1
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Lichtenstein JLL, McEwen BL, Primavera SD, Lenihan T, Wood ZM, Carson WP, Costa-Pereira R. Top-down effects of intraspeciflic predator behavioral variation. Oecologia 2024; 205:203-214. [PMID: 38789814 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Among-individual variation in predator traits is ubiquitous in nature. However, variation among populations in this trait variation has been seldom considered in trophic dynamics. This has left unexplored (a) to what degree does among-individual variation in predator traits regulate prey populations and (b) to what degree do these effects vary spatially. We address these questions by examining how predator among-individual variation in functional traits shapes communities across habitats of varying structural complexity, in field conditions. We manipulated Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis) density (six or twelve individuals) and behavioral trait variability (activity level by movement on an open field) in experimental patches of old fields with varying habitat complexity (density of plant material). Then, we quantified their impacts on lower trophic levels, specifically prey (arthropods > 4 mm) and plant biomass. Predator behavioral variability only altered prey biomass in structurally complex plots, and this effect depended on mantis density. In the plots with the highest habitat complexity and mantis density, behaviorally variable groups decreased prey biomass by 40.3%. In complex plots with low mantis densities, low levels of behavioral variability decreased prey biomass by 32.2%. Behavioral variability and low habitat complexity also changed prey community composition, namely by increasing ant biomass by 881%. Our results demonstrate that among-individual trait variation can shape species-rich prey communities. Moreover, these effects depend on both predator density and habitat complexity. Incorporating this important facet of ecological diversity revealed normally unnoticed effects of functional traits on the structure and function of food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L L Lichtenstein
- Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, 06825, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA.
| | - Brendan L McEwen
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Skylar D Primavera
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Thomas Lenihan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Zoe M Wood
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Walter P Carson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Raul Costa-Pereira
- Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-865, Brazil
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2
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Stamps JA, Biro PA. Time-specific convergence and divergence in individual differences in behavior: Theory, protocols and analyzes. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10615. [PMID: 38034332 PMCID: PMC10682899 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, theoreticians and empiricists working in a wide range of disciplines, including physiology, ethology, psychology, and behavioral ecology, have suggested a variety of reasons why individual differences in behavior might change over time, such that different individuals become more similar (convergence) or less similar (divergence) to one another. Virtually none of these investigators have suggested that convergence or divergence will continue forever, instead proposing that these patterns will be restricted to particular periods over the course of a longer study. However, to date, few empiricists have documented time-specific convergence or divergence, in part because the experimental designs and statistical methods suitable for describing these patterns are not widely known. Here, we begin by reviewing an array of influential hypotheses that predict convergence or divergence in individual differences over timescales ranging from minutes to years, and that suggest how and why such patterns are likely to change over time (e.g., divergence followed by maintenance). Then, we describe experimental designs and statistical methods that can be used to determine if (and when) individual differences converged, diverged, or were maintained at the same level at specific periods during a longitudinal study. Finally, we describe why the concepts described herein help explain the discrepancy between what theoreticians and empiricists mean when they describe the "emergence" of individual differences or personality, how they might be used to study situations in which convergence and divergence patterns alternate over time, and how they might be used to study time-specific changes in other attributes of behavior, including individual differences in intraindividual variability (predictability), or genotypic differences in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy A. Stamps
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter A. Biro
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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3
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Yamada H, Wada S. Interpopulation variation of behavioural and morphological traits that affect downstream displacement of the juvenile white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1168-1176. [PMID: 36911967 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Downstream displacement, the passive downstream dispersal of riverine organisms, can generate evolutionary pressures that selectively remove susceptible individuals from upstream habitats. These evolutionary pressures may accumulate over time in fish populations situated upstream of a tall check dam that displaced fish are unable to swim over and can be diluted by the homing of displaced individuals in the absence of such barriers. Here, we conducted interpopulation comparisons between above-dam and unrestricted open-stream populations of the juvenile white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis to test the hypothesis that above-dam juveniles possess more advantageous traits that reduce downstream displacement than open-stream juveniles. We focused on sedentary behaviour and body depth, both of which are known to affect downstream displacement. Interpopulation comparisons revealed that juveniles from above-dam populations were consistently more sedentary than those from open-stream populations. On the other hand, there were no systematic differences in body depth between above-dam and open-stream populations. These results are consistent with the evolution of behaviours in above-dam populations that inhibit downstream displacement. However, several other factors could explain the results obtained and further studies will be needed to confirm the presence of behavioural evolution in our study system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-Cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-Cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
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4
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Environmental variation promotes colour morph-specific behavioural differences in a cichlid fish. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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5
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Fish yawn: the state-change hypothesis in juvenile white-spotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis. J ETHOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-023-00777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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6
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Planidin NP, Reimchen TE. Behavioural responses of threespine stickleback with lateral line asymmetries to experimental mechanosensory stimuli. J Exp Biol 2021; 225:273859. [PMID: 34939652 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural asymmetry, typically referred to as laterality, is widespread among bilaterians and is often associated with asymmetry in brain structure. However, the influence of sensory receptor asymmetry on laterality has undergone limited investigation. Here we use threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to investigate the influence of lateral line asymmetry on laterality during lab simulations of three mechanosensation-dependent behaviours: predator evasion, prey localization and rheotaxis. We recorded the response of stickleback to impacts at the water surface and water flow in photic conditions and low-frequency oscillations in the dark, across four repeat trials. We then compared individuals' laterality to asymmetry in the number of neuromasts on either side of their body. Stickleback hovered with their right side against the arena wall 57% of the time (P<0.001) in illuminated surface impact trials and 56% of the time in (P=0.085) dark low-frequency stimulation trials. Light regime modulated the effect of neuromast count on laterality, as fish with more neuromasts were more likely to hover with the wall on their right during illumination (P=0.007) but were less likely to do so in darkness (P=0.025). Population level laterality diminished in later trials across multiple behaviours and individuals did not show a consistent side bias in any behaviours. Our results demonstrate a complex relationship between sensory structure asymmetry and laterality, suggesting that laterality is modulated multiple sensory modalities and temporally dynamic.
