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Corino C, Di Giancamillo A, Modina SC, Rossi R. Prebiotic Effects of Seaweed Polysaccharides in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1573. [PMID: 34072221 PMCID: PMC8229765 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure environmental sustainability, according to the European Green Deal and to boost the One Health concept, it is essential to improve animals' health and adopt sustainable and natural feed ingredients. Over the past decade, prebiotics have been used as an alternative approach in order to reduce the use of antimicrobials, by positively affecting the gut microbiota and decreasing the onset of several enteric diseases in pig. However, dietary supplementation with seaweed polysaccharides as prebiotics has gained attention in recent years. Seaweeds or marine macroalgae contain several polysaccharides: laminarin, fucoidan, and alginates are found in brown seaweeds, carrageenan in red seaweeds, and ulvan in green seaweeds. The present review focuses on studies evaluating dietary seaweed polysaccharide supplementation in pig used as prebiotics to positively modulate gut health and microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raffaella Rossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.); (S.C.M.)
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2
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Stable Recombinant-Gene Expression from a Ligilactobacillus Live Bacterial Vector via Chromosomal Integration. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00392-21. [PMID: 33741626 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00392-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease control in animal production systems requires constant vigilance. Historically, the application of in-feed antibiotics to control bacteria and improve performance has been a much-used approach to maintain animal health and welfare. However, the widespread use of in-feed antibiotics is thought to increase the risk of antibiotic resistance developing. Alternative methods to control disease and maintain productivity need to be developed. Live vaccination is useful in preventing colonization of mucosa-dwelling pathogens by inducing a mucosal immune response. Native poultry isolate Ligilactobacillus agilis La3 (previously Lactobacillus agilis) has been identified as a candidate for use as a live vector to deliver therapeutic proteins such as bacteriocins, phage endolysins, or vaccine antigens to the gastrointestinal tract of chickens. In this study, the complete genome sequence of L. agilis La3 was determined and transcriptome analysis was undertaken to identify highly expressed genes. Predicted promoter regions and ribosomal binding sites from constitutively expressed genes were used to construct recombinant protein expression cassettes. A series of double-crossover shuttle plasmids were constructed to facilitate rapid selectable integration of expression cassettes into the L agilis La3 chromosome via homologous recombination. Inserts showed 100% stable integration over 100 generations without selection. A positive relationship was found between protein expression levels and the predicted strength of the promoters. Using this system, stable chromosomal expression of a Clostridium perfringens antigen, rNetB, was demonstrated without selection. Finally, two recombinant strains, L agilis La3::P eft -rnetB and L agilis La3::P cwah -rnetB, were constructed and characterized, and they showed potential for future application as live vaccines in chickens.IMPORTANCE Therapeutic proteins such as antigens can be used to prevent infectious diseases in poultry. However, traditional vaccine delivery by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection generally has not proven effective for mucosa-dwelling microorganisms that live within the gastrointestinal tract. Utilizing live bacteria to deliver vaccine antigens directly to the gut immune system can overcome some of the limitations of conventional vaccination. In this work, Ligilactobacillus agilis La3, an especially effective gut colonizer, has been analyzed and engineered with modular and stable expression systems to produce recombinant proteins. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, expression of a vaccine antigen from poultry pathogen Clostridium perfringens was monitored over 100 generations without selection and found to be completely stable. This study demonstrates the development of genetic tools and novel constitutive expression systems and further development of L. agilis La3 as a live delivery vehicle for recombinant proteins.
