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Duc HM, Hoa TTK, Ha CTT, Van Hung L, Van Thang N, Minh Son H, Flory GA. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Pork and Chicken Meat in Vietnam. Pathogens 2024; 13:400. [PMID: 38787252 PMCID: PMC11123724 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens as it can cause food poisoning in humans and necrotic enteritis in both animals and humans. Meat, especially pork and chicken meat, is considered the main vehicle for the transmission of C. perfringens from animals to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, toxinotype, and antimicrobial resistance profile of C. perfringens isolated from pork and chicken meat sold in Vietnam. The isolation results showed that 15/50 (30%) of pork samples and 8/50 (16%) of chicken meat samples were contaminated with C. perfringens. The isolates exhibited their highest resistance rate to tetracycline (21/23; 91.30%) and clindamycin (10/23; 43.48%). On the contrary, their lowest resistance rates were observed in response to imipenem (2/23; 8.70%) and cefoxitin (1/23; 4.35%). In particular, 34.78% (8/23) of C. perfringens isolates were identified to be multidrug-resistant strains. The results of toxin genotyping indicated that all isolates were positive for the cpa gene and belonged to type A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Cam Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Hung
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thang
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
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Beres C, Colobatiu L, Tabaran A, Mihaiu R, Mihaiu M. Prevalence and Characterisation of Clostridium perfringens Isolates in Food-Producing Animals in Romania. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1373. [PMID: 37374875 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) recovered from animal faeces, as well as to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of such isolates. A total of 14 (14/100; 14%) C. perfringens isolates were isolated from the 100 analysed samples (twelve recovered from faecal samples collected from pigs and two from veal calves' faecal samples). The preponderant genotype was type A, with all isolates being cpa-positive. The most potent antimicrobial agents against C. perfringens proved to be vancomycin, rifampicin and lincomycin. A strong resistance to tetracycline (71.4%), penicillin (64.2%), erythromycin (42.8%) and enrofloxacin (35.7%) was also observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis regarding the prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens in food-producing animals in Romania, adding further evidence for the probable role of animals as a source of resistant C. perfringens strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Beres
- Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liora Colobatiu
- Department of Medical Devices, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Tabaran
- Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romolica Mihaiu
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Babes Bolyai University, Mihail Kogalniceanu Street No.1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marian Mihaiu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, Toxin-Typing and Genotyping of Clostridium perfringens in Raw Beef Meats Obtained from Qazvin City, Iran. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030340. [PMID: 35326802 PMCID: PMC8944464 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clostridium perfringens is one of the highest prevailing spore-forming foodborne pathogens, which is widely distributed and causes severe disease and outbreaks in humans and animals. Raw meat and poultry are the main vehicles of this pathogen. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, toxin-encoding genes and genetic diversity of C. perfringens isolates from raw whole and minced meat samples purchased from local markets in Qazvin city, Iran (the source of beef cattle production was also located in Qazvin city, Iran). Methods: We used conventional culture-based and Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion and conventional and arbitrary primer PCR methods. Results: A total of 18 C. perfringens strains were isolated from 133 raw meat samples (13.53%). Up to 44.4 and 55.5% of these isolates were detected in raw minced and whole meat samples, respectively. We found that 72.2, 66.6, 61.1, 37.8 and 33.3% of the C. perfringens isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol antibiotics, respectively. Multidrug resistance was found in 38% of the isolates. Among the four main toxin genes evaluated, the Cpa gene was detected in all isolates, and 61.1% of the isolates were mostly recognized as type A C. perfringens. High levels of genetic diversity were observed among the isolates, and they were classified into five distinct groups. Conclusions: The isolates from whole meat samples were more resistant to antibiotics. However, toxin genes were more detected in the isolates from minced meat samples. Our findings suggest that contamination of raw meat products with multidrug resistant C. perfringens could be regarded as one of the concerning pathogens in these products. Comprehensive monitoring of C. perfringens isolates is strongly recommended.