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7
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Andersson ML, Hulthén K, Blake C, Brönmark C, Nilsson PA. Linking behavioural type with cannibalism in Eurasian perch. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260938. [PMID: 34860864 PMCID: PMC8641868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The propensity to kill and consume conspecifics (cannibalism) varies greatly between and within species, but the underlying mechanisms behind this variation remain poorly understood. A rich literature has documented that consistent behavioural variation is ubiquitous across the animal kingdom. Such inter-individual behavioural differences, sometimes referred to as personality traits, may have far-reaching ecological consequences. However, the link between predator personality traits and the propensity to engage in cannibalistic interactions remains understudied. Here, we first quantified personality in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), measured as activity (time spent moving) and sociability (time spent near conspecifics). We then gave perch of contrasting behavioural types the option to consume either conspecific or heterospecific (roach, Rutilus rutilus) prey. Individual perch characterized by a social-active behavioural phenotype (n = 5) selected roach before being cannibalistic, while asocial-inactive perch (n = 17) consumed conspecific and heterospecific prey evenly. Thus, asocial-inactive perch expressed significantly higher rates of cannibalism as compared to social-active individuals. Individual variation in cannibalism, linked to behavioural type, adds important mechanistic understanding to complex population and community dynamics, and also provides insight into the diversity and maintenance of animal personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda L. Andersson
- Division of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaj Hulthén
- Division of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlie Blake
- Division of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christer Brönmark
- Division of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P. Anders Nilsson
- Division of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences—Biology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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8
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A migratory sparrow has personality in winter that is independent of other traits. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Hale MC, McLaughlin R, Wilson C, Mackereth R, Nichols KM. Differential gene expression associated with behavioral variation in ecotypes of Lake Superior brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100884. [PMID: 34303261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Associations between behaviors and the development of different life history tactics have been documented in several species of salmon, trout, and charr. While it is well known that such behaviors are heritable the genes and molecular pathways connected to these behaviors remain unknown. We used an RNA-seq approach to identify genes and molecular pathways differentially regulated in brain tissue between "shy" and "bold" brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). A small number of genes were differentially expressed between the behavioral types at several months after hatching and two years of age. Pathway analysis revealed that EIF2 signaling differed consistently between shy and bold individuals suggesting large-scale differences in protein synthesis between behavioral types in the brain. Additionally, the RNA-seq data were used to find polymorphisms within the brook trout genome and a GWAS approach was used to test for statistical associations between genetic variants and behavior type. One allele located in a transcription factor (TSHZ3) contained a protein-coding non-synonymous SNP suggesting that functional variation within TSHZ3 is connected to the development of different behaviors. These results suggest that the molecular basis of behavioral development is complex and due to the differential expression of many genes involved in a wide-range of different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hale
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.
| | - Robert McLaughlin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Chris Wilson
- Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation Unit, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Robert Mackereth
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Krista M Nichols
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, United States of America
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10
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In situ novel environment assay reveals acoustic exploration as a repeatable behavioral response in migratory bats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8174. [PMID: 33854128 PMCID: PMC8046999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating information on species-specific sensory perception with spatial activity provides a high-resolution understanding of how animals explore environments, yet frequently used exploration assays commonly ignore sensory acquisition as a measure for exploration. Echolocation is an active sensing system used by hundreds of mammal species, primarily bats. As echolocation call activity can be reliably quantified, bats present an excellent model system to investigate intraspecific variation in environmental cue sampling. Here, we developed an in situ roost-like novel environment assay for tree-roosting bats. We repeatedly tested 52 individuals of the migratory bat species, Pipistrellus nathusii, across 24 h, to examine the role of echolocation when crawling through a maze-type arena and test for consistent intraspecific variation in sensory-based exploration. We reveal a strong correlation between echolocation call activity and spatial activity. Moreover, we show that during the exploration of the maze, individuals consistently differed in spatial activity as well as echolocation call activity, given their spatial activity, a behavioral response we term 'acoustic exploration'. Acoustic exploration was correlated with other exploratory behaviors, but not with emergence latency. We here present a relevant new measure for exploration behavior and provide evidence for consistent (short-term) intra-specific variation in the level at which wild bats collect information from a novel environment.
