, Pakistan;
| | - Shumaila Khalid
- Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Tahir Munir
- Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Jianping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (M.U.Z.K.); (S.Y.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zgheib H, Belguesmia Y, Boukherroub R, Drider D. Alginate Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Clostridium perfringens Activity of the Leaderless Two-Peptide Enterocin DD14 and Affect Expression of Some Virulence Factors. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1213-1227. [PMID: 33481224 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel approach to improve the anti-Clostridium perfringens activity of the leaderless two-peptide enterocin 14 (EntDD14), produced by Enterococcus faecalis 14. This strategy consists of loading EntDD14 onto alginate nanoparticles (Alg NPs), which are made of a safe polymer. The resulting formulation (EntDD14/Alg NPs) was able to reduce up to four times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EntDD14 against C. perfringens pathogenic strains isolated from a chicken affected by necrotic enteritis (NE). Interestingly, this formulation remained active under conditions mimicking the human and chicken gastric tract. Assays conducted to establish the impact of this formulation on the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 and the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 revealed the absence of cytotoxicity of both free-EntDD14 and EntDD14 loaded onto the alginate nanoparticles (EntDD14/Alg NPs) against the aforementioned eukaryotic cells, after 24 h of contact. Notably, EntDD14 and EntDD14/Alg NPs, both at a sub-inhibitory concentration, affected the expression of genes coding for clostridial toxins such as toxin α, enteritis B-like toxin, collagen adhesion protein and thiol-activated cytolysin. Further, expression of these genes was significantly down-regulated following the addition of EntDD14/Alg NPs, but not affected upon addition of EntDD14 alone. This study revealed that adsorption of EntDD14 onto Alg NPs leads to a safe and active formulation (EntDD14/Alg NPs) capable of affecting the pathogenicity of C. perfringens. This formulation could therefore be used in the poultry industry as a novel approach to tackle NE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zgheib
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France. UMR, 8520 - IEMN, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Yanath Belguesmia
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France. UMR, 8520 - IEMN, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sridapan T, Tangkawsakul W, Janvilisri T, Kiatpathomchai W, Dangtip S, Ngamwongsatit N, Nacapricha D, Ounjai P, Chankhamhaengdecha S. Rapid detection of Clostridium perfringens in food by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow biosensor. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245144. [PMID: 33411848 PMCID: PMC7790239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a key anaerobic pathogen causing food poisoning. Definitive detection by standard culture method is time-consuming and labor intensive. Current rapid commercial test kits are prohibitively expensive. It is thus necessary to develop rapid and cost-effective detection tool. Here, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in combination with a lateral-flow biosensor (LFB) was developed for visual inspection of C. perfringens-specific cpa gene. The specificity of the developed test was evaluated against 40 C. perfringens and 35 other bacterial strains, which showed no cross-reactivity, indicating 100% inclusivity and exclusivity. LAMP-LFB detection limit for artificially contaminated samples after enrichment for 16 h was 1-10 CFU/g sample, which was comparable to the commercial real-time PCR kit. The detection performance of LAMP-LFB was also compared to culture-based method using 95 food samples, which revealed the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) of 88.0% (95% CI, 75.6%-95.4%), 95.5% (95% CI, 84.8%-99.4%) and 0.832 (95% CI, 0.721-0.943), respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.918 (95% CI, 0.854-0.981), indicating LAMP-LFB as high relative accuracy test. In conclusion, LAMP-LFB assay is a low-cost qualitative method and easily available for routine detection of C. perfringens in food samples, which could serve as an alternative to commercial test kit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Sridapan
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanida Tangkawsakul
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wansika Kiatpathomchai
- Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sirintip Dangtip
- Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Natharin Ngamwongsatit
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mohiuddin M, Iqbal Z, Siddique A, Liao S, Salamat MKF, Qi N, Din AM, Sun M. Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep ( Ovis aries) and Goats ( Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100657. [PMID: 33066416 PMCID: PMC7602233 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens poses a serious threat to small ruminants by causing moderate to severe enterotoxaemia. Due to its ability to produce a wide arsenal of toxins, it is ranked among the most prevalent and important pathogens in livestock. This study focused on the molecular characterization of different Clostridium perfringens types along with their antimicrobial resistance profile. An overall higher prevalence of C. perfringens (46.1%) was detected based on mPCR among sheep and goats (healthy and diseased) in the Punjab province, Pakistan. The majority of the isolates were characterized as type A (82%), followed by type D (18%). Among the isolates from diseased sheep and goats, 27% were positive for cpa, 49% for cpa and cpb2, 9% for cpa and etx, 15% for cpa, cpb2 and etx. In the case of isolates from healthy sheep and goats, 59% were positive for cpa, 34% for cpb2 and cpa, 4% for cpa and etx, and 3% for cpa, cpb2 and etx. The prevalence of the beta2 toxin gene in the diseased sheep and goat population was 64% as compared to 37% in healthy animals. All 184 isolates (100%) were sensitive to rifampin and ceftiofur; the majority (57%) was sensitive to teicoplanin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, linezolid and enrofloxacin. A lower proportion of isolates (43%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and only 14% were susceptible to erythromycin. The findings of this study highlight the higher prevalence of C. perfringens in small ruminants and indicate that detailed pathogenesis studies are necessary to understand the explicit role of various toxins in causing enteric infections in sheep and goats including how they might be exploited to develop vaccines against these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Mohiuddin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (N.Q.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Zahid Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Swat Medical College, Marghzar Road, Saidu Sharif, Swat 19200, Pakistan;
| | - Abubakar Siddique
- Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (N.Q.)
| | | | - Nanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (N.Q.)
| | - Ayesha Mohiud Din
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, 1-Davis road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.L.); (N.Q.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Feng Y, Fan X, Zhu L, Yang X, Liu Y, Gao S, Jin X, Liu D, Ding J, Guo Y, Hu Y. Phylogenetic and genomic analysis reveals high genomic openness and genetic diversity of Clostridium perfringens. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000441. [PMID: 32975504 PMCID: PMC7660258 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is associated with a variety of diseases in both humans and animals. Recent advances in genomic sequencing make it timely to re-visit this important pathogen. Although the genome sequence of C. perfringens was first determined in 2002, large-scale comparative genomics with isolates of different origins is still lacking. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing of 45 C. perfringens isolates with isolation time spanning an 80-year period and performed comparative analysis of 173 genomes from worldwide strains. We also conducted phylogenetic lineage analysis and introduced an openness index (OI) to evaluate the openness of bacterial genomes. We classified all these genomes into five lineages and hypothesized that the origin of C. perfringens dates back to ~80 000 years ago. We showed that the pangenome of the 173 C. perfringens strains contained a total of 26 954 genes, while the core genome comprised 1020 genes, accounting for about a third of the genome of each isolate. We demonstrated that C. perfringens had the highest OI compared with 51 other bacterial species. Intact prophage sequences were found in nearly 70.0 % of C. perfringens genomes, while CRISPR sequences were found only in ~40.0 %. Plasmids were prevalent in C. perfringens isolates, and half of the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) identified in all the isolates could be found in plasmids. ARG-sharing network analysis showed that C. perfringens shared its 11 ARGs with 55 different bacterial species, and a high frequency of ARG transfer may have occurred between C. perfringens and species in the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Correlation analysis showed that the ARG number in C. perfringens strains increased with time, while the virulence gene number was relative stable. Our results, taken together with previous studies, revealed the high genome openness and genetic diversity of C. perfringens and provide a comprehensive view of the phylogeny, genomic features, virulence gene and ARG profiles of worldwide strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Liangquan Zhu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fourie JCJ, Bezuidenhout CC, Sanko TJ, Mienie C, Adeleke R. Inside environmental Clostridium perfringens genomes: antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors and genomic features. J Water Health 2020; 18:477-493. [PMID: 32833675 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, research has focused on Clostridium perfringens in clinical settings without considering environmental isolates. In this study, environmental genomes were used to investigate possible antibiotic resistance and the presence of virulence traits in C. perfringens strains from raw surface water. In silico assembly of three C. perfringens strains, DNA generated almost complete genomes setting their length ranging from 3.4 to 3.6 Mbp with GC content of 28.18%. An average of 3,175 open reading frames was identified, with the majority associated with carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. The genomes harboured several antibiotic resistance genes for glycopeptides, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, β-lactam, trimethoprim, tetracycline and aminoglycosides and also the presence of several genes encoding for polypeptides and multidrug resistance efflux pumps and 35 virulence genes. Some of these encode for haemolysins, sialidase, hyaluronidase, collagenase, perfringolysin O and phospholipase C. All three genomes contained sequences indicating phage, antibiotic resistance and pathogenic islands integration sites. A genomic comparison of these three strains confirmed high similarity and shared core genes with clinical C. perfringens strains, highlighting their health security risks. This study provides a genomic insight into the potential pathogenicity of C. perfringens present in the environment and emphasises the importance of monitoring this niche in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Janusz Sanko
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Charlotte Mienie
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Milton AAP, Sanjukta R, Gogoi AP, Momin KM, Priya GB, Das S, Ghatak S, Sen A, Kandpal BK. Prevalence, molecular typing and antibiotic resistance of Clostridium perfringens in free range ducks in Northeast India. Anaerobe 2020; 64:102242. [PMID: 32682908 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study reports faecal prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in free range ducks in North East India for the first time. We also report C. perfringens type A carrying cpb2 and cpe and type C carrying cpb2 and cpe strains in these ducks. Notably, a high prevalence (17.5%) of enterotoxin carrying C. perfringens strains and low antimicrobial resistance were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajkumari Sanjukta
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Akash Protim Gogoi
