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Aggarwal P, Malik R, Sarawagi R, Kumar A, Sharma J. Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Perianal Abscess: Role and Comparison With Contrast-Enhanced MRI. Cureus 2024; 16:e59035. [PMID: 38800169 PMCID: PMC11128151 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perianal abscess is a clinical infective and/or inflammatory collection in the perianal region, one entity of a large group of anal and perianal disorders. Perianal abscesses are often seen as a complication of grade 2 and grade 4 perianal fistulas from St. James's University Hospital classification. Several imaging modalities have been tried in the past for adequate assessment of perianal abscess with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) providing the most accurate results. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an emerging sequence that can provide comparable results to CE-MRI in diagnosing and characterizing perianal abscess. The main objective of this study is to assess the role of DWI in adequate identification and assessment of perianal abscess and compare the final results with contrast-enhanced images. METHODS Twenty patients with complicated perianal fistula with clinically suspected perianal abscess were evaluated with DWI and CE-MRI. This study was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India. Chi-square test was done to find the association between categorical variables. Kappa test was used to find the agreement between two different tests. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was done to estimate the area under the curve in predicting the outcome. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were used to measure the validity of the tests. RESULTS DWI is a very sensitive MRI sequence and is equivalent to CE-MRI to detect the location and analyzing the loco-regional extent of abscess in complicated perianal fistula cases. DWI is also very sensitive and superior to T2 short tau inversion recovery (STIR) in differentiating perianal abscess from perianal inflammation without abscess. CONCLUSION DWI can be used as an alternative to post-contrast fat-suppressed MRI in precisely defining the location and extent of anal and perianal abscesses and disease activity in complicated fistula cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Aggarwal
- Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Rajesh Malik
- Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Radha Sarawagi
- Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Aman Kumar
- Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Jitendra Sharma
- Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
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2
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Yin H, Luo B, Wang Q, Hong Z, Chen H, Shen L, Shen B, Hu B. Differences in Gut Microbiota between Healthy Individuals and Patients with Perianal Abscess before and after Surgery. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1165916. [PMID: 37091905 PMCID: PMC10115528 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1165916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery is the most important treatment for perianal abscesses. However, the gut microbiota of patients with perianal abscess and the effects of perianal abscess on the gut microbiota after surgery are unknown. In this study, significant changes in interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the blood of healthy subjects, patients with perianal abscesses, and patients after perianal abscess surgery were identified. 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to detect the changes in the gut microbiota among 30 healthy individuals and 30 patients with perianal abscess before and after surgery. Venn diagrams and alpha diversity analyses indicated differences in the abundance and uniformity of gut microbiota between the healthy individuals and patients with perianal abscesses before and after surgery. Beta diversity analysis indicated that the grouping effects among the control, abscess, and surgery groups were good. The classification and compositional analysis showed significant differences in the gut microbiota between healthy individuals and patients with perianal abscesses before and after surgery. LEfSe analysis, random forest analysis, and ROC curve analysis showed that Klebsiella (AUC = 0.7467) and Bilophila (AUC = 0.72) could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of perianal abscess. The functional prediction results showed that the differential microbiota is significantly enriched in the pathways related to nutrition and drug metabolism. This study may have important implications for the clinical management and prognostic assessment of patients with perianal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhai Yin
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Bairu Luo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Hong
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Lidong Shen
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Surgery, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang, China
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3
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Chaudhry R, Antony B, Batra P, Prakash O. Editorial on the first webinar of the Anaerobic Forum of India. Anaerobe 2022; 78:102650. [PMID: 36273718 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Beena Antony
- Department of Microbiology, Father Muller Medical College, Manglore, India
| | - Priyam Batra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
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4