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11
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Esattore B, Šlipogor V, Saggiomo L, Seltmann MW. "How not to judge a deer by its cover": A personality assessment study on captive adult red deer males (Cervus elaphus). Behav Processes 2021; 186:104361. [PMID: 33639253 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Personality is not a uniquely human characteristic and it has been documented in a wide range of organisms, from mammals to birds, reptiles, fish, and invertebrates. However, personality is still poorly understood in Cervids. Therefore, our study aimed to fill this gap by i) investigating personality and ii) exploring its links to dominance hierarchy, assessed by behavioral observations in 11 captive and tame male red deer (Cervus elaphus). Using questionnaires to assess personality, three trained volunteers rated these animals in 15 behaviorally composed adjectives with detailed descriptions, based on their overall impression at the end of the observation period. Behavioral data from animals were collected across three different situations, namely "feeding" (i.e., high competition for a scarce resource), "normal" (i.e., no external stimuli) in a group setting, and "handling" (i.e., stressful situation due to human manipulation) in an individual setting. We estimated dominance hierarchies between the individuals based on situations of average and high competition (i.e., "normal" and "feeding") via the Clutton-Brock Index (CBI). Using Fleiss' Kappa for inter-rater reliability, only five of our 15 behavioral adjectives showed acceptable reliability. Using principal component analysis, four of these adjectives formed one personality component labelled "Confidence/Aggressiveness". We found that although "Confidence/Aggressiveness" did not correlate with CBI, ratings of two adjectives loading onto this component, namely "Confident" and "Submissive", significantly correlated with the CBI, indicating that the questionnaire ratings reflect real behavioral variation in red deer males. Our study provides the first assessment of personality in male red deer and adds to the growing literature on Cervid personality, offering the basis for future personality research in ungulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Esattore
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Praha 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic; Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Vedrana Šlipogor
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA I, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Budweiss, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Saggiomo
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
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12
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Esattore B, Villagrán M, Pluháček J, Komárková M, Dušek A, Kotrba R, Bartošová J, Bartoš L. To beat or not to beat: Behavioral plasticity during the antler growth period affects cortisol but not testosterone concentrations in red deer (Cervus elaphus) males. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 297:113552. [PMID: 32687931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Out of rut, male red deer (Cervus elaphus) associate themselves in bachelor groups where animals compete for rank position via agonistic interactions. In a previous study on red deer, males were recognized either as "Non-Fighters" (NF, low frequency of attacks) or "Fighters" (F, high frequency of attacks). This study, therefore, aims to verify the consistency of the inter-individual differences in fighting attitude across different social contexts and investigate whether they could be considered an individual characteristic. Behavioral consistency was presumed across three different sampling seasons, assuming that NF would have lower cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) concentrations than the F males. In 2015 the males were kept in one large group and labelled NF and F. In 2016, the herd was divided into two subgroups ("NF" and "F") based on the frequency of attacks. Finally, in 2017, the males were divided into two randomly composed subgroups. Data about agonistic behavior and concentration of C and T were collected during each season. In 2015 the individuals differed only for the fighting attitude. After the division, the frequency of the attacks always increased, being consistently lower in NF than in F. Unexpectedly, a slight increase in the concentration of C was detected in the NF in 2016, compared to the F who experienced no difference neither in 2015 nor 2017. No significant differences were found in T. We concluded that, even though the males had shown behavioral plasticity, their diversified interaction-prone attitude had been maintained despite the modifications of the social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Esattore
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic; Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Matías Villagrán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Jan Pluháček
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Komárková
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic; Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Dušek
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kotrba
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic; Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bartošová
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic; Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Bartoš
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic; Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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13
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Börger L, Bijleveld AI, Fayet AL, Machovsky-Capuska GE, Patrick SC, Street GM, Vander Wal E. Biologging Special Feature. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:6-15. [PMID: 32091640 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Allert I Bijleveld
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Samantha C Patrick
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Garrett M Street
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Eric Vander Wal
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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14
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Colchen T, Gisbert E, Ledoré Y, Teletchea F, Fontaine P, Pasquet A. Is a cannibal different from its conspecifics? A behavioural, morphological, muscular and retinal structure study with pikeperch juveniles under farming conditions. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Smith JE, Gamboa DA, Spencer JM, Travenick SJ, Ortiz CA, Hunter RD, Sih A. Split between two worlds: automated sensing reveals links between above- and belowground social networks in a free-living mammal. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0249. [PMID: 29967307 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animals socialize in two or more major ecological contexts. In nature, these contexts often involve one situation in which space is more constrained (e.g. shared refuges, sleeping cliffs, nests, dens or burrows) and another situation in which animal movements are relatively free (e.g. in open spaces lacking architectural constraints). Although it is widely recognized that an individual's characteristics may shape its social life, the extent to which architecture constrains social decisions within and between habitats remains poorly understood. Here we developed a novel, automated-monitoring system to study the effects of personality, life-history stage and sex on the social network structure of a facultatively social mammal, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) in two distinct contexts: aboveground where space is relatively open and belowground where it is relatively constrained by burrow architecture. Aboveground networks reflected affiliative social interactions whereas belowground networks reflected burrow associations. Network structure in one context (belowground), along with preferential juvenile-adult associations, predicted structure in a second context (aboveground). Network positions of individuals were generally consistent across years (within contexts) and between ecological contexts (within years), suggesting that individual personalities and behavioural syndromes, respectively, contribute to the social network structure of these free-living mammals. Direct ties (strength) tended to be stronger in belowground networks whereas more indirect paths (betweenness centrality) flowed through individuals in aboveground networks. Belowground, females fostered significantly more indirect paths than did males. Our findings have important potential implications for disease and information transmission, offering new insights into the multiple factors contributing to social structures across ecological contexts.This article is part of the theme issue 'Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Smith
- Biology Department, Mills College, 5000 MacArthur Blvd., Oakland, CA, 94631, USA
| | - Denisse A Gamboa