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Vigors S, O’Doherty JV, Rattigan R, McDonnell MJ, Rajauria G, Sweeney T. Effect of a Laminarin Rich Macroalgal Extract on the Caecal and Colonic Microbiota in the Post-Weaned Pig. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18030157. [PMID: 32168972 PMCID: PMC7143854 DOI: 10.3390/md18030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with 300 ppm of a laminarin rich macroalgal extract reduces post-weaning intestinal dysfunction in pigs. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of laminarin on the intestinal microbiome during this period is essential to inform on the mode of action of this bioactivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing the diet of newly weaned pigs with 300 ppm of a laminarin rich extract, on animal performance, volatile fatty acids, and the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pigs fed the laminarin-supplemented diet had higher average daily feed intake, growth rate, and body weight compared to pigs fed the control diet (p < 0.05). Pigs fed the laminarin-supplemented diet had reduced abundance of OTUs assigned to Enterobacteriaceae and increased abundance of OTUs assigned to the genus Prevotella (p < 0.05) compared to pigs fed the control diet. Enterobacteriaceae had negative relationships (p < 0.05) with average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and butyric acid concentrations. In contrast, Prevotellaceae were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with ADFI, ADG, total VFA, acetic, propionic, butyric acids, and negatively correlated with isovaleric acid. Hence supplementation with a laminarin enriched extract potentially improves performance during the post-weaning period by promoting the proliferation of bacterial taxa such as Prevotella that favourably enhance nutrient digestion while reducing the load of potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa including Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stafford Vigors
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; (S.V.); (R.R.); (M.J.M.); (G.R.)
| | - John V O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; (S.V.); (R.R.); (M.J.M.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3531-716-7128
| | - Ruth Rattigan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; (S.V.); (R.R.); (M.J.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Mary J McDonnell
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; (S.V.); (R.R.); (M.J.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; (S.V.); (R.R.); (M.J.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland;
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Cherry P, Yadav S, Strain CR, Allsopp PJ, McSorley EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity? Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E327. [PMID: 31159359 PMCID: PMC6627129 DOI: 10.3390/md17060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit", which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Supriya Yadav
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Conall R Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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Shang Q, Jiang H, Cai C, Hao J, Li G, Yu G. Gut microbiota fermentation of marine polysaccharides and its effects on intestinal ecology: An overview. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:173-185. [PMID: 29111040 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota that resides in the mammalian intestine plays a critical role in host health, nutrition, metabolic and immune homeostasis. As symbiotic bacteria, these microorganisms depend mostly on non-digestible fibers and polysaccharides as energy sources. Dietary polysaccharides that reach the distal gut are fermented by gut microbiota and thus exert a fundamental impact on intestinal ecology. Marine polysaccharides contain a class of dietary fibers that are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries (e.g., agar and carrageenan). In this regard, insights into fermentation of marine polysaccharides and its effects on intestinal ecology are of vital importance for understanding the beneficial effects of these glycans. Here, in this review, to provide an overlook of current advances and facilitate future studies in this field, we describe and summarize up-to-date findings on how marine polysaccharides are metabolized by gut microbiota and what effects these polysaccharides have on intestinal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Shang Q, Shan X, Cai C, Hao J, Li G, Yu G. Dietary fucoidan modulates the gut microbiota in mice by increasing the abundance ofLactobacillusandRuminococcaceae. Food Funct 2016; 7:3224-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00309e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a new insight into the well-recognized beneficial effects of dietary fucoidan by demonstrating its positive modulations on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Xindi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- Ministry of Education
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
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7
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Lee DG, Park SY, Chung WS, Park JH, Hwang E, Mavlonov GT, Kim IH, Kim KY, Yi TH. Fucoidan Prevents the Progression of Osteoarthritis in Rats. J Med Food 2015; 18:1032-41. [PMID: 26197088 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fucoidan (extract from Hizikia fusiforme) on symptoms and inflammatory cytokine activation in rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). Forty male SD rats were divided into five groups, including normal, negative control (MIA), positive control (Lyprinol), and two experimental groups treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg fucoidan. Weight-bearing assessments were done after MIA injection into the right knee to induce OA. After 14 days of treatment, microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) images were made of rat knee joints, and then animals were sacrificed for joint histology and inflammatory cytokine level assessments. MIA injection successfully induced OA by causing 40% weight-bearing imbalance, severe bone loss and cartilage degeneration, and markedly increased cytokine levels. However, fucoidan groups showed over 45% of imbalance and no articular cartilage surface lesions or change in subchondral trabecular bones in Micro-CT images. Histological analysis revealed that cartilage morphology and cell counts were also normal in the 100 mg/kg fucoidan group. In addition, the 100 mg/kg fucoidan groups exhibited lower serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (30%), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) (48%), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) (65%) compared to the MIA groups. These results suggest that administration of fucoidan prevents the progression of OA in a MIA-induced OA rat model.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Bone and Bones/drug effects