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Hwang J, Rick J, Hsiao J, Hamzavi IH, Shi VY. Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Current Evidence and Practice. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-021-00349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Li Y, Ma H, Xue L, Chen H, Pang R, Shang Y, Luo J, Xie X, Zhang J, Ding Y, Chen M, Wang J, Wu Q. Imbalanced Dermic Microbiome Aggravates Inflammation in Toenail Paronychia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:781927. [PMID: 34926325 PMCID: PMC8677670 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.781927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiome influences skin immunity, but its function in toenail health remains unclear. Paronychia is one of the most common inflammatory toenail diseases, but antibiotic treatment is seldom effective in clinical cases. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the characteristics of microbes associated with paronychia in order to identify the key microorganisms involved in inflammation. Seventy dermic samples were collected from patients with paronychia and the differences in dermic microbiota were analyzed in patients with different inflammation severities. Distinct clustering of dermal microbiota was observed in the dermis with different inflammation severities. A higher relative abundance of anaerobic microorganisms such as Parvimona, Prevotella, and Peptoniphilus was observed in severe paronychia, whereas Lactobacillus disappeared with disease progression. Co-occurring network analysis suggested that the disturbance of the dermic microbiome and attenuation of antagonism by Lactobacillus against anaerobic pathogens may aggravate inflammation in paronychia. Functional analysis showed that dermic microbiome disturbance may worsen microbial metabolism and tissue repair in the skin. In conclusion, we revealed that an increased abundance of anaerobic microorganisms and loss of Lactobacillus in the dermis may promote paronychia progression and microbiological imbalance may aggravate inflammation in patients with paronychia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Updike SW, Sletten Z. Occult Perirectal Abscess Causing Acute Urinary Retention. Cureus 2021; 13:e12461. [PMID: 33552778 PMCID: PMC7854337 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a common symptom evaluated in the emergency department. It is generally due to an obstructive process such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and can be treated simply with an indwelling foley catheter and urological follow up. Perirectal abscess is a relatively rare cause of urinary retention with no documented prevalence but when present is almost universally accompanied by perirectal pain. We present a 53-year-old male with a four-day history of urinary retention without perirectal pain or additional symptoms, who was found to have a perirectal abscess on digital rectal exam (DRE) and confirmed on computed tomography (CT) imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve W Updike
- Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Zachary Sletten
- Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
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7
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Rasane RK, Centeno Coleoglou AA, Horn CB, Torres MB, Nohra E, Zhang Q, Bochicchio KM, Ilahi ON, Mazuski JE, Bochicchio GV. Inadequate Antibiotic Therapy Results in Higher Recurrence Rate after Drainage of Complicated Peri-Rectal Abscess. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020; 21:823-827. [PMID: 32175822 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2019.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recommended treatment for complicated peri-rectal abscess is incision and drainage (I&D) in conjunction with antibiotics. However, there is no standard antibiotic regimen for post-operative therapy described in the published literature. Our hypothesis was that appropriate post-operative antibiotic therapy after emergency I&D of complicated peri-rectal abscess will improve patient outcomes. Methods: Data from 58 patients with complicated peri-rectal abscess who underwent emergency I&D were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic, microbiologic, and antibiotic data were abstracted. Adequateness of antibiotics was judged by susceptibility data when available or by comparing the antibiotic spectrum with the type of organisms grown in culture when susceptibility data were not available. The Student t-test and χ2 test were used to analyze continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariable analysis was used to adjust for confounding variables influencing recurrence rates. Results: Of the 58 patients reviewed, 12 were excluded because there was no culture information available or the culture showed no growth. Of the remaining 46 patients, 33 (72%) were male and 29 (63%) were African American. The mean age was 39.4 ± 16.4 years and the Body Mass Index was 28.4 ± 6.6 kg/m2. Culture data revealed mixed aerobic/anaerobic organisms in 17 (37%), mixed aerobic organisms in 15 (32.6%), gram-positive organisms in 9 (19.6%), gram-negative organisms in 2 (4.4%), and other organisms in 3 (6.6%). Twenty-five patients (54.4%) received adequate antibiotic coverage with the remainder inadequately covered. The inadequate antibiotic therapy cohort had a higher re-admission rate for abscess recurrence (n = 6 [28.6%] versus n = 1 [4%]; p = 0.021). More than half were readmitted 30 days or more after the index procedure. There were no differences in length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit LOS, or Charlson Comorbidity Index between the groups. Conclusion: Inadequate antibiotic coverage after I&D of complicated peri-rectal abscess resulted in a six-fold increase in the re-admission rate. A standard oral protocol combining antibiotics covering typical gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms should provide adequate coverage after surgical drainage. Additional prospective studies are needed to elucidate the optimal antibiotic regimen for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit K Rasane
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Marlon Barboza Torres
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Eden Nohra