- Biology Department, Mills College, 5000 MacArthur Blvd., Oakland, CA, 94631, USA
| | - Julia M Spencer
- Biology Department, Mills College, 5000 MacArthur Blvd., Oakland, CA, 94631, USA
| | - Sarah J Travenick
- Biology Department, Mills College, 5000 MacArthur Blvd., Oakland, CA, 94631, USA
| | - Chelsea A Ortiz
- Biology Department, Mills College, 5000 MacArthur Blvd., Oakland, CA, 94631, USA
| | - Riana D Hunter
- Biology Department, Mills College, 5000 MacArthur Blvd., Oakland, CA, 94631, USA
| | - Andy Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Lichtenstein JLL, Daniel KA, Wong JB, Wright CM, Doering GN, Costa-Pereira R, Pruitt JN. Habitat structure changes the relationships between predator behavior, prey behavior, and prey survival rates. Oecologia 2019; 190:297-308. [PMID: 30707296 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The individual behavioral traits of predators and prey sometimes determine the outcome of their interactions. Here, we examine whether changes to habitat complexity alter the effects of predator and prey behavior on their survival rates. Specifically, we test whether behavioral traits (activity level, boldness, and perch height) measured in predators and prey or multivariate behavioral volumes best predict the survival rates of both trophic levels in staged mesocosms with contrasting structural complexity. Behavioral volumes and hypervolumes are a composite group-level behavioral diversity metric built from the individual-level behavioral traits we measured in predators and prey. We stocked mesocosms with a host plant and groups of cannibalistic predators (n = 5 mantises/mesocosm) and their prey (n = 15 katydids/mesocosm), and mesocosms varied in the presence/absence of additional non-living climbing structures. We found that mantis survival rates were unrelated to any behavioral metric considered here, but were higher in structurally complex mesocosms. Unexpectedly, katydids were more likely to survive when mantis groups occupied larger behavioral volumes, indicating that more behaviorally diverse predator groups are less lethal. Katydid mortality was also increased when both predators and prey exhibited higher average perch heights, but this effect was increased by the addition of supplemental structure. This is consistent with the expectation that structural complexity increases the effect of intraspecific behavioral variation on prey survival rates. Collectively, these results convey that the effects of predator and prey behavior on prey survival could depend highly on the environment in which they are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L L Lichtenstein
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Karis A Daniel
- Department of Biology, Wilson College, Chambersburg, PA, 17201, USA
| | - Joanna B Wong
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Colin M Wright
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Grant Navid Doering
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Raul Costa-Pereira
- Department of Ecology, São Paolo State University, São Paolo, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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17
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Oldham RC, Pintor LM, Gray SM. Behavioral differences within and among populations of an African cichlid found in divergent and extreme environments. Curr Zool 2019; 65:33-42. [PMID: 30697236 PMCID: PMC6347065 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are increasingly faced with human-induced stressors that vary in space and time, thus we can expect population-level divergence in behaviors that help animals to cope with environmental change. However, empirical evidence of behavioral trait divergence across environmental extremes is lacking. We tested for variation in behavioral traits among 2 populations of an African cichlid fish (Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae Seegers, 1990) that experience extremes of dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity and are known to vary in a number of physiological and life history traits associated with these stressors. Using a common garden rearing experiment, F1 progeny from wild-caught parents originating from a swamp (low DO, clear) and a river (high DO, turbid) were reared in high DO, clear water. Predator simulation assays were conducted to test for (1) variation in boldness, general activity, and foraging activity between populations, (2) differences in correlations between behaviors within and across populations, and (3) repeatability of behaviors. There was strong evidence for divergence between populations, with swamp fish being more bold (i.e., leaving refuge sooner after a simulated predator attack) and active (i.e., spent more time out of refuge) than river fish. Across populations there were positive correlations between foraging activity and both boldness and general activity; however, within populations, there was only a strong positive relationship between foraging activity and boldness in the river population. Here, we have demonstrated that populations that originate from drastically different environments can produce progeny that exhibit measurable differences in behaviors and their correlated relationships even when reared under common conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Oldham
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren M Pintor
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Suzanne M Gray
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Cuscó F, Cardador L, Bota G, Morales MB, Mañosa S. Inter-individual consistency in habitat selection patterns and spatial range constraints of female little bustards during the non-breeding season. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:56. [PMID: 30518359 PMCID: PMC6280389 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the factors that affect ranging behavior of animals is a central issue to ecology and an essential tool for designing effective conservation policies. This knowledge provides the information needed to predict the consequences of land-use change on species habitat use, especially in areas subject to major habitat transformations, such as agricultural landscapes. We evaluate inter-individual variation relative to environmental predictors and spatial constraints in limiting ranging behavior of female little bustards (Tetrax tetrax) in the non-breeding season. Our analyses were based on 11 females tracked with GPS during 5 years in northeastern Spain. We conducted deviance partitioning analyses based on different sets of generalized linear mixed models constructed with environmental variables and spatial filters obtained by eigenvector mapping, while controlling for temporal and inter-individual variation. Results The occurrence probability of female little bustards in response to environmental variables and spatial filters within the non-breeding range exhibited inter-individual consistency. Pure spatial factors and joint spatial-habitat factors explained most of the variance in the models. Spatial predictors representing aggregation patterns at ~ 18 km and 3–5 km respectively had a high importance in female occurrence. However, pure habitat effects were also identified. Terrain slope, alfalfa, corn stubble and irrigated cereal stubble availability were the variables that most contributed to environmental models. Overall, models revealed a non-linear negative effect of slope and positive effects of intermediate values of alfalfa and corn stubble availability. High levels of cereal stubble in irrigated land and roads had also a positive effect on occurrence at the population level. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that female little bustard ranging behavior was spatially constrained beyond environmental variables during the non-breeding season. This pattern may result from different not mutually exclusive processes, such as cost–benefit balances of animal movement, configurational heterogeneity of environment or from high site fidelity and conspecific attraction. Measures aimed at keeping alfalfa availability and habitat heterogeneity in open landscapes and flat terrains, in safe places close to breeding grounds, could contribute to protect little bustard populations during the non-breeding season. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0205-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Cuscó
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Cardador
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gerard Bota
- Biodiversity and Animal Conservation Lab, Forest Sciences Center of Catalonia (CTFC), Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys Km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
| | - Manuel B Morales
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santi Mañosa