- Cartilage Diseases/prevention & control
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Iodoacetates
- Knee Joint/drug effects
- Knee Joint/metabolism
- Knee Joint/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Polysaccharides/therapeutic use
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sargassum/chemistry
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- X-Ray Microtomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Gil Lee
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- 2 Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Park
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- 3 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Park
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Gafurjon Tom Mavlonov
- 4 Center of Genomic Technologies, Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology , Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - In-Ho Kim
- 5 Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Kim
- 2 Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- 1 Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- 2 Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Technology; Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Technology; Wrocław Poland
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Moroney NC, O'Grady MN, Robertson RC, Stanton C, O'Doherty JV, Kerry JP. Influence of level and duration of feeding polysaccharide (laminarin and fucoidan) extracts from brown seaweed (Laminaria digitata) on quality indices of fresh pork. Meat Sci 2015; 99:132-41. [PMID: 25443973 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of level (450 or 900 mg laminarin (L) and fucoidan (F) /kg feed) and duration (3 or 6 wks) of feeding a seaweed (Laminaria digitata) extract containing L/F on the quality of pork (longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL)) stored in modified atmosphere packs and on organ lipid stability was examined. Mechanisms of L/F antioxidant activity in LTL were evaluated. Plasma total antioxidant status, LTL pH, colour, microbiology and 'eating quality' sensory analysis were unaffected by dietary L/F. 'Visual' sensory descriptors (purchasing appeal and overall visual acceptability) were enhanced (p<0.05) in L/F450-3 LTL. Lipid oxidation was lower (p<0.05) in L/F450-3 and L/F900-3 LTL and reduced in L/F900-6 kidney homogenates. In cooked minced pork, lipid oxidation was not reduced by dietary L/F. Saturated fatty acids were lower (p<0.05) in L/F900-6 LTL. Results indicated L/F in pig diets for 3 weeks enhanced pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Moroney
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - M N O'Grady
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - R C Robertson
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - J V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Lyons Research Farm, University College Dublin, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - J P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Tao X, Xu Z, Wan J. Intestinal microbiota diversity and expression of pattern recognition receptors in newly weaned piglets. Anaerobe 2014; 32:51-56. [PMID: 25528290 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the gastrointestinal microbial diversity and the expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the small intestine during the first week post-weaning in newly weaned piglets. Sixteen piglets were sacrificed on days 0, 1, 4, and 7 post-weaning. Luminal contents from the stomach, ileum, and colon were collected to determine the microbiota diversity; intestinal mucosa from the ileum was collected to assess mRNA expression of PRRs, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs); sections of ileum were examined immunohistochemically to assess the immunoglobulin-secreting cells. The results showed that the number of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands from the ileum and colon contents were significantly reduced in the d 4 post-weaning group. Biodiversity indexes (Shannon-Wiener index, richness index, and evenness index) were significantly decreased in the ileum of weaning groups. These indexes decreased in the colon of the d 4 post-weaning group. No significant differences were obtained in the stomach. With the exception of TLR5, the mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7 increased post-weaning. The mRNA expressions of NOD1 and NOD2 were significantly affected in the d 4 post-weaning group, and there were no significant differences in the d 1 or d 7 post-weaning groups. Analysis of the immunoglobulin-secreting (IgA, IgG, and IgM) cells showed that the ratio of each immunoglobulin was significantly higher on d 7 than d 0. The results revealed that microbial diversity was lower in the ileum and on d 4 post-weaning. Weaning significantly affected the expression of intestinal PRRs mainly on d 1 and d 4 post-weaning. The expression of specific PRRs was triggered by weaning to recognize distinctive microbiota and promote the development and maturation of the intestinal mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China.
| | - Jing Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China
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Lam KL, Chi-Keung Cheung P. Non-digestible long chain beta-glucans as novel prebiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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