- Department of Surgery, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelly M Bochicchio
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Obeid N Ilahi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John E Mazuski
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grant V Bochicchio
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Maraki S, Evangelou G, Stafylaki D, Scoulica E. Actinotignum schaalii subcutaneous abscesses in a patient with hidradenitis suppurativa: Case report and literature review. Anaerobe 2016; 43:43-46. [PMID: 27913316 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic rod that is typically involved in urinary tract infections in elderly patients or those with underlying urological pathologies. In contrast, abscess formation caused by A. schaalii is very rare. We present a case of multiple abscesses in the perineal area in a young patient with hidradenitis suppurativa associated with A. schaalii and Prevotella melaninogenica and review the relevant literature on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maraki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - George Evangelou
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitra Stafylaki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Efstathia Scoulica
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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9
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Abstract
Alteration in the host microbiome at skin and mucosal surfaces plays a role in the function of the immune system, and may predispose immunocompromised patients to infection. Because obligate anaerobes are the predominant type of bacteria present in humans at skin and mucosal surfaces, immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for serious invasive infection due to anaerobes. Laboratory approaches to the diagnosis of anaerobe infections that occur due to pyogenic, polymicrobial, or toxin-producing organisms are described. The clinical interpretation and limitations of anaerobe recovery from specimens, anaerobe-identification procedures, and antibiotic-susceptibility testing are outlined. Bacteriotherapy following analysis of disruption of the host microbiome has been effective for treatment of refractory or recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and may become feasible for other conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre L Church
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of Calgary, and Division of Microbiology, Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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10
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Guet-Revillet H, Coignard-Biehler H, Jais JP, Quesne G, Frapy E, Poirée S, Le Guern AS, Le Flèche-Matéos A, Hovnanian A, Consigny PH, Lortholary O, Nassif X, Nassif A, Join-Lambert O. Bacterial pathogens associated with hidradenitis suppurativa, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 20:1990-8. [PMID: 25418454 PMCID: PMC4257786 DOI: 10.3201/eid2012.140064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a skin disease characterized by recurrent nodules or abscesses and chronic suppurating lesions. In the absence of clear pathophysiology, HS is considered to be an inflammatory disease and has no satisfactory medical treatment. Recently, prolonged antimicrobial treatments were shown to improve or resolve HS lesions. We prospectively studied the microbiology of 102 HS lesions sampled from 82 patients using prolonged bacterial cultures and bacterial metagenomics on 6 samples. Staphylococcus lugdunensis was cultured as a unique or predominant isolate from 58% of HS nodules and abscesses, and a polymicrobial anaerobic microflora comprising strict anaerobes, milleri group streptococci, and actinomycetes was found in 24% of abscesses or nodules and in 87% of chronic suppurating lesions. These data show that bacteria known to cause soft tissue and skin infections are associated with HS lesions. Whether these pathogens are the cause of the lesions or are secondary infectious agents, these findings support targeted antimicrobial treatment of HS.
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11
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Nikolakis G, Join-Lambert O, Karagiannidis I, Guet-Revillet H, Zouboulis CC, Nassif A. Bacteriology of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: A review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 73:S12-8. [PMID: 26470608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Given that follicular papules and pustules, as well as nodules and abscesses, are the clinical hallmarks of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), an infectious, bacterial pathway has been suspected in the pathogenesis of this chronic, inflammatory condition. Elucidating the behavior and role of bacterial species in HS and their interaction with cutaneous innate immunity will provide more insight into the pathophysiology of this condition. This review of prospective investigations suggests a synergistic relationship between impaired innate immunity and microbial factors in the etiology of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikolakis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany; European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany
| | - Olivier Join-Lambert
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Inserm U1151, équipe 11 "Physiopathologie des infections systémiques", Paris, France; Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ioannis Karagiannidis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany; European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany
| | - Hélène Guet-Revillet
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Inserm U1151, équipe 11 "Physiopathologie des infections systémiques", Paris, France; Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany; European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.
