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McCallum ES, Dey CJ, Cerveny D, Bose APH, Brodin T. Social status modulates the behavioral and physiological consequences of a chemical pollutant in animal groups. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02454. [PMID: 34549857 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The social environment (i.e., the suite of social interactions that occur among individuals that can result in variation in social ranks) is a commonly overlooked aspect of biology when scientists evaluate the effects of chemical contaminants. The social environment, however, represents the arena in which individual-level performance shapes group- or population-level outcomes and may therefore mediate many of the ultimate consequences of chemicals for wildlife. Here, we evaluated the role that the social environment plays in determining the consequences of pollutant exposure. We exposed groups of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) to an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant that is commonly detected in freshwaters (the benzodiazepine, oxazepam) and allowed them to form dominance hierarchies. Exposure affected dominant and subordinate fish differently, causing fish to become less aggressive at high doses and subordinate fish to become more competitively successful at low doses. These perturbations had further consequences for growth, fin damage, and survival. Exposure also modulated physiological stress in the hierarchy, and social status itself affected how much oxazepam was absorbed in tissues, potentially creating a dynamic feedback loop that further influences the asymmetric effects of exposure on differing social statuses. Many effects followed a "U-shaped" dose-response curve, highlighting the importance of nonlinear, low-dose effects. Altogether, we show that social structure in animal groups can interact with and modulate the effects of an environmental contaminant. We underscore the need to account for an organism's natural ecological context, including their social environment, in future experiments and environmental risk assessments to predict the effects of chemical contaminants on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cody J Dey
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Aneesh P H Bose
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
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Zeng J, Herbert NA, Lu W. Differential Coping Strategies in Response to Salinity Challenge in Olive Flounder. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31780952 PMCID: PMC6852876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine how different fish coping strategies respond to salinity challenge, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with active coping style (AC) and passive coping style (PC) were transferred from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) and their behavior and physiology were analyzed. Different behavioral coping strategies, in terms of escape and feeding tendencies, were confirmed in AC and PC fish without FW exposure. Differences in swimming distance between AC and PC flounder were then assessed after 1 and 2 days of FW transfer. Plasma parameters and branchial gene expression were also determined 2, 5, 8, and 14 days after transfer, with comparisons between AC and PC fish and against a SW-acclimated control group. The results showed that: (1) PC flounder exhibited a significant reduction in swimming activity, while AC flounder significantly increased locomotion 2 days after transfer. (2) The plasma osmolality and plasma ionic (Na+ and Cl−) concentration of FW-acclimated PC flounder declined in a continuous fashion over time but this contrasted against the plasma parameters of AC flounder which fluctuated below the baseline level of a SW-acclimated control group. (3) The expression of NKA-α1 and NHE-3-like mRNA in PC flounder gill increased significantly from 5 days, but the expression of these two genes in AC flounder only increased after 8 days of transfer. (4) There were no remarkable differences observed in Rhcg expressions between AC and PC flounder. This study indicates for the first time that PC flounder adopt a “freeze-passive tolerance” strategy while AC flounder adopt a “flight-active resistance” defense strategy in response to salinity challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Neill A Herbert
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
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Cullen JL, Grossman GD. Aggressive interactions affect foraging and use of space in a drift foraging salmonid, Salvelinus malma (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although intraspecific interactions likely affect habitat choice and foraging behaviour in animals, our knowledge regarding how these factors interact is frequently limited to either lab or field studies, but not both. We observed pairs of dominant and subordinate drift-foraging Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma) in an Alaskan stream, and quantified intraspecific interactions and foraging behaviour. Dominant individuals had higher foraging rates, occupied slower holding velocities and were displaced shorter distances during bouts compared to subordinate individuals. Individuals initiated bouts more frequently from the downstream position, than from lateral or upstream positions. Dominant individuals were more likely to occupy the upstream position after a bout than subordinates, which ensures that dominants have the first opportunity to capture drifting prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Cullen
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gary D Grossman
- Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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de Abreu MS, Friend AJ, Demin KA, Amstislavskaya TG, Bao W, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models: do we have valid paradigms for depression? J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 94:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grobler JMB, Wood CM. The physiology of rainbow trout in social hierarchies: two ways of looking at the same data. J Comp Physiol B 2013; 183:787-99. [PMID: 23543045 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-013-0752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonids form dominance hierarchies in environments, where space or food are limiting. Our first objective was to investigate the physiology of individual rainbow trout in 4-fish hierarchies. Our second was to compare conclusions drawn from grouping physiological data on the basis of social rank with those based on relating individual physiology to individual aggressive behavior. To create a social hierarchy, groups of 4 juvenile trout were fed (1 % ration) using a darkened feeding container, twice daily (morning and evening). Each morning feeding was videotaped to record aggressive behavior, thereby facilitating the assignment of a social status rank to each fish. On days 5 and 10-11, physiological parameters were measured in fish fasted for 24 h. Social hierarchies formed in all tested groups. One fish would become dominant, whereas the three subordinate individuals would each assume a stable social rank. When classified according to this social rank, the three subordinate individuals all displayed similar physiology, different from the physiology of the dominant fish. The latter included higher ammonia excretion rate, greater protein utilization in aerobic metabolism, greater feeding, higher specific growth rate, greater increase in condition factor, and lower routine oxygen consumption rate. However, when individual aggression was taken into account, a continuous gradient was observed between aggression and physiology for most parameters, regardless of social status. These relationships could be improved by normalizing the aggression score to the overall level of aggression in each hierarchy. We argue that individual behavior should be considered instead of just social rank when studying the physiology of trout in social hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josias M B Grobler
