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Prunier A, Trannoy S. Learning from fights: Males' social dominance status impact reproductive success in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299839. [PMID: 38452142 PMCID: PMC10919672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In animals, the access to vital resources often relies on individuals' behavioural personality, strength, motivation, past experiences and dominance status. Dominant individuals would be more territorial, providing them with a better access to food resources and mate. The so-called winner and loser effects induce individuals' behavioural changes after experiencing a victory or a defeat, and lead to an individual persistent state influencing the outcome of subsequent fights. However, whether and how development of winner and loser effects affect individuals' fitness is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate how individuals' fitness can be influenced by previous fighting experience in Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we assess various behavioural performances as indicators for dominant and subordinate fitness. Our results show that subordinates are less territorial than dominants although their locomotor abilities are not affected. We also demonstrate that in a non-competitive context, experiencing a defeat reduces males' motivation to court females but not the reproductive success while in a competitive context, it negatively affects males' reproductive success. However, we found no impact upon either males' ability to distinguish potential mates nor on females' choice of a specific mating partner. Overall, these results indicate that previous defeats reduce reproductive success, a commonly used estimate of individual fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Prunier
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Severine Trannoy
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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2
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Han CS, Lee B, Moon J. Activity-aggression behavioural syndromes exist in males but not in females of the field cricket Teleogryllus emma. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10642. [PMID: 37859828 PMCID: PMC10582681 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on sex differences in behaviour have largely focused on differences in average behaviours between sexes. However, males and females can diverge not only in average behaviours but also in the direction of behavioural correlations at the individual level (i.e. behavioural syndromes). Behavioural syndromes, with their potential to constrain the independent evolution of behaviours, may play a role in shaping sex-specific responses to selection and contributing to the development of sex differences in behaviour. Despite the pivotal role of behavioural syndromes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism in behaviour, robust empirical evidence of sex differences in behavioural syndromes based on repeated measurements of behaviours is scarce. In this study, we conducted repeated measurements of activity and aggression in male and female field crickets Teleogryllus emma, providing evidence of sex differences in the existence of behavioural syndromes. Males exhibited a significantly positive behavioural syndrome between activity and aggression, whereas females, in contrast, did not show any aggressive behaviour, resulting in the absence of such a syndrome. The sex differences in the existence of the activity-aggression behavioural syndromes in this species could be attributed to differences in selection. Selection favouring more active and aggressive males may have shaped a positive activity-aggression behavioural syndrome in males, whereas the absence of selection favouring female aggression may have resulted in the absence of aggression and the related behavioural syndrome in females. However, given the plasticity of behaviour with changes in age or the environment, further research is needed to explore how sex differences in the existence of activity-aggression behavioural syndromes change across contexts. Furthermore, understanding the genetic underpinning of sex differences in a behavioural syndrome would be pivotal to assess the role of behavioural syndromes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism in behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang S. Han
- Department of BiologyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Byeongho Lee
- Department of BiologyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
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3
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Kwek BZW, Tan M, Yu L, Zhou W, Chang CC, Li D. Aggressive males are more attractive to females and more likely to win contests in jumping spiders. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Kola M, Alexander T, Servidio T, Mathews L. Winner and loser effects influence subsequent mating interactions in crayfish. Behav Processes 2021; 192:104489. [PMID: 34437979 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In species whose social structure includes dominance relationships, individuals are likely to engage in frequent agonistic interactions with conspecifics, and these interactions can have substantial effects on participants. For example, 'winner' and 'loser' effects, whereby winning or losing a contest increases the probability of winning or losing subsequent encounters, have been described in many species. However, a smaller body of research has shown that winning or losing a contest can lead to additional behavioral changes that affect other domains of an individual's social experiences. Here, we report on an experiment designed to evaluate the effects of prior contests on subsequent mating interactions in the crayfish (Faxonius virilis). We presented males with mating opportunities either immediately following or 7 days after a contest with a conspecific male. We predicted that winners would be more likely to mate than losers, because of either or both winner/loser effects and differences in male competitiveness. We found that, when presented with a mating opportunity immediately following a contest, winning males were more likely to mate than were losing males. We also found that these differences had eroded within 7 days, such that there was no significant difference in the proportions of winners and losers that mated after that period. We concluded that the changes in mating behavior that we observed immediately after a contest were likely due to relatively short-term winner and loser effects, rather than any differences in the males' competitiveness, which would presumably be of longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kola
- Department of Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, United States
| | - Tyra Alexander
- Department of Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, United States
| | - Thomas Servidio
- Department of Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, United States
| | - Lauren Mathews
- Department of Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, United States.
