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Olson EG, Dittoe DK, Chatman CC, Majumder ELW, Ricke SC. Campylobacter jejuni and casein hydrolysate addition: Impact on poultry in vitro cecal microbiota and metabolome. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303856. [PMID: 38787822 PMCID: PMC11125459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of casein hydrolysates on the poultry ceca inoculated with Campylobacter focusing on microbial molecular preferences for different protein sources in the presence of Campylobacter jejuni. Three casein sources (intact casein (IN), casein enzyme hydrolysate (EH), and casein acid hydrolysate (AH)) were introduced to cecal contents in combination with inoculated C. jejuni in an in vitro model system incubated for 48 h at 42°C under microaerophilic conditions. Samples were collected at 0, 24, and 48 h. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified using custom dual-indexed primers, followed by sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained sequencing data were then analyzed via QIIME2-2021.11. Metabolite extracts were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid orbitrap chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Statistical analysis of metabolites was conducted using MetaboAnalyst 5.0, while functional analysis was performed using Mummichog 2.0 with a significance threshold set at P < 0.00001. DNA sequencing and metabolomic analyses revealed that C. jejuni was most abundant in the EH group. Microbial diversity and richness improved in casein supplemented groups, with core microbial differences observed, compared to non-supplemented groups. Vitamin B-associated metabolites significantly increased in the supplemented groups, displaying distinct patterns in vitamin B6 and B9 metabolism between EH and AH groups (P < 0.05). Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium were associated with AH and EH groups, respectively. These findings suggest microbial interactions in the presence of C. jejuni and casein supplementation are influenced by microbial community preferences for casein hydrolysates impacting B vitamin production and shaping competitive dynamics within the cecal microbial community. These findings underscore the potential of nutritional interventions to modulate the poultry GIT microbiota for improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Olson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - D. K. Dittoe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - C. C. Chatman
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - E. L.-W. Majumder
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - S. C. Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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2
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Gast RK, Dittoe DK, Ricke SC. Salmonella in eggs and egg-laying chickens: pathways to effective control. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:39-63. [PMID: 36583653 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2156772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eggs contaminated with Salmonella have been internationally significant sources of human illness for several decades. Most egg-associated illness has been attributed to Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, but a few other serovars (notably S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium) are also sometimes implicated. The edible interior contents of eggs typically become contaminated with S. Enteritidis because the pathogen's unique virulence attributes enable it to colonize reproductive tissues in systemically infected laying hens. Other serovars are more commonly associated with surface contamination of eggshells. Both research and field experience have demonstrated that the most effective overall Salmonella control strategy in commercial laying flocks is the application of multiple interventions throughout the egg production cycle. At the preharvest (egg production) level, intervention options of demonstrated efficacy include vaccination and gastrointestinal colonization control via treatments such as prebiotics, probiotics, and bacteriophages, Effective environmental management of housing systems used for commercial laying flocks is also essential for minimizing opportunities for the introduction, transmission, and persistence of Salmonella in laying flocks. At the postharvest (egg processing and handling) level, careful regulation of egg storage temperatures is critical for limiting Salmonella multiplication inside the interior contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Gast
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Olson EG, Dittoe DK, Chatman CC, Majumder ELW, Ricke SC. General media over enrichment media supports growth of Campylobacter jejuni and maintains poultry cecal microbiota enabling translatable in vitro microbial interaction experiments. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad312. [PMID: 38126123 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the suitability of two media types, Bolton enrichment broth (BEB) and anaerobic dilution solution (ADS), in replicating the poultry cecal environment to investigate metabolic interactions and Campylobacter presence within poultry ceca. METHODS Using an anaerobic in vitro poultry cecal model, cecal contents (free of culturable Campylobacter) were diluted in BEB and ADS, inoculated with 105 CFU of Campylobacter jejuni, and incubated for 48 h at 42°C under microaerophilic conditions. Samples were collected at 0, 24, and 48 h. Genomic DNA was extracted, amplified, and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. Data underwent analysis within QIIME2-2021.11, including alpha and beta diversity assessments, ANOVA, ADONIS, ANCOM, and Bradford assay for protein concentration. RESULTS ADS supported a more diverse microbial population than BEB, influencing C. jejuni presence. ANCOM highlighted dominant genera in BEB (Lactobacillus and Campylobacter) and affirmed C. jejuni growth in ADS. Core microbiota analysis revealed unique associations with each media type, while the Bradford assay indicated ADS consistently yielded more uniform microbial growth. CONCLUSIONS ADS was identified as a preferred diluent for faithfully replicating cecal microbial changes in the presence of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Chamia C Chatman
