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Morrell EL, Odriozola E, Dorsch MA, Fiorentino MA, Rivera ME, Poppenga R, Navarro MA, Uzal FA, Cantón G. A review of cardiac blackleg in cattle, and report of 2 cases without skeletal muscle involvement in Argentina. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:929-936. [PMID: 36039784 PMCID: PMC9597342 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blackleg is an infectious disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei. Cardiac blackleg has been reported in ruminants as an uncommon presentation of the disease; its pathogenesis is not understood completely. We include here a literature review of cardiac blackleg and a description of 2 cases in 12-15-mo-old feedlot steers in Argentina. Fourteen of 1,190 steers died suddenly over a period of 10 d. Postmortem examinations were performed on 5 of these animals. Grossly, severe, diffuse, fibrinous pericarditis and pleuritis, multifocal necrohemorrhagic myocarditis, diffuse pulmonary congestion, mild splenomegaly, and moderate congestion of meningeal vessels were observed. No significant gross lesions were observed in the skeletal muscles of any animal. Histology was performed on 2 of the steers. The main microscopic features were necrotizing myocarditis with myriad intralesional gram-positive rods with subterminal spores plus fibrinosuppurative pericarditis and pleuritis. C. chauvoei was detected by immunohistochemistry and PCR in the myocardium of both animals. These findings confirm a diagnosis of cardiac blackleg in these 2 steers and presumptively in the other affected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matías A. Dorsch
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,
National University of Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
- Animal Health Research Platform,
National Institute of Agricultural Research, La Estanzuela,
Colonia, Uruguay
| | - María A. Fiorentino
- National Institute of Agricultural
Technology, Balcarce, Argentina
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,
National University of Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - María E. Rivera
- National Institute of Agricultural
Technology, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Robert Poppenga
- Davis Laboratories, School of
Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, CA,
USA
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food
Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA, USA
- Instituto de Patología Animal,
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile,
Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food
Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Germán Cantón
- National Institute of Agricultural
Technology, Balcarce, Argentina
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2
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Prajapati A, Yogisharadhya R, Mohanty NN, Mendem SK, Nizamuddin A, Chanda MM, Shivachandra SB. Whole-genome sequence analysis of Clostridium chauvoei isolated from clinical case of black quarter (BQ) from India. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:328. [PMID: 35576020 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Black quarter (BQ) is an infectious disease affecting cattle and small ruminants worldwide caused by Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium chauvoei. In this study, a draft genome sequence of C. chauvoei NIVEDIBQ1 strain isolated from clinical case of black quarter was analyzed. Sequence analysis indicated that genome had 2653 predicted coding DNA sequences, harbored numerous genes, mobile genetic elements for pathogenesis, and virulence factors. Computational analysis revealed that strain contained 30 virulence-associated genes. An intact genomic region highly similar to the Clostridium phage was present in the genome. Presence of CRISPR systems and the transposon components likely contribute to the genome plasticity. Strain encode diverse spectrum of degradative carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Comparative SNP analysis revealed that the genomes of the C. chauvoei strains analyzed were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of strains and available genome (n = 21) based on whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) and core orthologous genes showed the clustering of strains into two different clusters suggesting geographical links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Prajapati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Karnataka, 560064, Bengaluru, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Karnataka, 560064, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nihar Nalini Mohanty
- CCS-National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, 250609, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mendem
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Karnataka, 560064, Bengaluru, India
| | - Azharuddin Nizamuddin
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, State Semen Collection Centre, Hessarghatta, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560089, India
| | - Mohammed Mudassar Chanda
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Karnataka, 560064, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sathish Bhadravati Shivachandra
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Karnataka, 560064, Bengaluru, India.