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Campos-Candela A, Palmer M, Balle S, Álvarez A, Alós J. A mechanistic theory of personality-dependent movement behaviour based on dynamic energy budgets. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:213-232. [PMID: 30467933 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Consistent between-individual differences in movement are widely recognised across taxa. In addition, foraging plasticity at the within-individual level suggests a behavioural dependency on the internal energy demand. Because behaviour co-varies with fast-slow life history (LH) strategies in an adaptive context, as theoretically predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis, mass/energy fluxes should link behaviour and its plasticity with physiology at both between- and within-individual levels. However, a mechanistic framework driving these links in a fluctuating ecological context is lacking. Focusing on home range behaviour, we propose a novel behavioural-bioenergetics theoretical model to address such complexities at the individual level based on energy balance. We propose explicit mechanistic links between behaviour, physiology/metabolism and LH by merging two well-founded theories, the movement ecology paradigm and the dynamic energetic budget theory. Overall, our behavioural-bioenergetics model integrates the mechanisms explaining how (1) behavioural between- and within-individual variabilities connect with internal state variable dynamics, (2) physiology and behaviour are explicitly interconnected by mass/energy fluxes, and (3) different LHs may arise from both behavioural and physiological variabilities in a given ecological context. Our novel theoretical model reveals encouraging opportunities for empiricists and theoreticians to delve into the eco-evolutionary processes that favour or hinder the development of between-individual differences in behaviour and the evolution of personality-dependent movement syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Campos-Candela
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain.,Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, P. O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miquel Palmer
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Salvador Balle
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Alberto Álvarez
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Josep Alós
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain.,Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Is diversionary feeding a useful tool to avoid human-ungulate conflicts? A case study with the aoudad. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Conspecific boldness and predator species determine predation-risk consequences of prey personality. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Mazzamuto MV, Cremonesi G, Santicchia F, Preatoni D, Martinoli A, Wauters LA. Rodents in the arena: a critical evaluation of methods measuring personality traits. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1488768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cremonesi
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Santicchia
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Damiano Preatoni
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinoli
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lucas A. Wauters
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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23
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Näslund J, Wengström N, Wahlqvist F, Aldvén D, Závorka L, Höjesjö J. Behavioral type, in interaction with body size, affects the recapture rate of brown trout Salmo trutta juveniles in their nursery stream. Integr Zool 2018; 13:604-611. [PMID: 29722181 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Movement activity levels of wild animals often differ consistently among individuals, reflecting different behavioral types. Previous studies have shown that laboratory-scored activity can predict several ecologically relevant characteristics. In an experiment on wild brown trout Salmo trutta, spanning from June to October, we investigated how spring swimming activity, measured in a standardized laboratory test, related to relative recapture probability in autumn. Based on laboratory activity scores, individuals clustered into 2 groups, which showed contrasting patterns in the size-dependency of their recapture probability. Size had a slightly positive effect on recapture probability for passive fish but a clear negative effect on active fish. Our results show that the population structure in a cohort, in terms of relative proportions of behavioral types in different size classes, can vary over time. The results of this study could depend on either selective mortality or migration. However, selective disappearance of individuals with specific phenotypes, regardless of the mechanism, will have implications for trout population management, such as stocking efficiency of hatchery fish with high growth rates or maintenance of fishways past migration barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joacim Näslund
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Niklas Wengström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Swedish Anglers Association, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wahlqvist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Aldvén
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Libor Závorka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Höjesjö
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Elias A, Thrower F, Nichols KM. Rainbow trout personality: individual behavioural variation in juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss. BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We evaluated the variation in dispersal, exploration, and aggression across time in juvenile progeny produced from wild caught rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at a critical developmental shift associated with the highest mortality in fish. By testing multiple ecologically relevant behaviours repeatedly in the same individuals, we simultaneously tested multiple hypotheses regarding personality, plasticity, and behavioural syndromes to better understand the innate behavioural variation in a population containing both migratory and resident life histories. There were consistent behavioural differences, or personality, between individuals across time, for dispersal, aggression, and exploration, unrelated to size or sex. The significant repeatabilities (0.10–0.46) indicate that these traits are potentially heritable. Also, we found both habituation in all behaviours and significant differences between individuals in the rate of that habituation, despite no evidence of a behavioural syndrome. The identification of this individual level variation is a step towards understanding which heritable traits selection could influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Elias
- aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- bDepartment of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 112 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Frank Thrower
- cTed Stevens Marine Research Institute, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Krista M. Nichols
- aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- dConservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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25
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Näslund J, Claesson PS, Johnsson JI. Performance of wild brown trout in relation to energetic state and lab-scored activity during the early-life survival bottleneck. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Lichtenstein JLL, Wright CM, McEwen B, Pinter-Wollman N, Pruitt JN. The multidimensional behavioural hypervolumes of two interacting species predict their space use and survival. Anim Behav 2017; 132:129-136. [PMID: 29681647 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual animals differ consistently in their behaviour, thus impacting a wide variety of ecological outcomes. Recent advances in animal personality research have established the ecological importance of the multidimensional behavioural volume occupied by individuals and by multispecies communities. Here, we examine the degree to which the multidimensional behavioural volume of a group predicts the outcome of both intra- and interspecific interactions. In particular, we test the hypothesis that a population of conspecifics will experience low intraspecific competition when the population occupies a large volume in behavioural space. We further hypothesize that populations of interacting species will exhibit greater interspecific competition when one or both species occupy large volumes in behavioural space. We evaluate these hypotheses by studying groups of katydids (Scudderia nymphs) and froghoppers (Philaenus spumarius), which compete for food and space on their shared host plant, Solidago canadensis. We found that individuals in single-species groups of katydids positioned themselves closer to one another, suggesting reduced competition, when groups occupied a large behavioural volume. When both species were placed together, we found that the survival of froghoppers was greatest when both froghoppers and katydids occupied a small volume in behavioural space, particularly at high froghopper densities. These results suggest that groups that occupy large behavioural volumes can have low intraspecific competition but high interspecific competition. Thus, behavioural hypervolumes appear to have ecological consequences at both the level of the population and the community and may help to predict the intensity of competition both within and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L L Lichtenstein