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Nucleic Acid Amplification-Based Assays for Clostridium perfringens-Associated Diseases: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00363-20. [PMID: 32404484 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00363-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely and accurate methods for detecting Clostridium perfringens-associated diseases (CPAD) are crucial to improve patient care. A number of studies have evaluated the accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) in detecting CPAD, but decisive results about their effectiveness have not been reported. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of NAAT for detecting C. perfringens in clinical diarrheal samples. Five databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library were systematically probed for studies published before 6 December 2019. From 2,632 citations, we identified five eligible studies comprising 817 samples. Three studies (n = 695 samples) compared NAAT with a microbiological culture while the other three studies (n = 322 samples) compared NAAT with an immunoassay. NAAT revealed higher diagnostic accuracy against immunoassay (sensitivity, 0.53 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.7]; specificity, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95 to 0.99]; positive likelihood ratio [PLR], 23.2 [95% CI, 3.49 to 153.98]; negative likelihood ratio [NLR], 0.25 [95% CI, 0 to 245.28]; diagnostic odds ratio [DOR], 74.11 [95% CI, 2.11 to 2,593.7]) than microbiological culture (sensitivity, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.22 to 0.41]; specificity, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93 to 0.97]; PLR, 11.56 [95% CI, 3.87 to 34.6]; NLR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.27 to 1.21]; DOR, 18.1 [95% CI, 4.83 to 67.8]). NAAT pooled specificity was consistently ≥95% against that of applied reference standards. A meta-regression and subgroup analysis of sample condition, gene target, study design, and reference standards could not explain the heterogeneity (P > 0.05) in the diagnostic efficiency. The analysis has demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of NAAT is relatively insufficient to replace traditional reference standards as a single diagnostic test. NAAT can be applied in combination with microbiological culture because of the advantage of time to result and in scenarios where traditional tests are not feasible. Further investigations in this direction with larger sample sizes are still warranted to support our findings.
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Choi Y, Kang J, Lee Y, Seo Y, Lee H, Kim S, Lee J, Ha J, Oh H, Kim Y, Byun KH, Ha SD, Yoon Y. Quantitative microbial risk assessment for Clostridium perfringens foodborne illness following consumption of kimchi in South Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1131-1139. [PMID: 32670667 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to conduct a risk assessment for Clostridium perfringens foodborne illness via kimchi consumption in South Korea. Prevalence of C. perfringens in kimchi, kimchi consumption amount and frequency, and distribution conditions (time and temperature) from manufacture to the home were determined. C. perfringens initial contamination level was estimated using Beta distribution [Beta (6, 79)]. Potential C. perfringens cell counts during distribution were predicted using the Weibull model (primary models, R 2 = 0.923-0.953) and a polynomial model [(δ = 1/(0.2385 + (- 0.0307 × Temp) + (0.0011 × Temp2)), R 2 = 0.719]. Average daily consumption data was assessed using Gamma distribution [1.0444, 91.767, RiskShift (0.16895), RiskTruncate (0, 1078)]. The mean risk of C. perfringens-associated foodborne illness following kimchi consumption was found to be 1.21 × 10-17. These results suggest that the risk of C. perfringens foodborne illness from kimchi consumption, under current conditions, can be considered to be very low in S. Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Yeongeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Kye-Hwan Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
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Stiles BG. Clostridial Binary Toxins: Basic Understandings that Include Cell Surface Binding and an Internal "Coup de Grâce". Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 406:135-162. [PMID: 27380267 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium species can make a remarkable number of different protein toxins, causing many diverse diseases in humans and animals. The binary toxins of Clostridium botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, and C. spiroforme are one group of enteric-acting toxins that attack the actin cytoskeleton of various cell types. These enterotoxins consist of A (enzymatic) and B (cell binding/membrane translocation) components that assemble on the targeted cell surface or in solution, forming a multimeric complex. Once translocated into the cytosol via endosomal trafficking and acidification, the A component dismantles the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton via mono-ADP-ribosylation of globular actin. Knowledge of cell surface receptors and how these usurped, host-derived molecules facilitate intoxication can lead to novel ways of defending against these clostridial binary toxins. A molecular-based understanding of the various steps involved in toxin internalization can also unveil therapeutic intervention points that stop the intoxication process. Furthermore, using these bacterial proteins as medicinal shuttle systems into cells provides intriguing possibilities in the future. The pertinent past and state-of-the-art present, regarding clostridial binary toxins, will be evident in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G Stiles
- Biology Department, Wilson College, Chambersburg, PA, 17201, USA.
