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Liu X, Guo W, Cui S, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Mao B, Chen W. A Comprehensive Assessment of the Safety of Blautia producta DSM 2950. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050908. [PMID: 33922843 PMCID: PMC8146736 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Blautia has attracted attention for its role in ameliorating host diseases. In particular, Blautia producta DSM 2950 has been considered a potential probiotic due to its ability to mitigate inflammation in poly(I:C) induced HT-29 cells. Thus, to promote the development of indigenous intestinal microorganisms with potential probiotic function, we conducted a comprehensive experimental analysis of DSM 2950 to determine its safety. This comprised a study of its potential virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, genomic islands, antibiotic resistance, and hemolytic activity and a 14-day test of its acute oral toxicity in mice. The results indicated no toxin-related virulence genes in the DSM 2950 genome. Most of the genomic islands in DSM 2950 were related to metabolism, rather than virulence expression. DSM 2950 was sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics but was tolerant of treatment with kanamycin, neomycin, clindamycin, or ciprofloxacin, probably because it possessed the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes. Oral acute toxicity tests indicated that the consumption of DSM 2950 does not cause toxic side effects in mice. Overall, the safety profile of DSM 2950 confirmed that it could be a candidate probiotic for use in food and pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (B.M.); Tel.: +86-510-8591-2155 (B.M.)
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (B.M.); Tel.: +86-510-8591-2155 (B.M.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Isolation of crude oligosaccharides from Hericium erinaceus by integrated membrane technology and its proliferative activity. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tandon H, Sharma A, Wadhwa S, Varadarajan R, Singh R, Srinivasan N, Sandhya S. Bioinformatic and mutational studies of related toxin-antitoxin pairs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis predict and identify key functional residues. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9048-9063. [PMID: 31018964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses an unusually large representation of type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, whose functions and targets are mostly unknown. To better understand the basis of their unique expansion and to probe putative functional similarities among these systems, here we computationally and experimentally investigated their sequence relationships. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic investigations revealed that 51 sequences of the VapBC toxin family group into paralogous sub-clusters. On the basis of conserved sequence fingerprints within paralogues, we predicted functional residues and residues at the putative TA interface that are useful to evaluate TA interactions. Substitution of these likely functional residues abolished the toxin's growth-inhibitory activity. Furthermore, conducting similarity searches in 101 mycobacterial and ∼4500 other prokaryotic genomes, we assessed the relative conservation of the M. tuberculosis TA systems and found that most TA orthologues are well-conserved among the members of the M. tuberculosis complex, which cause tuberculosis in animal hosts. We found that soil-inhabiting, free-living Actinobacteria also harbor as many as 12 TA pairs. Finally, we identified five novel putative TA modules in M. tuberculosis. For one of them, we demonstrate that overexpression of the putative toxin, Rv2514c, induces bacteriostasis and that co-expression of the cognate antitoxin Rv2515c restores bacterial growth. Taken together, our findings reveal that toxin sequences are more closely related than antitoxin sequences in M. tuberculosis Furthermore, the identification of additional TA systems reported here expands the known repertoire of TA systems in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Tandon
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012 and
| | - Arun Sharma
- the Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, P. O. Box 4, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Saruchi Wadhwa
- the Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, P. O. Box 4, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012 and
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- the Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, P. O. Box 4, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | | | - Sankaran Sandhya
- From the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012 and
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Zeng H, Zheng Y, Lin Y, Huang C, Lin S, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Effect of fractionated lotus seed resistant starch on proliferation of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and its structural changes following fermentation. Food Chem 2018; 268:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Klimina KM, Poluektova EU, Danilenko VN. Bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems: Properties, functional significance, and possibility of use (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817050076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Physical and Functional Interplay between MazF 1Bif and Its Noncognate Antitoxins from Bifidobacterium longum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.03232-16. [PMID: 28213540 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03232-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum strain JDM301, a widely used commercial strain in China, encodes at least two MazEF-like modules and one RelBE-like toxin-antitoxin (TA) system in its chromosome, designated MazE1F1Bif, MazE2F2Bif, and RelBEBif, respectively. Bacterial TA systems play an important role in several stress responses, but the relationship between these TA systems is largely unknown. In this study, the interactions between MazF1Bif and MazE2Bif or RelBBif were assessed in B. longum strain JDM301. MazF1Bif caused the degradation of tufABif mRNA, and its toxicity was inhibited by forming a protein complex with its cognate antitoxin, MazE1Bif Notably, MazF1Bif toxicity was also partially neutralized when jointly expressed with noncognate antitoxin MazE2Bif or RelBBif Our results show that the two noncognate antitoxins also inhibited mRNA degradation caused by MazF1Bif toxin. Furthermore, the physical interplay between MazF1Bif and its noncognate antitoxins was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. These results suggest that MazF1Bif can arrest cell growth and that MazF1Bif toxicity can be neutralized by its cognate and noncognate antitoxins. These results imply that JDM301 uses a sophisticated toxin-antitoxin interaction network to alter its physiology when coping with environmental stress.IMPORTANCE Although toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems play an important role in several stress responses, the regulatory mechanisms of multiple TA system homologs in the bacterial genome remain largely unclear. In this study, the relationships between MazE1F1Bif and the other two TA systems of Bifidobacterium longum strain JDM301 were explored, and the interactions between MazF1Bif and MazE2Bif or RelBBif were characterized. In addition, the mRNA degradation activity of MazF1Bif was demonstrated. In particular, the interaction of the toxin with noncognate antitoxins was shown, even between different TA families (MazF1Bif toxin and RelBBif antitoxin) in JDM301. This work provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms of TA systems implicated in the stress responses of bifidobacteria.