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Kasanchi M Momin
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India; College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, 793104, India
| | - Samir Das
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Basant Kumar Kandpal
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Silva ROS, Ribeiro MG, de Paula CL, Pires IH, Oliveira Junior CA, Diniz AN, de Araújo Nunes TA, Lobato FCF. Isolation of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile in diarrheic and nondiarrheic cats. Anaerobe 2020; 62:102164. [PMID: 32151948 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and characteristics of Clostridioides (previously Clostridium) difficile and Clostridium perfringens in the feces of diarrheic and non-diarrheic cats was investigated. Apparently healthy animals were more likely to be positive for C. perfringens type A (p = 0.009). Two isolates (0.7%), one each from a diarrheic and an apparently healthy cat, were positive for the enterotoxin-encoding gene but negative for the NetF-encoding gene. Six toxigenic C. difficile isolates were isolated, all RT106 and ST42, which is commonly reported in humans with C. difficile infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marcio Garcia Ribeiro
- UNESP-São Paulo State University - Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Isadora Honorato Pires
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nadia Diniz
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Talita Augusto de Araújo Nunes
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vieco-Saiz N, Belguesmia Y, Vachée A, Le Maréchal C, Salvat G, Drider D. Antibiotic resistance, genome analysis and further safe traits of Clostridium perfringens ICVB082; a strain capable of producing an inhibitory compound directed only against a closely related pathogenic strain. Anaerobe 2020; 62:102177. [PMID: 32097777 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Eleven strains of clostridia were isolated from chickens suffering from necrotic enteritis (NE) disease, and were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as C. perfringens (Clin1, ICVB079, ICVB080, ICVB081, ICVB082, ICVB083, ICVB085, ICVB088, ICVB089, ICVB090), C. sporogenes (ICVB086) and C. cadaveris (ICVB087). These novel strains were then characterized for their pathoproperties including their sensitivity to different antibiotics, hemolytic activities and abilities to carry netB gene, which encodes the necrotic enteritis B-Like toxin (NetB); a key virulence factor involved in the NE. Whilst, no antibiotic resistance was detected for all these strains, C. perfringens ICVB081 and C. perfringens Clin1 have β-hemolytic activities and carry DNA coding for the netB gene. Remarkably, cross-resistant assays performed between these Clostridium strains underpinned the capability of C. perfringens ICVB082 to inhibit the pathogenic C. perfringens DSM756, used as reference strain. This inhibition was exerted through production of an extracellular compound, which was sensitive to heat treatment, lipase and active at pH values ranging from 4 to 7. This report deals with the isolation of novel Clostridium strains from chicken origin and underlines the safety and inhibitory capability of C. perfringens ICVB082 through an extracellular metabolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vieco-Saiz
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Yanath Belguesmia
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Anne Vachée
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier de Roubaix, Boulevard Lacordaire, 59100, Roubaix, France.
| | | | - Gilles Salvat
- ANSES, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ha E, Chun J, Kim M, Ryu S. Capsular Polysaccharide Is a Receptor of a Clostridium perfringens Bacteriophage CPS1. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111002. [PMID: 31683584 PMCID: PMC6893597 DOI: 10.3390/v11111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, and spore forming bacterium that is widely distributed in the environment and one of the most common causes of foodborne illnesses. Bacteriophages are regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics in controlling antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Here we isolated a virulent C. perfringens phage, CPS1, and analysis of its whole genome and morphology revealed a small genome (19 kbps) and a short noncontractile tail, suggesting that CPS1 can be classified as a member of Picovirinae, a subfamily of Podoviridae. To determine the host receptor of CPS1, the EZ-Tn5 random transposon mutant library of C. perfringens ATCC 13124 was constructed and screened for resistance to CPS1 infection. Analysis of the CPS1-resistant mutants revealed that the CPF_0486 was disrupted by Tn5. The CPF_0486 was annotated as galE, a gene encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GalE). However, biochemical analyses demonstrated that the encoded protein possessed dual activities of GalE and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase (Gne). We found that the CPF_0486::Tn5 mutant produced a reduced amount of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) compared with the wild type. We also discovered that glucosamine and galactosamine could competitively inhibit host adsorption of CPS1. These results suggest that CPS acts as a receptor for this phage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsu Ha
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jihwan Chun
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Minsik Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|