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Meng J, Huang X, Song L, Hou B, Qiao M, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Zhang B, Liu F. Effect of storage temperature on bacterial diversity in chicken skin. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:854-863. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
| | - X. Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
| | - L. Song
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
| | - B. Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
| | - M. Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
| | - P. Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Q. Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
| | - B. Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
| | - F. Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou PR China
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Zhang T, Zhang W, Ai D, Zhang R, Lu Q, Luo Q, Shao H. Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens and retail chicken meat in central China. Anaerobe 2018; 54:100-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Regan SB, Anwar Z, Miraflor P, Williams LB, Shetty S, Sepulveda J, Moreh J, Bogdanov S, Haigh S, Lustig A, Gaehde S, Vartanian A, Rubin N, Linden JR. Identification of epsilon toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens strains in American retail food. Anaerobe 2018; 54:124-127. [PMID: 30170047 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Food samples (n = 216) from New York city were tested for the presence of C. perfringens via PCR for specific toxin genes. Thirty-four (16%) samples were positive for C. perfringens. Of these 34, 31 (91.2%) were type A or E, one (2.9%) was type B, and two (5.9%) were type D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha B Regan
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Zuha Anwar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Miraflor
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Libra B Williams
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Shetty
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Juan Sepulveda
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Jake Moreh
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Sam Bogdanov
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Sylvia Haigh
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Abigail Lustig
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Steffi Gaehde
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Vartanian
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Noah Rubin
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R Linden
- Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
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Bakhtiary F, Sayevand HR, Remely M, Hippe B, Indra A, Hosseini H, Haslberger AG. Identification of Clostridium spp. derived from a sheep and cattle slaughterhouse by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rDNA sequencing. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:3232-3240. [PMID: 30065434 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clostridia are widespread and some of them are serious human pathogens. Identification of Clostridium spp. is important for managing microbiological risks in the food industry. Samples derived from sheep and cattle carcasses from a slaughterhouse in Iran were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS using direct transfer and extended direct transfer sample preparation methods and 16S rDNA sequencing. MALDI-TOF MS could identify ten species in 224 out of 240 Clostridium isolates. In comparison to the 16S rDNA sequencing, correct identification rate of the Clostridium spp. at the species level by MALDI-TOF MS technique was 93.3%. 16 isolates were not identified by MALDI-TOF MS but 16s rDNA sequencing identified them as C. estertheticum, C. frigidicarnis, and C. gasigenes species. The most frequently identified Clostridium species were: C. sporogenes (13%), C. cadaveris (12.5%), C. cochlearium (12%) and C. perfringens (10%). Extended direct transfer method [2.26 ± 0.18 log (score)] in comparison to direct transfer method [2.15 ± 0.23 log (score)] improved Clostridium spp. IDENTIFICATION Using a cut-off score of 1.7 was sufficient for accurate identification of Clostridium species. MALDI-TOF MS identification scores for Clostridium spp. decreased with longer incubation time. Clostridium species predominantly were isolated from carcasses after skinning and evisceration steps in the slaughterhouse. MALDI-TOF MS could be an accurate way to identify Clostridium species. Moreover, continuous improvement of the database and MALDI-TOF MS instrument enhance its performance in food control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Bakhtiary
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZAII;2D541, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hamid Reza Sayevand
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZAII;2D541, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Remely
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZAII;2D541, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Berit Hippe
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZAII;2D541, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hedayat Hosseini
- 3Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander G Haslberger
