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Scott C, Dias AP, De Buck J. Adherence and metal-ion acquisition gene expression increases during infection with Treponema phagedenis strains from bovine digital dermatitis. Infect Immun 2024:e0011724. [PMID: 38940601 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00117-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital dermatitis (DD) is an ulcerative foot lesion on the heel bulbs of dairy cattle. DD is a polymicrobial disease with no precise etiology, although Treponema spirochetes are found disproportionally abundant in diseased tissue. Within Treponema, several different species are found in DD; however, the species Treponema phagedenis is uniformly found in copious quantities and deep within the skin layers of the active, ulcerative stages of disease. The pathogenic mechanisms these bacteria use to persist in the skin and the precise role they play in the pathology of DD are widely unknown. To explore the pathogenesis and virulence of Treponema phagedenis, newly isolated strains of this species were investigated in a subcutaneous murine abscess model. In the first trial, a dosage study was conducted to compare the pathogenicity of different strains across three different treponemes per inoculum (TPI) doses based on abscess volumes. In the second trial, the expression levels of 11 putative virulence genes were obtained to gain insight into their involvement in pathogenesis. During the RT-qPCR analysis, it was determined that genes encoding for two metal-ion import lipoproteins and two adherence genes were found highly upregulated during infection. Conversely, two genes involved in motility and chemotaxis were found to not be significantly upregulated or utilized during infection. These results were supported by gene expression data from natural M2 lesions of dairy cattle. This gene expression analysis could highlight the preference in strategy for T. phagedenis to persist and adhere in the host rather than engage in motility and disseminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton Scott
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angelica P Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Numata Y, Kikuchi Y, Sato T, Okamoto-Shibayama K, Ando Y, Miyai-Murai Y, Kokubu E, Ishihara K. Novel transcriptional regulator OxtR1 regulates potential ferrodoxin in response to oxygen stress in Treponema denticola. Anaerobe 2024; 87:102852. [PMID: 38614291 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treponema denticola has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Previously, we reported that the potential transcriptional regulator TDE_0259 (oxtR1) is upregulated in the bacteriocin ABC transporter gene-deficient mutant. OxtR1 may regulate genes to adapt to environmental conditions during colonization; however, the exact role of the gene in T. denticola has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated its function using an oxtR1-deficient mutant. METHODS The growth rates of the wild-type and oxtR1 mutant were monitored under anaerobic conditions; their antibacterial agent susceptibility and gene expression were assessed using a liquid dilution assay and DNA microarray, respectively. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to investigate the binding of OxtR1 to promoter regions. RESULTS The growth rate of the bacterium was accelerated by the inactivation of oxtR1, and the mutant exhibited an increased minimum inhibitory concentration against ofloxacin. We observed a relative increase in the expression of genes associated with potential ferrodoxin (TDE_0260), flavodoxin, ABC transporters, heat-shock proteins, DNA helicase, iron compounds, and lipoproteins in the mutant. OxtR1 expression increased upon oxygen exposure, and oxtR1 complementation suppressed the expression of potential ferrodoxin. Our findings also suggested that OxtR1 binds to a potential promoter region of the TDE_0259-260 operon. Moreover, the mutant showed a marginal yet significantly faster growth rate than the wild-type strain under H2O2 exposure. CONCLUSION The oxygen-sensing regulator OxtR1 plays a role in regulating the expression of a potential ferrodoxin, which may contribute to the response of T. denticola to oxygen-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Numata
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuko Okamoto-Shibayama
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yutaro Ando
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yuri Miyai-Murai
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-1-14 Kanda-Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misakicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
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Dumitrescu DG, Hatzios SK. Emerging roles of low-molecular-weight thiols at the host-microbe interface. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102322. [PMID: 37201290 PMCID: PMC10524283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols are an abundant class of cysteine-derived small molecules found in all forms of life that maintain reducing conditions within cells. While their contributions to cellular redox homeostasis are well established, LMW thiols can also mediate other aspects of cellular physiology, including intercellular interactions between microbial and host cells. Here we discuss emerging roles for these redox-active metabolites at the host-microbe interface. We begin by providing an overview of chemical and computational approaches to LMW-thiol discovery. Next, we highlight mechanisms of virulence regulation by LMW thiols in infected cells. Finally, we describe how microbial metabolism of these compounds may influence host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Dumitrescu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Stavroula K Hatzios