| | - Aude Nassif
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany; Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale, Paris, France; Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris, France
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12
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Molecular and evolutionary analysis of NEAr-iron Transporter (NEAT) domains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104794. [PMID: 25153520 PMCID: PMC4143258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for bacterial survival, being required for numerous biological processes. NEAr-iron Transporter (NEAT) domains have been studied in pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria to understand how their proteins obtain heme as an iron source during infection. While a 2002 study initially discovered and annotated the NEAT domain encoded by the genomes of several Gram-positive bacteria, there remains a scarcity of information regarding the conservation and distribution of NEAT domains throughout the bacterial kingdom, and whether these domains are restricted to pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to expand upon initial bioinformatics analysis of predicted NEAT domains, by exploring their evolution and conserved function. This information was used to identify new candidate domains in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms. We also searched metagenomic datasets, specifically sequence from the Human Microbiome Project. Here, we report a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of 343 NEAT domains, encoded by Gram-positive bacteria, mostly within the phylum Firmicutes, with the exception of Eggerthella sp. (Actinobacteria) and an unclassified Mollicutes bacterium (Tenericutes). No new NEAT sequences were identified in the HMP dataset. We detected specific groups of NEAT domains based on phylogeny of protein sequences, including a cluster of novel clostridial NEAT domains. We also identified environmental and soil organisms that encode putative NEAT proteins. Biochemical analysis of heme binding by a NEAT domain from a protein encoded by the soil-dwelling organism Paenibacillus polymyxa demonstrated that the domain is homologous in function to NEAT domains encoded by pathogenic bacteria. Together, this study provides the first global bioinformatics analysis and phylogenetic evidence that NEAT domains have a strong conservation of function, despite group-specific differences at the amino acid level. These findings will provide information useful for future projects concerning the structure and function of NEAT domains, particularly in pathogens where they have yet to be studied.
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13
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Chinniah N, Cains GD. Moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa treated with biological therapies. Australas J Dermatol 2014; 55:128-31. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey David Cains
- Department of Dermatology; Liverpool Hospital; Liverpool Australia
- University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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14
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Chiu CM, Lin FM, Chang TH, Huang WC, Liang C, Yang T, Wu WY, Yang TL, Weng SL, Huang HD. Clinical detection of human probiotics and human pathogenic bacteria by using a novel high-throughput platform based on next generation sequencing. J Clin Bioinforma 2014; 4:1. [PMID: 24418497 PMCID: PMC3901789 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human body plays host to a vast array of bacteria, found in oral cavities, skin, gastrointestinal tract and the vagina. Some bacteria are harmful while others are beneficial to the host. Despite the availability of many methods to identify bacteria, most of them are only applicable to specific and cultivable bacteria and are also tedious. Based on high throughput sequencing technology, this work derives 16S rRNA sequences of bacteria and analyzes probiotics and pathogens species. RESULTS We constructed a database that recorded the species of probiotics and pathogens from literature, along with a modified Smith-Waterman algorithm for assigning the taxonomy of the sequenced 16S rRNA sequences. We also constructed a bacteria disease risk model for seven diseases based on 98 samples. Applicability of the proposed platform is demonstrated by collecting the microbiome in human gut of 13 samples. CONCLUSIONS The proposed platform provides a relatively easy means of identifying a certain amount of bacteria and their species (including uncultivable pathogens) for clinical microbiology applications. That is, detecting how probiotics and pathogens inhabit humans and how affect their health can significantly contribute to develop a diagnosis and treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Min Chiu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Mao Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