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5
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Bertram SM, Yaremchuk DD, Reifer ML, Villarreal A, Muzzatti MJ, Kolluru GR. Tests of the positive and functional allometry hypotheses for sexually selected traits in the Jamaican field cricket. Behav Processes 2021; 188:104413. [PMID: 33957236 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sexually selected traits, including threat signals, have been shown to scale steeply positively with body size because their exaggeration maximizes honest signalling. However, the functional allometry hypothesis makes the opposite prediction for some weapons: because the biomechanics of force applied in their use may favor relatively smaller size, sexually selected weapons may exhibit negative allometry. Tests of these ideas in insects have largely focused on holometabolous species, whose adult body size is entirely dependent on nutrients acquired during the larval stage. In contrast, hemimetabolous insects may exhibit different patterns of allometry development because they forage throughout development, between successive moults. Here, we tested complementary and competing predictions made by the positive and functional allometry hypotheses, regarding intrasexually selected trait allometry in a hemimetabolous insect, the Jamaican field cricket (Gryllus assimilis). As expected, head width (a dominance and/or combat trait) was more positively allometric than non-sexually selected traits. In contrast, and consistent with the functional allometry hypothesis, mouthparts (weapons) were either isometric or negatively allometric. We also tested whether trait allometry responded to rearing diet by raising males on either a high protein diet or a high carbohydrate diet; we predicted stronger positive allometry under the high protein diet. However, diet did not influence allometry in the predicted manner. Overall, our results support the functional allometry hypothesis regarding sexually selected trait allometry and raise intriguing possibilities for integrating these ideas with recent paradigms for classifying intrasexually selected traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Bertram
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Danya D Yaremchuk
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Mykell L Reifer
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Amy Villarreal
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Matthew J Muzzatti
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Gita R Kolluru
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407, United States
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6
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Bent AM, Ings TC, Mowles SL. Anthropogenic noise disrupts mate choice behaviors in female Gryllus bimaculatus. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
By assessing the sexual signals produced by conspecifics, individuals can make informed decisions on the best choice of mate, which can lead to reproductive fitness benefits. However, these communication systems are often vulnerable to disruption by conflicting with stimuli present in the environment. Anthropogenic noise may act as one such disruptive stimulus, leading to inefficient mate choice decisions and, thus, reductions to an animal’s fitness. In this study, the mate choice behaviors of female Gryllus bimaculatus were tested when presented with artificial male courtship songs of differing “quality” under different acoustic conditions. In ambient noise conditions, females significantly preferred mates paired with higher-quality songs, indicated by increased mating rates and reduced latency to mate. However, this mate selection pattern was disrupted in both traffic and white noise conditions. Additionally, “high-quality” courtship songs had an increased mounting latency in traffic and white noise conditions, when compared to ambient noise conditions. Making nonoptimal mating decisions, such as the ones seen here, can lead to deleterious fitness consequences, alter population dynamics, and weaken sexual selection, unless individuals adapt to cope with anthropogenic interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Bent
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas C Ings
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Sophie L Mowles
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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7
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Vázquez J, Fargallo JA, Jiménez N, Aguilar-Montiel F, Rodríguez-Martínez L. Dear enemy effect in the Mexican volcano mouse Neotomodon alstoni: Implications of sex in the agonistic behaviour among neighbours. Behav Processes 2020; 181:104251. [PMID: 32976966 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two opposite phenomena have been found in territorial animals, the "dear enemy'' and the "nasty neighbour'', which refer to individuals that show less aggression toward neighbours than toward strangers and vice versa. However, the need to maintain territory should differ for males and females because sexual reproduction is the result of the different adaptive strategies of the sexes. In this study, we explore territorial behaviour in the context of dear-enemy and nasty neighbour effects in the Mexican volcano mouse (Neotomodon alstoni). Patterns of spatial relationships between individuals and the degrees of agonistic behaviour among neighbours were analysed for a period of one year. Results exhibit a greater spatial proximity between male pairs during the non-reproductive period than during the reproductive period, and greater spatial proximity between pairs of females during the reproductive period than during the non-reproductive period. The analysis of agonistic behaviour showed that there is less tolerance for distant neighbours than for nearest neighbours. However, there is a greater frequency of aggression between male pairs than between females, while females appear to exhibit non-aggressive avoidance among individuals. The results support the theory that Mexican volcano mouse exhibits the "dear enemy phenomenon".