- Bacteriology Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Erica L-W Majumder
- Bacteriology Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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4
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Yaqoob MU, El-Hack MEA, Hassan F, El-Saadony MT, Khafaga AF, Batiha GE, Yehia N, Elnesr SS, Alagawany M, El-Tarabily KA, Wang M. The potential mechanistic insights and future implications for the effect of prebiotics on poultry performance, gut microbiome, and intestinal morphology. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101143. [PMID: 34062442 PMCID: PMC8170421 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics may modify the biological processes in the chickens' gastrointestinal tract to improve poultry performance and health. Prebiotics are natural feed additives that offer many economic advantages by decreasing mortality rates, increasing growth rates, and improving birds' feed efficiency. Prebiotic action potentially affects the degradation of indigestible dietary compounds, the synthesis of nitrogen components and vitamins, and simplifies the removal of undesirable elements in the diet. Prebiotics could also induce desirable gut microbiome modifications and affect host metabolism and immune health. It is worth mentioning that gut bacteria metabolize the prebiotic compounds into organic compounds that the host can subsequently use. It is important to limit the concept of prebiotics to compounds that influence the metabolism of resident microorganisms. Any medicinal component or feed ingredient beneficial to the intestinal microecosystem can be considered a prebiotic. In this review, the impacts of prebiotics on the gut microbiome and physiological structure are discussed, emphasizing the poultry's growth performance. The current review will highlight the knowledge gaps in this area and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Yaqoob
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - M E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - F Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - M T El-Saadony
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - A F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - G E Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 080-8555, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - N Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S S Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - M Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - K A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - M Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Park SH, Perrotta A, Hanning I, Diaz-Sanchez S, Pendleton S, Alm E, Ricke SC. Pasture flock chicken cecal microbiome responses to prebiotics and plum fiber feed amendments. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1820-1830. [PMID: 28339946 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When prebiotics and other fermentation substrates are delivered to animals as feed supplements, the typical goal is to improve weight gain and feed conversion. In this work, we examined pasture flock chicken cecal contents using next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and understand the composition of the microbiome when prebiotics and fermentation substrates were supplemented. We generated 16S rRNA sequencing data for 120 separate cecal samples from groups of chickens receiving one of 3 prebiotics or fiber feed additives. The data indicated that respective feed additives enrich for specific bacterial community members and modulate the diversity of the microbiome. We applied synthetic learning in microbial ecology (SLiME) analysis to interpret 16S rRNA microbial community data and identify specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) that are predictive of the particular feed additives used in these experiments. The results suggest that feed can influence microbiome composition in a predictable way, and thus diet may have indirect effects on weight gain and feed conversion through the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.,Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
| | - A Perrotta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Biological Engineering, and the Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - I Hanning
- Department of Science, Lincoln International Academy, Managua, Nicaragua.,The Graduate School of Genome Sciences and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - S Diaz-Sanchez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.,SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S Pendleton
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - E Alm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Biological Engineering, and the Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - S C Ricke
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.,Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
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6