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Chiang YR, Li A, Leu YL, Fang JY, Lin YK. An in vitro study of the antimicrobial effects of indigo naturalis prepared from Strobilanthes formosanus Moore. Molecules 2013; 18:14381-96. [PMID: 24284490 PMCID: PMC6270593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigo naturalis is effective in treating nail psoriasis coexisting with microorganism infections. This study examines the antimicrobial effects of indigo naturalis prepared from Strobilanthes formosanus Moore. Eight bacterial and seven fungal strains were assayed using the agar diffusion method to examine the effects of indigo naturalis and its bioactive compounds. The bioactive compounds of indigo naturalis were purified sequentially using GFC, TLC, and HPLC. Their structures were identified using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. UPLC-MS/MS was applied to compare the metabolome profiles of indigo naturalis ethyl-acetate (EA) extract and its source plant, Strobilanthes formosanus Moore. The results of in vitro antimicrobial assays showed that indigo naturalis EA-extract significantly (≥1 mg/disc) inhibits Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and mildly inhibits non-dermatophytic onychomycosis pathogens (Aspergillus fumigates and Candida albicans), but has little effect on dermatophyes. Isatin and tryptanthrin were identified as the bioactive compounds of indigo naturalis using S. aureus and S. epidermis as the bioassay model. Both bioactive ingredients had no effect on all tested fungi. In summary, indigo naturalis prepared from Strobilanthesformosanus Moore exhibits antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus and non-dermatophytic onychomycosis pathogens. Tryptanthrin and isatin may be its major bioactive ingredients against Staphylococcus and the inhibitory effect on MRSA may be due to other unidentified ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ann Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mails: (A.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mails: (A.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 303, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-2-2431-3131 (ext. 2777); Fax: +886-2-2546-2083
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Nelson A, De Soyza A, Perry JD, Sutcliffe IC, Cummings SP. Polymicrobial challenges to Koch's postulates: ecological lessons from the bacterial vaginosis and cystic fibrosis microbiomes. Innate Immun 2012; 18:774-83. [PMID: 22377802 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912439910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Koch's postulates have shaped our understanding of infectious diseases; however, one of the tangential consequences of them has been the emergence of a predominantly monomicrobial perspective concerning disease aetiology. This orthodoxy has been undermined by the growing recognition that some important infectious diseases have a polymicrobial aetiology. A significant new development in our understanding of polymicrobial infections is the recognition that they represent functional ecosystems and that to understand such systems and the outcome and impact of therapeutic interventions requires an understanding of how these communities arise and develop. Therefore, it is timely to explore what we can learn from other fields. In particular, ecological theory may inform our understanding of how polymicrobial communities assemble their structure and their dynamics over time. Such work may also offer insights into how such communities move from stable to unstable states, as well as the role of invasive pathogens in the progression of the disease. Ecological theory offers a theoretical framework around which testable hypotheses can be developed to clarify the polymicrobial nature and dynamics of such infections in the face of environmental change and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Nelson
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Alauzet C, Marchandin H, Lozniewski A. New insights into Prevotella diversity and medical microbiology. Future Microbiol 2011; 5:1695-718. [PMID: 21133690 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of recent studies based on cultivation-independent methods, it appears that the diversity of Prevotella in human microbiota is greater than was previously assumed from cultivation-based studies, and that the implication of these bacteria in several human diseases was unrecognized. While some Prevotella taxa were found during opportunistic infections, changes in Prevotella abundance and diversity were discovered during dysbiosis-associated diseases. As member of the microbiota, Prevotella may also be considered as a reservoir for resistance genes. Greater knowledge on Prevotella diversity, as well as new insights into its pathogenic potential and implication in dysbiosis are expected from the use of human microbe identification microarrays, from whole-genome sequence analyse, and from the NIH Human Microbiome Project data. New approaches, including molecular-based methods, could contribute to improve the diagnosis of Prevotella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentine Alauzet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, EA 4369, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy Université, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Liu YH, Yen YT, Liu TJ, Yang YC, Wang CY, Wu WM, Ho JC, Cheng YW. Bacteriological examination of inflamed epidermal cysts: a survey between 2008 and 2009 at a hospital in southern Taiwan. DERMATOL SIN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1027-8117(10)60022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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