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A
| | - Colin M Wright
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A
| | - Brendan McEwen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Noa Pinter-Wollman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A
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27
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Závorka L, Koeck B, Cucherousset J, Brijs J, Näslund J, Aldvén D, Höjesjö J, Fleming IA, Johnsson JI. Co‐existence with non‐native brook trout breaks down the integration of phenotypic traits in brown trout parr. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174) CNRS Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174) CNRS Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Jeroen Brijs
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Joacim Näslund
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - David Aldvén
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Johan Höjesjö
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ian A. Fleming
- Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - Jörgen I. Johnsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
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28
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Rising temperatures may drive fishing-induced selection of low-performance phenotypes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40571. [PMID: 28094310 PMCID: PMC5240134 DOI: 10.1038/srep40571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is likely to interact with other stressors to challenge the physiological capacities and survival of phenotypes within populations. This may be especially true for the billions of fishes per year that undergo vigorous exercise prior to escaping or being intentionally released from fishing gear. Using adult coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), an important fisheries species throughout the Indo-Pacific, we show that population-level survival following vigorous exercise is increasingly compromised as temperatures increase from current-day levels (100-67% survival at 24-30 °C) to those projected for the end of the century (42% survival at 33 °C). Intriguingly, we demonstrate that high-performance individuals take longer to recover to a resting metabolic state and subsequently have lower survival in warm water compared with conspecifics that exercise less vigorously. Moreover, we show that post-exercise mortality of high-performance phenotypes manifests after 3-13 d at the current summer maximum (30 °C), while mortality at 33 °C occurs within 1.8-14.9 h. We propose that wild populations in a warming climate may become skewed towards low-performance phenotypes with ramifications for predator-prey interactions and community dynamics. Our findings highlight the susceptibility of phenotypic diversity to fishing activities and demonstrate a mechanism that may contribute to fishing-induced evolution in the face of ongoing climate change.
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29
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Spiegel O, Leu ST, Bull CM, Sih A. What's your move? Movement as a link between personality and spatial dynamics in animal populations. Ecol Lett 2016; 20:3-18. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orr Spiegel
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Stephan T. Leu
- School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA Australia
- Department of Biology Georgetown University Washington DC USA
| | - C. Michael Bull
- School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA USA
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30
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Is there a pace-of-life syndrome linking boldness and metabolic capacity for locomotion in bluegill sunfish? Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Spiegel O, Leu ST, Sih A, Godfrey SS, Bull CM. When the going gets tough: behavioural type-dependent space use in the sleepy lizard changes as the season dries. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1768. [PMID: 26609082 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding space use remains a major challenge for animal ecology, with implications for species interactions, disease spread, and conservation. Behavioural type (BT) may shape the space use of individuals within animal populations. Bolder or more aggressive individuals tend to be more exploratory and disperse further. Yet, to date we have limited knowledge on how space use other than dispersal depends on BT. To address this question we studied BT-dependent space-use patterns of sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) in southern Australia. We combined high-resolution global positioning system (GPS) tracking of 72 free-ranging lizards with repeated behavioural assays, and with a survey of the spatial distributions of their food and refuge resources. Bayesian generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed that lizards responded to the spatial distribution of resources at the neighbourhood scale and to the intensity of space use by other conspecifics (showing apparent conspecific avoidance). BT (especially aggressiveness) affected space use by lizards and their response to ecological and social factors, in a seasonally dependent manner. Many of these effects and interactions were stronger later in the season when food became scarce and environmental conditions got tougher. For example, refuge and food availability became more important later in the season and unaggressive lizards were more responsive to these predictors. These findings highlight a commonly overlooked source of heterogeneity in animal space use and improve our mechanistic understanding of processes leading to behaviourally driven disease dynamics and social structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orr Spiegel
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephan T Leu
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie S Godfrey
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Michael Bull
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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32
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Mesquita FO, Torres IF, Luz RK. Behaviour of proactive and reactive tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in a T-maze. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Personality traits are consistent when measured in the field and in the laboratory in African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Knotts ER, Griffen BD. Individual movement rates are sufficient to determine and maintain dynamic spatial positioning within Uca pugilator herds. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Mella VSA, Krucler J, Sunderasan L, Hawkins J, Herath APHM, Johnstone KC, Troxell-Smith SM, Banks PB, McArthur C. Effective field-based methods to quantify personality in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/wr15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
There is growing recognition of the importance of animal personality in wildlife ecology and management. Individuals that differ consistently in their behaviours from others of the same population are considered to exhibit different personalities. Personality can be easily quantified with repeat tests on animals held in captivity. However, captive-based tests may not always be possible for logistical reasons and tests conducted in captivity can alter naturally occurring behaviours. Development of methods to assess personality in the field over short-term capture is an important alternative to long-term captive tests.
Aims
To develop and refine field-based tests that can be used to easily define personality traits of wild common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), eliminating the need to bring individuals into captivity for an extended period of time.
Methods
We developed a series of short-term capture protocols to quantify personality traits of the common brushtail possum in the field, using handling-bag tests, modified open-field tests, trap-behaviour tests and release tests.
Key results
Personality traits of brushtail possums could be measured in several different ways, but refining methods was crucial to reveal traits efficiently. Behaviours related to several personality traits (boldness, docility and activity/exploration) could be measured rapidly in the field with our methods, and were repeatable over time.
Conclusions
Rapid, reliable and easy-to-perform quantification of personality of brushtail possums in the field is possible. This may sometimes be the only available option, and has advantages over long captive trials in terms of animal welfare and cost.
Implications
The present study provides a baseline for future research on the personality of common brushtail possums and its application to management and control strategies for the species.