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Rubinelli PM, Kim SA, Park SH, Roto SM, Nealon NJ, Ryan EP, Ricke SC. Differential effects of rice bran cultivars to limit Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken cecal in vitro incubations and impact on the cecal microbiome and metabolome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185002. [PMID: 28937988 PMCID: PMC5609742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, rice brans from different cultivars (Calrose, Jasmine, and Red Wells) were assessed for their ability to inhibit Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium using an in vitro mixed anaerobic culture system containing cecal microbiota obtained from broilers of different ages. Salmonella Typhimurium was added to controls (feed only, cecal only, and feed + cecal material) and treatments (feed + cecal + different rice brans) and S. Typhimurium populations were enumerated at 0, 24, and 48 h. Two experimental conditions were applied 1) unadapted condition in which S. Typhimurium was added at the beginning of the culture incubation and 2) adapted condition in which S. Typhimurium was added after a 24 hour pre-incubation of the cecal bacteria with the feed and/or rice bran. Among the three rice brans, only Calrose exhibited a rapid inhibition of S. Typhimurium, which decreased to undetectable levels after 24 h under the adapted incubation. Changes in microbiological composition and metabolites by addition of Calrose bran were also investigated with an Illumina MiSeq platform and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Addition of Calrose bran resulted in significant changes including decreased Firmicutes phylum abundance and an increased number of metabolites associated with fatty acid metabolism. In summary, it appears that rice bran from specific rice cultivars may be effective as a means to reduce Salmonella in the chicken ceca. In addition, Calrose rice bran inclusion leads to changes in cecal microbiological composition and metabolite profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Rubinelli
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Roto
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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7
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Rubinelli PM, Kim SA, Park SH, Roto SM, Ricke SC. Sodium bisulfate and a sodium bisulfate/tannin mixture decreases pH when added to an in vitro incubated poultry cecal or fecal contents while reducing Salmonella Typhimurium marker strain survival and altering the microbiome. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:607-615. [PMID: 28489978 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1316159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the ability of animal feed-grade sodium bisulfate (SBS) and a mixture of sodium bisulfate/tannin to inhibit the growth of Salmonella using an anerobic in vitro mixed cecal culture to mimic the conditions within the chicken cecum. An initial inoculum of Salmonella Typhimurium was introduced to an anerobic dilution solution containing 1/3000 diluted cecal bacteria and solids consisting of ground chicken feed and different percentages of solid SBS or SBS/tannin, and surviving organisms were enumerated. Two different experimental designs were employed. In the "unadapted" treatment, the S. Typhimurium was added at the beginning of the culture incubation along with cecal bacteria and chicken feed/SBS or chicken feed/SBS/tannin. In the "adapted" treatment, S. Typhimurium was added after a 24 hour pre-incubation of the cecal bacteria with the chicken feed/SBS or chicken feed/SBS/tannin. Adding SBS resulted in reduction of pH in the cultures which paralleled with the reduction of S. Typhimurium. The SBS alone was found to be inhibitory to S. Typhimurium in the adapted treatment at all concentrations tested (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75%), and the degree of inhibition was concentration-dependent. Salmonella Typhimurium was completely killed in the adapted culture with 0.5% SBS after 24 and 48 h. The SBS/tannin mixture was less inhibitory than SBS alone at the same concentrations in side-by-side comparisons. Testing at a 0.5% SBS concentration, chicken age had little or no effect on log reduction of S. Typhimurium relative to age-matched control cultures without SBS, but age did affect the absolute number of S. Typhimurium surviving, with the greatest decreases occurring at 2 and 4 weeks of age (approx. 103 S. Typhimurium surviving) compared to 6 weeks of age (approx. 105 Salmonella surviving). Microbiome analysis with an Illumina MiSeq platform was conducted to investigate bacterial compositional changes related to the addition of SBS. The relative abundance of Firmicutes (at the phylum level) was decreased, and genera Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium were increased when SBS was added to the anaerobic mixed culture containing either fecal or cecal material. The antimicrobial action of feed-grade SBS may represent a potential pre-harvest control measure for Salmonella in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Rubinelli
- a Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- a Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- a Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Stephanie M Roto
- a Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- a Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
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Park SH, Kim SA, Lee SI, Rubinelli PM, Roto SM, Pavlidis HO, McIntyre DR, Ricke SC. Original XPC TM Effect on Salmonella Typhimurium and Cecal Microbiota from Three Different Ages of Broiler Chickens When Incubated in an Anaerobic In Vitro Culture System. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1070. [PMID: 28659891 PMCID: PMC5468444 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feed supplements are utilized in the poultry industry as a means for improving growth performance and reducing pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Diamond V Original XPCTM (XPC, a fermented product generated from yeast cultures) on Salmonella Typhimurium ST 97 along with its potential for modulation of the cecal microbiota by using an anaerobic in vitro mixed culture assay. Cecal slurries obtained from three broiler chickens at each of three sampling ages (14, 28, and 42 days) were generated and exposed to a 24 h pre-incubation period with the various treatments: XPC (1% XPC, ceca, and feeds), CO (ceca only), and NC (negative control) group consisting of ceca and feeds. The XPC, CO, and NC were each challenged with S. Typhimurium and subsequently plated on selective media at 0, 24, and 48 h. Plating results indicated that the XPC treatment significantly reduced the survival of S. Typhimurium at the 24 h plating time point for both the 28 and 42 days bird sampling ages, while S. Typhimurium reduction in the NC appeared to eventually reach the same population survival level at the 48 h plating time point. For microbiome analysis, Trial 1 revealed that XPC, CO, and NC groups exhibited a similar pattern of taxa summary. However, more Bacteroidetes were observed in the CO group at 24 and 48 h. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in alpha diversity among samples based on day, hour and treatment. For beta diversity analysis, a pattern shift was observed when samples clustered according to sampling hour. In Trial 2, both XPC and NC groups exhibited the highest Firmicutes level at 0 h but the Bacteroidetes group became dominant at 6 h. Complexity of alpha diversity was increased in the initial contents from older birds and became less complex after 6 h of incubation. Beta diversity analysis was clustered as a function of treatment NC and XPC groups and by individual hours including 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Overall, addition of XPC influenced microbiome diversity in a similar fashion to the profile of the NC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hong Park
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleAR, United States
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleAR, United States
| | - Sang In Lee
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleAR, United States
| | - Peter M. Rubinelli
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleAR, United States
| | - Stephanie M. Roto
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleAR, United States
| | | | | | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleAR, United States
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9
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Rubinelli P, Roto S, Kim SA, Park SH, Pavlidis HO, McIntyre D, Ricke SC. Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium by Fermentation Metabolites of Diamond V Original XPC in an In Vitro Anaerobic Mixed Chicken Cecal Culture. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:83. [PMID: 27695699 PMCID: PMC5025443 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation metabolites of Diamond V Original XPC™ (XPC), a biological product derived from yeast fermentation, were evaluated for their ability to reduce the Salmonella Typhimurium population using an in vitro mixed anaerobic culture system containing cecal microbiota to simulate chicken hindgut conditions. Four different samples were prepared: anaerobic mixed culture containing (1) feed only, (2) cecal only (ceca were harvested from 42 days old broiler chickens), (3) feed and cecal contents, and (4) feed, cecal contents, and 1% XPC. Two experimental conditions were investigated: Group 1, in which the cecal content was added at the same time as a S. Typhimurium marker strain and Group 2, in which the cecal content was preincubated for 24 h prior to the inoculation with the S. Typhimurium marker strain. The mixed cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37°C, and the S. Typhimurium marker strain was enumerated at 0, 24, and 48 h. Analysis of short chain fatty acids was also conducted for 24 h. In the Group 1 experiment, adding XPC did not exhibit significant reduction of S. Typhimurium. However, the presence of XPC resulted in rapid reduction of S. Typhimurium in Group 2. S. Typhimurium was reduced from 6.81 log10 CFU/ml (0 h) to 3.73 log10 CFU/ml and 1.19 log10 CFU/ml after 24 and 48 h, respectively. These levels were also 2.47 log10 and 2.72 log10 lower than the S. Typhimurium level recovered from the control culture with feed and cecal contents, but without XPC. Based on these results, it appears that the ability of XPC to reduce S. Typhimurium requires the presence of the cecal microbiota. Short chain fatty acid analysis indicated that acetate and butyrate concentrations of cultures containing XPC were twofold greater than the control cultures by 24 h of anaerobic growth. Results from the present study suggest that dietary inclusion of XPC may influence cecal microbiota fermentation and has the potential to reduce Salmonella in the cecum. Implications of these findings suggest that XPC may decrease preharvest levels of Salmonella in broilers and layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rubinelli
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Stephanie Roto
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | | | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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10
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Lemos MJD, Calixto LFL, Torres-Cordido KAA, Reis TL. Uso de aditivo alimentar equilibrador da flora intestinal em aves de corte e de postura. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000862014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO: Aspectos gerais sobre a utilização de aditivos zootécnicos equilibradores da flora intestinal em rações de aves de corte e de postura foram abordados nesta revisão, destacando-se a utilização de prebióticos, especialmente dos mananoligossacarídeos (MOSs), os quais promovem o crescimento das populações microbianas que melhoram as condições luminais. A utilização de aditivos equilibradores da flora intestinal tem revelado melhorias na integridade do epitélio intestinal (aumento da altura e largura das vilosidades), no desempenho (melhora na produção e conversão alimentar) e na qualidade do produto final (qualidade da casca dos ovos). Esta revisão objetivou abordar também aspectos relacionados às características, ao mecanismo de ação, além dos efeitos benéficos da utilização desses aditivos alternativos aos antibióticos na avicultura de corte e de postura, incluindo codornas japonesas.