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Thomas P, Semmler T, Eichhorn I, Lübke-Becker A, Werckenthin C, Abdel-Glil MY, Wieler LH, Neubauer H, Seyboldt C. First report of two complete Clostridium chauvoei genome sequences and detailed in silico genome analysis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:287-298. [PMID: 28720440 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium (C.) chauvoei is a Gram-positive, spore forming, anaerobic bacterium. It causes black leg in ruminants, a typically fatal histotoxic myonecrosis. High quality circular genome sequences were generated for the C. chauvoei type strain DSM 7528T (ATCC 10092T) and a field strain 12S0467 isolated in Germany. The origin of replication (oriC) was comparable to that of Bacillus subtilis in structure with two regions containing DnaA boxes. Similar prophages were identified in the genomes of both C. chauvoei strains which also harbored hemolysin and bacterial spore formation genes. A CRISPR type I-B system with limited variations in the repeat number was identified. Sporulation and germination process related genes were homologous to that of the Clostridia cluster I group but novel variations for regulatory genes were identified indicative for strain specific control of regulatory events. Phylogenomics showed a higher relatedness to C. septicum than to other so far sequenced genomes of species belonging to the genus Clostridium. Comparative genome analysis of three C. chauvoei circular genome sequences revealed the presence of few inversions and translocations in locally collinear blocks (LCBs). The species genome also shows a large number of genes involved in proteolysis, genes for glycosyl hydrolases and metal iron transportation genes which are presumably involved in virulence and survival in the host. Three conserved flagellar genes (fliC) were identified in each of the circular genomes. In conclusion this is the first comparative analysis of circular genomes for the species C. chauvoei, enabling insights into genome composition and virulence factor variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Thomas
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96A, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Inga Eichhorn
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, Building 35, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, Building 35, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christiane Werckenthin
- LAVES, Lebensmittel- und Veterinärinstitut Oldenburg, Martin-Niemöller-Straße 2, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Y Abdel-Glil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96A, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96A, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christian Seyboldt
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96A, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Rychener L, InAlbon S, Djordjevic SP, Chowdhury PR, Ziech RE, de Vargas AC, Frey J, Falquet L. Clostridium chauvoei, an Evolutionary Dead-End Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28649238 PMCID: PMC5465433 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Full genome sequences of 20 strains of Clostridium chauvoei, the etiological agent of blackleg of cattle and sheep, isolated from four different continents over a period of 64 years (1951–2015) were determined and analyzed. The study reveals that the genome of the species C. chauvoei is highly homogeneous compared to the closely related species C. perfringens, a widespread pathogen that affects human and many animal species. Analysis of the CRISPR locus is sufficient to differentiate most C. chauvoei strains and is the most heterogenous region in the genome, containing in total 187 different spacer elements that are distributed as 30 – 77 copies in the various strains. Some genetic differences are found in the 3 allelic variants of fliC1, fliC2 and fliC3 genes that encode structural flagellin proteins, and certain strains do only contain one or two alleles. However, the major virulence genes including the highly toxic C.chauvoei toxin A, the sialidase and the two hyaluronidases are fully conserved as are the metabolic and structural genes of C. chauvoei. These data indicate that C. chauvoei is a strict ruminant-associated pathogen that has reached a dead end in its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Rychener
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Saria InAlbon
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | | | - Piklu R Chowdhury
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, UltimoNSW, Australia
| | - Rosangela E Ziech
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa MariaSanta Maria, Brazil
| | - Agueda C de Vargas
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa MariaSanta Maria, Brazil
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of Biology, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of FribourgFribourg, Switzerland
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5
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Proteomic analysis and identification of cell surface-associated proteins of Clostridium chauvoei. Anaerobe 2016; 39:77-83. [PMID: 26971466 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Blackleg is a highly fatal disease of cattle and sheep, caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram positive, anaerobic, spore forming bacteria. Cell surface-associated proteins play a major role in inducing the protective immunity. However, the identity of a majority of cell surface-associated proteins of C. chauvoei is not known. In the present investigation, we have used SDS-PAGE, 2D-gel electrophoresis and Western blotting followed by mass spectrometry to identify cell surface-associated proteins of C. chauvoei. Among the identified proteins, which have shown to offer protective antigencity in other bacteria, Enolase, Chaperonin, Ribosomal protein L10, Glycosyl Hydrolase and Flavoprotein were characterized by sequencing and their overexpression in Escherichia coli. In conclusion, cell surface-associated proteins were identified using proteomic approach and the genes for the immunoreactive proteins were expressed, which may prove to be potential diagnostic or vaccine candidates.
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