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Life Sciences Building 227, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Cavigelli SA, Chaudhry HS. Social status, glucocorticoids, immune function, and health: can animal studies help us understand human socioeconomic-status-related health disparities? Horm Behav 2012; 62:295-313. [PMID: 22841799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For humans in developed nations, socioeconomic status (SES)--relative income, education and occupational position in a society--is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality rates, with increasing SES predicting longer life span (e.g. Marmot et al., 1991). Mechanisms underlying this relationship have been examined, but the relative role of each mechanism still remains unknown. By understanding the relative role of specific mechanisms that underlie dramatic health disparities between high and low social status individuals we can begin to identify effective, targeted methods to alleviate health disparities. In the current paper, we take advantage of a growing number of animal studies that have quantified biological health-related correlates (glucocorticoid production and immune function) of social status and compare these studies to the current literature on human SES and health to determine if and how animal studies can further our understanding of SES-associated human health disparities. Specifically, we compared social-status related glucocorticoid production and immune function in humans and animals. From the review, we show that our present understanding of the relationships between social status and glucocorticoid production/immune function is still growing, but that there are already identifiable parallels (and non-parallels) between humans and animals. We propose timely areas of future study focused on (1) specific aspects of social status that may influence stress-related physiology, (2) mechanisms underlying long-term influences of social status on physiology and health, and (3) intervention studies to alleviate potentially negative physiological correlates of social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Gilmour KM, Kirkpatrick S, Massarsky A, Pearce B, Saliba S, Stephany CÉ, Moon TW. The Influence of Social Status on Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Physiol Biochem Zool 2012; 85:309-20. [DOI: 10.1086/666497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Reid D, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. The performance advantage of a high resting metabolic rate in juvenile salmon is habitat dependent. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:868-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Same-sized fish groups increase aggressive interaction of sex-reversed males Nile tilapia GIFT strain. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Reid D, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. Estimated standard metabolic rate interacts with territory quality and density to determine the growth rates of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dallas LJ, Shultz AD, Moody AJ, Sloman KA, Danylchuk AJ. Chemical excretions of angled bonefish Albula vulpes and their potential use as predation cues by juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:947-962. [PMID: 20840622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bonefish Albula vulpes (n = 7) exercised to exhaustion and air exposed for 1 min as part of a catch-and-release angling event were found to excrete both ammonia and urea, but cortisol and lactate were below detectable levels. Urea made up a greater proportion of total nitrogen excretion from these fish at all time points following an angling event. When captive juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris (n = 12) were exposed to a 30 s pulse of these chemicals [ammonia (500 mM), cortisol (20 µg l(-1) ), lactate (6 mM) or urea (3 mM)], they showed a significant reduction in the frequency of resting behaviours when exposed to ammonia and urea than when exposed to control water. It appears that products excreted by A. vulpes, particularly ammonia and urea, may provide an olfactory cue for the post-release predation of A. vulpes by N. brevirostris during catch-and-release angling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Dallas
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Sloman KA. Exposure of ova to cortisol pre-fertilisation affects subsequent behaviour and physiology of brown trout. Horm Behav 2010; 58:433-9. [PMID: 20546742 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Even before fertilisation, exposure of ova to high levels of stress corticosteroids can have significant effects on offspring in a variety of animals. In fish, high levels of cortisol in ovarian fluid can elicit morphological changes and reduce offspring survival. Whether there are other more subtle effects, including behavioural effects, of exposure to cortisol pre-fertilisation in fish is unclear. Here I demonstrate that a brief (3h) exposure of brown trout eggs to a physiologically relevant ( approximately 500 microg l(-)(1)) concentration of cortisol pre-fertilisation resulted in changes to developing offspring. Embryos exposed to cortisol pre-fertilisation displayed elevated oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates during development. After hatch, in contrast to the effects of cortisol exposure in juvenile fish, fish exposed to cortisol as eggs were more aggressive than control individuals and responded differently within a maze system. Thus, a transient exposure to corticosteroids in unfertilised eggs results in both physiological and behavioural alterations in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sloman
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK.
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Ferraz FB, Gomes LC. Social relationship as inducer of immunological and stress responses in matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 153:293-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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