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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Fujii T, Aoyama N, Kida S, Taniguchi K, Yata T, Minabe M, Komaki M. Associations between Periodontal Status and Liver Function in the Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4759. [PMID: 37510874 PMCID: PMC10381182 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A relationship between periodontitis and liver function has been suggested. Indeed, patients with severe periodontal disease have been found to be more prone to liver dysfunction. The periodontal inflammatory surface area (PISA) has been shown to be a useful indicator of periodontal and systemic diseases. However, little information is available regarding whether the PISA is associated with liver function markers, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). This study aimed to clarify relationship between liver function markers, AST, ALT, and GGT, and PISA level in a cross-sectional study. The subjects were recruited between 2018 and 2021 at the Medical and Dental Collaboration Center of Kanagawa Dental College Hospital. A periodontal clinical examination was performed, and the PISA was calculated. Peripheral blood samples were collected, and serum levels of liver function markers were measured. The levels of liver function markers were examined in different values of PISA. Participants with high PISA scores were more likely to have increased GGT levels while AST and ALT were not changed with PISA. Increased GGT was found in 10.8% and 29.4% (p = 0.0056), increased AST in 48.2% and 52.9% (p = 0.62), and increased ALT in 35.2% and 47.0% (p = 0.20) among <300 mm2 and ≧300 mm2 PISA groups, respectively. It was found that males with a PISA of 300 mm2 or higher had an elevated level of serum GGT. In conclusion, elevated GGT was found in the high PISA group, particularly in males, while AST and ALT did not differ by PISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Fujii
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norio Aoyama
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kida
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Taniguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yata
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Minabe
- Bunkyou Dori Dental Clinic, 2-4-1 Anagawa, Chiba 263-0024, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Komaki
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
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Liu S, Xie G, Chen M, He Y, Yu W, Chen X, Mao W, Liu N, Zhang Y, Chang Q, Qiao Y, Ma X, Xue J, Jin M, Guo S, Hou Y, Gao Z. Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1121399. [PMID: 36844402 PMCID: PMC9948037 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1121399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral microbiota is closely related to the homeostasis of the oral cavity and lungs. To provide potential information for the prediction, screening, and treatment strategies of individuals, this study compared and investigated the bacterial signatures in periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and methods We collected subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from 112 individuals (31 healthy controls, 24 patients with periodontitis, 28 patients with COPD, and 29 patients with both periodontitis and COPD). The oral microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and diversity and functional prediction analysis were performed. Results We observed higher bacterial richness in individuals with periodontitis in both types of oral samples. Using LEfSe and DESeq2 analyses, we found differentially abundant genera that may be potential biomarkers for each group. Mogibacterium is the predominant genus in COPD. Ten genera, including Desulfovibrio, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Moraxella, Odoribacter, Pseudoramibacter Pyramidobacter, Scardovia, Shuttleworthia and Treponema were predominant in periodontitis. Bergeyella, Lautropia, Rothia, Propionibacterium and Cardiobacterium were the signature of the healthy controls. The significantly different pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) between healthy controls and other groups were concentrated in genetic information processing, translation, replication and repair, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. Conclusions We found the significant differences in the bacterial community and functional characterization of oral microbiota in periodontitis, COPD and comorbid diseases. Compared to gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival plaque may be more appropriate for reflecting the difference of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis patients with COPD. These results may provide potentials for predicting, screening, and treatment strategies for individuals with periodontitis and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Liu
- School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Guofang Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Meifeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Yukun He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Weigang Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Nanxia Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Qin Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Yingying Qiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Xinqian Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtong Jin
- Department of Science and Education, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Shuming Guo
- Nursing department, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Yudong Hou
- School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s hospital, Beijing, China
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Ku JWK, Gan YH. New roles for glutathione: Modulators of bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102012. [PMID: 34090244 PMCID: PMC8182430 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols contain reducing sulfhydryl groups that are important for maintaining antioxidant defense in the cell. Aside from the traditional roles of LMW thiols as redox regulators in bacteria, glutathione (GSH) has been reported to affect virulence and bacterial pathogenesis. The role of GSH in virulence is diverse, including the activation of virulence gene expression and contributing to optimal biofilm formation. GSH can also be converted to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is important for the pathogenesis of certain bacteria. Besides GSH, some bacteria produce other LMW thiols such as mycothiol and bacillithiol that affect bacterial virulence. We discuss these newer reported functions of LMW thiols modulating bacterial pathogenesis either directly or indirectly and via modulation of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wei Kay Ku
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore.