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11
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Ricke S. Potential of fructooligosaccharide prebiotics in alternative and nonconventional poultry production systems. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1411-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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Biswas K, Hoggard M, Jain R, Taylor MW, Douglas RG. The nasal microbiota in health and disease: variation within and between subjects. Front Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 25784909 PMCID: PMC5810306 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 5% of the adult population in Western societies and severely reduces the patient's quality of life. The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of this condition has not yet been established with certainty. However, recent reports of bacterial and fungal biofilms in CRS highlight a potential role for these microorganisms. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon pyrosequencing and qPCR were used to determine the composition and abundance, respectively, of the sinus microbiota within 9 patients with CRS and 6 healthy individuals. Within-patient variability was also investigated by sampling from anterior nares, inferior turbinate, and middle meatus on each side of the sinuses. Our results indicate that more of the variation in bacterial composition can be explained by inter-personal differences, rather than sampling location or even disease status. In addition, bacterial community diversity was significantly lower in CRS samples compared to those from healthy subjects, whereas bacterial load was not associated with disease status. Although members of the genera Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were prevalent in the majority of samples (including healthy subjects), the large amount of variation observed between individuals, particularly within the CRS cohort, suggests that an imbalance or dysbiosis in community structure could be the driving force behind the disease. Ultimately, understanding the causes of variation within the sinus microbiota may lead to more personalized treatment options for CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Biswas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Hoggard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ravi Jain
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael W Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard G Douglas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
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Kim SA, Rubinelli PM, Park SH, Ricke SC. The nasal microbiota in health and disease: variation within and between subjects. Front Microbiol 2015; 9:134. [PMID: 25784909 PMCID: PMC5810306 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 5% of the adult population in Western societies and severely reduces the patient's quality of life. The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of this condition has not yet been established with certainty. However, recent reports of bacterial and fungal biofilms in CRS highlight a potential role for these microorganisms. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon pyrosequencing and qPCR were used to determine the composition and abundance, respectively, of the sinus microbiota within 9 patients with CRS and 6 healthy individuals. Within-patient variability was also investigated by sampling from anterior nares, inferior turbinate, and middle meatus on each side of the sinuses. Our results indicate that more of the variation in bacterial composition can be explained by inter-personal differences, rather than sampling location or even disease status. In addition, bacterial community diversity was significantly lower in CRS samples compared to those from healthy subjects, whereas bacterial load was not associated with disease status. Although members of the genera Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were prevalent in the majority of samples (including healthy subjects), the large amount of variation observed between individuals, particularly within the CRS cohort, suggests that an imbalance or dysbiosis in community structure could be the driving force behind the disease. Ultimately, understanding the causes of variation within the sinus microbiota may lead to more personalized treatment options for CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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14
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Park S, Hanning I, Perrota A, Bench B, Alm E, Ricke S. Modifying the gastrointestinal ecology in alternatively raised poultry and the potential for molecular and metabolomic assessment. Poult Sci 2013; 92:546-61. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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15
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Ricke S, Dunkley C, Durant J. A review on development of novel strategies for controlling Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in laying hens: Fiber-based molt diets. Poult Sci 2013; 92:502-25. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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16