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZAII;2D541, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Yibar A, Cetin E, Ata Z, Erkose E, Tayar M. Clostridium perfringens Contamination in Retail Meat and Meat-Based Products in Bursa, Turkey. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:239-245. [PMID: 29315008 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the incidence of Clostridium perfringens in raw, ready-to-cook (RTC), and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and meat-based products (N = 306) collected from restaurants, supermarkets, and butcher shops in Bursa, Turkey. In addition, we investigated the presence of the C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), as well as cpe genes and their source (chromosomal or plasmid borne). In this study, tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC) agar for classic culture isolation and API and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used to identify C. perfringens and detect cpa and cpe genes from these products, respectively. Seventeen C. perfringens isolates (5.6%) were isolated and identified with API 20A. In addition, 42 of 81 suspicious isolates (51.9%) were identified as C. perfringens using RT-PCR. Of the 81 suspicious isolates tested by RT-PCR, 22 (27.2%) carried the cpe gene either on the plasmid or chromosome. Twenty-one isolates were positive for chromosomal cpe (C-cpe), and one was positive for plasmid-borne cpe (P-cpe). CPE was detected in 31.8% (7/22) of the cpe positive isolates by the PET-RPLA test. In conclusion, C. perfringens and their CPEs were present in raw, RTC, and RTE meat and meat-based foods in this study. It is emphasized that the presence of C. perfringens and the cpe gene in these foods may be a potential risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artun Yibar
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ece Cetin
- 2 Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Namik Kemal University , Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Zafer Ata
- 3 Military Veterinary School and Educational Central Commandership , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Evren Erkose
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tayar
- 1 Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag , Bursa, Turkey
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Giovanardi D, Drigo I, De Vidi B, Agnoletti F, Viel L, Capello K, Berto G, Bano L. Molecular characterization of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from diseased turkeys in Italy. Avian Pathol 2017; 45:376-80. [PMID: 26950690 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1160364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and six Clostridium perfringens field strains, isolated from diseased turkeys in Italy between 2006 and 2015, were toxinotyped by polymerase chain reaction. Strains were derived from intestines (87), livers (17) and subcutaneous tissues (2). In addition to the four major toxins, strains were also screened for NetB toxin, enterotoxin and beta2 toxin encoding genes. The intestinal gross lesions of turkeys with enteric disorders were statistically studied with respect to the presence of C. perfringens beta2 toxin encoding gene and coccidia in the gut. All the isolates belonged to the toxinotype A and were netB negative. Enterotoxin (cpe) and beta2 toxin (cpb2) encoding genes were detected in two (2.63%) and 76 (71.69%) strains, respectively. Toxinotype results agree with the few published reports concerning the genetic characterization of C. perfringens of turkey origin. On the contrary, the presence of netB and cpb2 genes differs from the results of a previous study where these genes were detected respectively in 6.6% and in 0.5% of the tested strains. Necrotic enteritis in turkeys was not statistically correlated either to the presence of cpb2 gene, or to the synergistic effect operated by coccidia, even though a high percentage of birds with these protozoa in the gut showed necrotic enteritis lesions (64.29%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilenia Drigo
- b Microbiology and Diagnostic Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Villorba di Treviso , Italy
| | - Beatrice De Vidi
- b Microbiology and Diagnostic Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Villorba di Treviso , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Agnoletti
- b Microbiology and Diagnostic Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Villorba di Treviso , Italy
| | - Laura Viel
- b Microbiology and Diagnostic Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Villorba di Treviso , Italy
| | - Katia Capello
- c Epidemiological Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Giacomo Berto
- b Microbiology and Diagnostic Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Villorba di Treviso , Italy
| | - Luca Bano
- b Microbiology and Diagnostic Laboratory , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Villorba di Treviso , Italy
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Jiang D, Zhang L, Liu F, Liu C, Liu L, Pu X. An electrochemiluminescence sensor with dual signal amplification of Ru(bpy)32+based on PtNPs and glucose dehydrogenase for diagnosis of gas gangrene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas gangrene is a bacterial infection that produces gas in tissues in gangrene.C. perfringenswith alpha-toxin plays a key role in gas gangrene. Detection ofC. perfringensis highly important in clinical diagnosis of gas gangrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongneng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| | - Xiaoyun Pu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
- Xinqiao Hospital
- Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400037
- China
| |
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