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GABA production and structure of gadB/gadC genes in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains from human microbiota. Anaerobe 2016; 42:197-204. [PMID: 27794467 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is an active biogenic substance synthesized in plants, fungi, vertebrate animals and bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria are considered the main producers of GABA among bacteria. GABA-producing lactobacilli are isolated from food products such as cheese, yogurt, sourdough, etc. and are the source of bioactive properties assigned to those foods. The ability of human-derived lactobacilli and bifidobacteria to synthesize GABA remains poorly characterized. In this paper, we screened our collection of 135 human-derived Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains for their ability to produce GABA from its precursor monosodium glutamate. Fifty eight strains were able to produce GABA. The most efficient GABA-producers were Bifidobacterium strains (up to 6 g/L). Time profiles of cell growth and GABA production as well as the influence of pyridoxal phosphate on GABA production were studied for L. plantarum 90sk, L. brevis 15f, B. adolescentis 150 and B. angulatum GT102. DNA of these strains was sequenced; the gadB and gadC genes were identified. The presence of these genes was analyzed in 14 metagenomes of healthy individuals. The genes were found in the following genera of bacteria: Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Alistipes, Odoribacter, Prevotella), Proteobacterium (Esherichia), Firmicutes (Enterococcus), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium). These data indicate that gad genes as well as the ability to produce GABA are widely distributed among lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (mainly in L. plantarum, L. brevis, B. adolescentis, B. angulatum, B. dentium) and other gut-derived bacterial species. Perhaps, GABA is involved in the interaction of gut microbiota with the macroorganism and the ability to synthesize GABA may be an important feature in the selection of bacterial strains - psychobiotics.
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Zaychikova MV, Zakharevich NV, Sagaidak MO, Bogolubova NA, Smirnova TG, Andreevskaya SN, Larionova EE, Alekseeva MG, Chernousova LN, Danilenko VN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Genetic Polymorphisms and Functional Properties and the Possibility of Their Use for Genotyping. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143682. [PMID: 26658274 PMCID: PMC4680722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Various genetic markers such as IS-elements, DR-elements, variable number tandem repeats (VNTR), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in housekeeping genes and other groups of genes are being used for genotyping. We propose a different approach. We suggest the type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, which play a significant role in the formation of pathogenicity, tolerance and persistence phenotypes, and thus in the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the host organism at various developmental stages (colonization, infection of macrophages, etc.), as the marker genes. Most genes of TA systems function together, forming a single network: an antitoxin from one pair may interact with toxins from other pairs and even from other families. In this work a bioinformatics analysis of genes of the type II TA systems from 173 sequenced genomes of M. tuberculosis was performed. A number of genes of type II TA systems were found to carry SNPs that correlate with specific genotypes. We propose a minimally sufficient set of genes of TA systems for separation of M. tuberculosis strains at nine basic genotype and for further division into subtypes. Using this set of genes, we genotyped a collection consisting of 62 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. The possibility of using our set of genes for genotyping using PCR is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Zaychikova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Center for Biotechnology of Antibiotics "BIOAN", Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria O. Sagaidak
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- State University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria G. Alekseeva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Valery N. Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Center for Biotechnology of Antibiotics "BIOAN", Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Draft Genome Sequences of Bifidobacterium angulatum GT102 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis 150: Focusing on the Genes Potentially Involved in the Gut-Brain Axis. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/4/e00709-15. [PMID: 26139716 PMCID: PMC4490845 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00709-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The draft genome sequences of Bifidobacterium angulatum GT102 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis 150 strains isolated from the human intestinal microbiota are reported. Both strains are able to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Detailed genomes analysis will help to understand the role of GABA in the functioning of gut-brain axis.
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