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Hanning I, Clement A, Owens C, Park S, Pendleton S, Scott E, Almeida G, Gonzalez Gil F, Ricke S. Assessment of production performance in 2 breeds of broilers fed prebiotics as feed additives. Poult Sci 2012; 91:3295-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Dunkley KD, Callaway TR, O'Bryan CA, Kundinger MM, Dunkley CS, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ, Crandall PG, Ricke SC. Comparison of Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of Changes inhilAandrpoSGene Expression of aSalmonellaTyphimurium Poultry Isolate Grown at Fast Versus Slow Dilution Rates in an Anaerobic Continuous Culture System. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2012.698770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Kim W, Bloomfield S, Ricke S. Effects of age, vitamin D3, and fructooligosaccharides on bone growth and skeletal integrity of broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2425-32. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Poultry meat has been associated frequently and consistently with the transmission of enteric pathogens, including Salmonella and Campylobacter. This association has resulted in the development of HACCP-based intervention strategies. These strategies (hurdles) begin with elite breeder flocks and filter down the production pyramid. These hurdles include those already established, such as biosecurity, vaccination, competitive exclusion, pre- and probiotics, feed and water control, and those more experimental, such as bacteriophage or immunoglobulin therapy. The reduction in enteropathogens entering the processing plant, which employs critical control points, further reduce the exposure of consumers to these organisms. The synergistic application of hurdles will result in an environment that is restrictive and detrimental to enteropathogen colonization and contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cox
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Pavic
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Birling Avian Laboratories, Bringelly, NSW, Australia
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20
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Donalson LM, McReynolds JL, Kim WK, Chalova VI, Woodward CL, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. The influence of a fructooligosaccharide prebiotic combined with alfalfa molt diets on the gastrointestinal tract fermentation, Salmonella enteritidis infection, and intestinal shedding in laying hens. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1253-62. [PMID: 18577603 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting is a natural process, which birds undergo to rejuvenate their reproductive organs. The US poultry egg production industry has used feed withdrawal to effectively induce molt; however, susceptibility of Salmonella Enteritidis has encouraged the development of alternative methods. Previous research conducted in our laboratory showed that alfalfa is effective at molt induction and provides equivalent postmolt production numbers and quality when compared with feed withdrawal. In the attempt to further increase the efficacy of alfalfa molt diet and decrease the chicken susceptibility to Salmonella Enteritidis during molt, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) was added to a combination of 90% alfalfa and 10% layer ration in 2 levels (0.750 and 0.375%). Ovary and liver colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in 3 and 2 of the 4 trials, respectively, were reduced (P <or= 0.05) in hens fed FOS-containing diets compared with hens subjected to feed withdrawal. Significant decreases in ce-cal Salmonella Enteritidis counts were also observed in 2 of the 4 trials. In 3 of the 4 trials, the same diets did not affect (P > 0.05) the production of cecal total volatile fatty acids when compared with hens undergoing feed withdrawal. However, in all 3 alfalfa molt diets, the concentrations of lactic acid were greater (P <or= 0.05) than hens with feed withdrawal, but no differences (P > 0.05) were observed among hens fed alfalfa combined with FOS and hens fed alfalfa/layer ration without FOS. Overall, given the similarities between hens fed 0.750% FOS (H) and 0.375% FOS (L), molt diets combined with the lower level of FOS should be sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Donalson
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA
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Dunkley KD, Callaway TR, Chalova VI, McReynolds JL, Hume ME, Dunkley CS, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Foodborne Salmonella ecology in the avian gastrointestinal tract. Anaerobe 2008; 15:26-35. [PMID: 18577459 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne Salmonella continues to be a major cause of salmonellosis with Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium considered to be responsible for most of the infections. Investigation of outbreaks and sporadic cases has indicated that food vehicles such as poultry and poultry by-products including raw and uncooked eggs are among the most common sources of Salmonella infections. The dissemination and infection of the avian intestinal tract remain somewhat unclear. In vitro incubation of Salmonella with mammalian tissue culture cells has shown that invasion into epithelial cells is complex and involves several genetic loci and host factors. Several genes are required for the intestinal phase of Salmonella invasion and are located on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI 1). Salmonella pathogenesis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the effects of environmental stimuli on gene expression influence bacterial colonization and invasion. Furthermore, significant parameters of Salmonella including growth physiology, nutrient availability, pH, and energy status are considered contributing factors in the GI tract ecology. Approaches for limiting Salmonella colonization have been primarily based on the microbial ecology of the intestinal tract. In vitro studies have shown that the toxic effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) to some Enterobacteriaceae, including Salmonella, have resulted in a reduction in population. In addition, it has been established that native intestinal microorganisms such as Lactobacilli provide protective mechanisms against Salmonella in the ceca. A clear understanding of the key factors involved in Salmonella colonization in the avian GI tract has the potential to lead to better approach for more effective control of this foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Dunkley
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2472, USA
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