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Cortez Ghio S, Boudreau Leblanc A, Audet C, Aubin-Horth N. Effects of maternal stress and cortisol exposure at the egg stage on learning, boldness and neophobia in brook trout. BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The environment experienced by females can have long-lasting effects on offspring phenotype. The objective of this study was to determine if maternal stress-induced behaviour reprogramming in offspring is found in brook char and to test whether cortisol is the main mediator, by separating the potential effects of cortisol from that of other potential maternal factors. We exposed female brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to different parallel treatments during the oogenesis period: undisturbed as controls (1) fed cortisol through food (2) or physically stressed by handling once a week (3). Additionally, we exposed half of the control eggs to a cortisol suspension before fertilisation (4). Cortisol consumption and handling did not elevate either maternal plasma or egg cortisol, although egg cortisol level was significantly increased when eggs were bathed in the suspension. We measured spatial learning and memory, boldness and neophobia in 6 month-old offspring and found no effects of treatments on learning, memory or behaviour. Our results suggest that the relationship between maternal stress, circulating and egg cortisol levels, other maternal factors, and behavioural reprogramming is context and species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cortez Ghio
- Département de Biologie and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Antoine Boudreau Leblanc
- Département de Biologie and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Céline Audet
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5L 2Z9
| | - Nadia Aubin-Horth
- Département de Biologie and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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Pleizier N, Wilson ADM, Shultz AD, Cooke SJ. Puffed and bothered: Personality, performance, and the effects of stress on checkered pufferfish. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:68-78. [PMID: 26375573 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although consistent individual-level differences in behaviour are widespread and potentially important in evolutionary and ecological processes, relatively few studies focus on the physiological mechanisms that might underlie and regulate these individual-level differences in wild populations. We conducted experiments to determine whether checkered pufferfish (Sphoeroides testudineus), which were collected from a dynamic (in terms of depth and water temperature) tidal mangrove creek environment in The Bahamas, have consistent individual-level differences in locomotor activity and the response to a simulated predator threat, as well as swimming performance and puffing in response to stressors. The relationships between personality and performance traits were evaluated to determine whether they represented stress-coping styles or syndromes. Subsequently, a displacement study was conducted to determine how personality and performance in the laboratory compared to movements in the field. In addition, we tested whether a physiological dose of the stress hormone cortisol would alter individual consistency in behavioural and performance traits. We found that pufferfish exhibited consistent individual differences in personality traits over time (e.g., activity and the duration of a response to a threat) and that performance was consistent between the lab and the natural enclosure. Locomotor activity and the duration of startled behaviour were not associated with swimming and puffing performance. Locomotor activity, puffing performance, and swimming performance were not related to whether fish returned to the tidal creek of capture after displacement. Similarly, a cortisol treatment did not modify behaviour or performance in the laboratory. The results reveal that consistent individual-level differences in behaviour and performance were present in a population from a fluctuating and physiologically challenging environment but that such traits are not necessarily correlated. We also determined that certain individual performance traits were repeatable between the lab and a natural enclosure. However, we found no evidence of a relationship between exogenous cortisol levels and behavioural traits or performance in these fish, which suggests that other internal and external mechanisms may underlie the behaviours and performance tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Pleizier
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Alexander D M Wilson
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Aaron D Shultz
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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38
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Familiarity, prior residency, resource availability and body mass as predictors of the movement activity of the European catfish. J ETHOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-015-0441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Pintor LM, Byers JE. Individual variation in predator behavior and demographics affects consumption of non-native prey. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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40
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Hall ML, van Asten T, Katsis AC, Dingemanse NJ, Magrath MJL, Mulder RA. Animal personality and pace-of-life syndromes: do fast-exploring fairy-wrens die young? Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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41
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Laskowski KL, Pearish S, Bensky M, Bell AM. Predictors of Individual Variation in Movement in a Natural Population of Threespine Stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus). ADV ECOL RES 2015; 52:65-90. [PMID: 29046595 PMCID: PMC5642938 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Species abundances and distributions are inherently tied to individuals' decisions about movement within their habitat. Therefore, integrating individual phenotypic variation within a larger ecological framework may provide better insight into how populations structure themselves. Recent evidence for consistent individual differences in behaviour prompts the hypothesis that variation in behavioural types might be related to variation in movement in natural environments. In a multiyear mark-recapture study, we found that individual sticklebacks exhibited consistent individual differences in behaviour both within a standardized testing arena designed to measure exploratory behaviour and within a river. Therefore, we asked whether individual differences in movement in a natural river were related to an individual's exploratory behavioural type. We also considered whether body condition and/or the individual's habitat or social environment use was related to movement. There was no evidence that an individual's exploratory behavioural type was related to movement within the river. Instead, an individual's habitat use and body condition interacted to influence natural movement patterns. Individuals in good condition were more likely to move further in the river, but only if they inhabited a vegetated complex part of the river; body condition had no influence on movement in those individuals inhabiting open areas of the river. Our results suggest that individual traits could help improve predictions about how populations may distribute themselves within patchy and complex environments.