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Phillips L, Chu L, Kolodrubetz D. Multiple enzymes can make hydrogen sulfide from cysteine in Treponema denticola. Anaerobe 2020; 64:102231. [PMID: 32603680 PMCID: PMC7484134 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Treponema denticola is a spirochete that is involved in causing periodontal diseases. This bacterium can produce H2S from thiol compounds found in the gingival crevicular fluid. Determining how H2S is made by oral bacteria is important since this molecule is present at high levels in periodontally-diseased pockets and the biological effects of H2S can explain some of the pathologies seen in periodontitis. Thus, it is of interest to identify the enzyme, or enzymes, involved in the synthesis of H2S by T. denticola. We, and others, have previously identified and characterized a T. denticola cystalysin, called HlyA, which hydrolyzes cysteine into H2S (and pyruvate and ammonia). However, there have been no studies to show that HlyA is, or is not, the only pathway that T. denticola can use to make H2S. To address this question, allelic replacement mutagenesis was used to make a deletion mutant (ΔhlyA) in the gene encoding HlyA. The mutant produces the same amount of H2S from cysteine as do wild type spirochetes, indicating that T. denticola has at least one other enzyme that can generate H2S from cysteine. To identify candidates for this other enzyme, a BLASTp search of T. denticola strain 33520 was done. There was one gene that encoded an HlyA homolog so we named it HlyB. Recombinant His-tagged HlyB was expressed in E. coli and partially purified. This enzyme was able to make H2S from cysteine in vitro. To test the role of HlyB in vivo, an HlyB deletion mutant (ΔhlyB) was constructed in T. denticola. This mutant still made normal levels of H2S from cysteine, but a strain mutated in both hly genes (ΔhlyA ΔhlyB) synthesizes significantly less H2S from cysteine. We conclude that the HlyA and HlyB enzymes perform redundant functions in vivo and are the major contributors to H2S production in T. denticola. However, at least one other enzyme can still convert cysteine to H2S in the ΔhlyA ΔhlyB mutant. An in silico analysis that identifies candidate genes for this other enzyme is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Lianrui Chu
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - David Kolodrubetz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Chathoth K, Martin B, Cornelis P, Yvenou S, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Baysse C. The events that may contribute to subgingival dysbiosis: a focus on the interplay between iron, sulfide and oxygen. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5860280. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This minireview considers the disruption of the host–microbiota harmless symbiosis in the subgingival niche. The establishment of a chronic infection by subversion of a commensal microbiota results from a complex and multiparametric sequence of events. This review narrows down to the interplay between oxygen, iron and sulfide that can result in a vicious cycle that would favor peroxygenic and glutathione producing streptococci as well as sulfidogenic anaerobic pathogens in the subgingival niche. We propose hypothesis and discuss strategies for the therapeutic modulation of the microbiota to prevent periodontitis and promote oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Chathoth
- NuMeCan INSERM U1241, CIMIAD, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Bénédicte Martin
- NuMeCan INSERM U1241, CIMIAD, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux et Microenvironnement, LMSM EA4312, Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
| | - Stéven Yvenou
- NuMeCan INSERM U1241, CIMIAD, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
- NuMeCan INSERM U1241, CIMIAD, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France
- CHU Pontchaillou Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christine Baysse
- NuMeCan INSERM U1241, CIMIAD, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France
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