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42
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No evidence for correlational selection on exploratory behaviour and natal dispersal in the great tit. Evol Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Mella VSA, Ward AJW, Banks PB, McArthur C. Personality affects the foraging response of a mammalian herbivore to the dual costs of food and fear. Oecologia 2014; 177:293-303. [PMID: 25294220 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Predators attack and plants defend, so herbivores face the dilemma of how to eat enough without being eaten. But do differences in the personality of herbivores affect the foraging choices of individuals? We explored the ecological impact of personality in a generalist herbivore, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). After quantifying personality traits in wild individuals brought temporarily into captivity, we tested how these traits altered foraging by individuals when free-ranging in their natural habitat. To measure their responses to the dual costs of predation risk and plant toxin, we varied the toxin concentration of food in safe foraging patches against paired, non-toxic risky patches, and used a novel synthesis of a manipulative Giving-Up-Density (GUD) experiment and video behavioural analysis. At the population level, the cost of safe patches pivoted around that of risky patches depending on food toxin concentration. At the individual level, boldness affected foraging at risky high-quality food patches (as behavioural differences between bold and shy), and at safe patches only when food toxin concentration was low (as differences in foraging outcome). Our results ecologically validate the personality trait of boldness, in brushtail possums. They also reveal, for the first time, a nuanced link between personality and the way in which individuals balance the costs of food and fear. Importantly, they suggest that high plant defence effectively attenuates differences in foraging behaviour arising from variation in personality, but poorly defended plants in safe areas should be differentially subject to herbivory depending on the personality of the herbivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina S A Mella
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,
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44
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Bijleveld AI, Massourakis G, van der Marel A, Dekinga A, Spaans B, van Gils JA, Piersma T. Personality drives physiological adjustments and is not related to survival. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133135. [PMID: 24671971 PMCID: PMC3996601 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary function and maintenance of variation in animal personality is still under debate. Variation in the size of metabolic organs has recently been suggested to cause and maintain variation in personality. Here, we examine two main underlying notions: (i) that organ sizes vary consistently between individuals and cause consistent behavioural patterns, and (ii) that a more exploratory personality is associated with reduced survival. Exploratory behaviour of captive red knots (Calidris canutus, a migrant shorebird) was negatively rather than positively correlated with digestive organ (gizzard) mass, as well as with body mass. In an experiment, we reciprocally reduced and increased individual gizzard masses and found that exploration scores were unaffected. Whether or not these birds were resighted locally over the 19 months after release was negatively correlated with their exploration scores. Moreover, a long-term mark-recapture effort on free-living red knots with known gizzard masses at capture confirmed that local resighting probability (an inverse measure of exploratory behaviour) was correlated with gizzard mass without detrimental effects on survival. We conclude that personality drives physiological adjustments, rather than the other way around, and suggest that physiological adjustments mitigate the survival costs of exploratory behaviour. Our results show that we need to reconsider hypotheses explaining personality variation based on organ sizes and differential survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allert I Bijleveld
- Department of Marine Ecology, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, , 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands, Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, , PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
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Farwell M, Fuzzen MLM, Bernier NJ, McLaughlin RL. Individual differences in foraging behavior and cortisol levels in recently emerged brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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van Overveld T, Careau V, Adriaensen F, Matthysen E. Seasonal- and sex-specific correlations between dispersal and exploratory behaviour in the great tit. Oecologia 2013; 174:109-20. [PMID: 24005652 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While the importance of personality in explaining individual dispersal strategies is increasingly recognized, limited information is still available on how patterns of personality-dependent dispersal may develop, hampering our understanding of the ecological significance of behavioural dispersal syndromes. Here, we examine the relative importance of personality at different stages of dispersal in the great tit, by analysing the sex-specific relationship between exploratory behaviour (EB; quantified in a novel environment) and dispersal distances in different seasons over the course of the first year of life (summer, autumn, winter, and until the first breeding attempt). In females, we found that EB was an important predictor of dispersal distances in summer and autumn, but only a weak to moderate correlation remained for females captured in winter or for natal dispersal distances based on first breeding records. We obtained a contrasting pattern at the population level, whereby male (but not female) immigrants captured in summer and autumn had higher EB scores than locally born birds, while this was not the case in birds captured in winter and those recruited as breeders into the population. In addition to providing further evidence for the existence of a behaviour dispersal syndrome in birds, our results show that correlations between EB and dispersal appear strongest at the early stages of the dispersal process, rather than being developed gradually. These findings show the importance of analysing the effect of phenotypic attributes on dispersal across different stages of the dispersal phenomenon and in each sex separately.
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47
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Edelsparre AH, McLaughlin RL, Rodríguez MA. Risk taking not foraging behavior predicts dispersal of recently emerged stream brook charr (
Salvelinus fontinalis
). Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allan H. Edelsparre
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Robert L. McLaughlin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Marco A. Rodríguez
- Départment des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7 Canada
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48
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van Overveld T, Matthysen E. Personality and information gathering in free-ranging great tits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54199. [PMID: 23383299 PMCID: PMC3562229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One aspect of animal personality that has been well described in captivity, but received only little attention in studies in the wild, is that personality types may vary in their behavioural flexibility towards environmental changes. A fundamental factor underlying such differences is believed to be the degree to which individual behavior is guided by environmental stimuli. We tested this hypothesis in the wild using free-ranging great tits. Personality variation was quantified using exploratory behaviour in a novel environment, which has previously been shown to be repeatable and correlated with other behaviours in this and other populations of the same species. By temporarily removing food at feeding stations we examined whether birds with different personality differed in returning to visit empty feeders as this may provide information on how birds continue to sample their environment after a sudden change in conditions. In two summer experiments, we found that fast-exploring juveniles visited empty feeders less often compared to slow-exploring juveniles. In winter, sampling behaviour was sex dependent but not related to personality. In both seasons, we found that birds who sampled empty feeders more often were more likely to rediscover food after we again re-baited the feeding stations, but there was no effect of personality. Our results show that personality types may indeed differ in ways of collecting environmental information, which is consistent with the view of personalities as different styles of coping with environmental changes. The adaptive value of these alternative behavioural tactics, however, needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs van Overveld
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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49
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Is risk taking during foraging a personality trait? A field test for cross-context consistency in boldness. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Brown GE, Ferrari MCO, Malka PH, Fregeau L, Kayello L, Chivers DP. Retention of acquired predator recognition among shy versus bold juvenile rainbow trout. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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