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vázquez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, km 1.5 Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla S/N. 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Juan A Fargallo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nallely Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N. Delegación Coyoacán, 04510. Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México. Mexico
| | - Fernando Aguilar-Montiel
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, km 1.5 Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla S/N. 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Luisa Rodríguez-Martínez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, km 1.5 Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla S/N. 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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8
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Schwartz JJ, Mazie AAB. Taxis bold as love: the influence of aggressive calls on acoustic attraction of female gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Filice DCS, Dukas R. Winners have higher pre-copulatory mating success but losers have better post-copulatory outcomes. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182838. [PMID: 30940060 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many animals, the outcomes of competitive interactions can have lasting effects that influence an individual's reproductive success and have important consequences for the strength and direction of evolution via sexual selection. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, males that have won previous contests are more likely to win in subsequent conflicts and losers are more likely to lose (winner-loser effects), but the direct fitness consequences and genetic underpinnings of this plasticity are poorly understood. Here, we tested how male genotype and the outcomes of previous male-male conflicts influence male pre- and post-copulatory success. We quantified pre-copulatory success in a choice and no-choice context, and post-copulatory success by quantifying ejaculate offensive and defensive ability. We found that winners have higher reproductive success compared to losers in both pre-copulatory scenarios. However, losers consistently mated for a longer duration, boosted female fecundity and had an increased paternity share when they were the first males to mate, suggesting increased investment into post-copulatory mechanisms. Finally, by using clonal hybrids from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, we documented that genetic variation explained a sizeable proportion of the observed differences between lines, and of the interaction between line and winner and loser effects. Our results place the behavioural data on winner-loser effects in an evolutionary context by documenting the potential fitness gain to males from altering their reproductive strategy based on fighting experience. Our data may also explain the presence and maintenance of trade-offs between different male reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C S Filice
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON , Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Reuven Dukas
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON , Canada L8S 4K1
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10
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Makowicz A, Murray L, Schlupp I. Size, species and audience type influence heterospecific female–female competition. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Stamps GF, Shaw KL. Male use of chemical signals in sex discrimination of Hawaiian swordtail crickets (genus Laupala). Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Uetz GW, Clark DL, Kane H, Stoffer B. Listening in: the importance of vibratory courtship signals for male eavesdropping in the wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Vedenina VY, Shestakov LS. Loser in Fight but Winner in Love: How Does Inter-Male Competition Determine the Pattern and Outcome of Courtship in Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus? Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Villarreal AE, Godin JGJ, Bertram SM. Influence of the operational sex ratio on mutual mate choice in the Jamaican field cricket (Gryllus assimilis): Testing the predictions of the switch point theorem. Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan M. Bertram
- Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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15
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Wu Q, Wen L, Chen J, Li D, Jiao X. Experimental evidence for the genetic benefits of female mate choice in the monandrous wolf spider Pardosa astrigera. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Reifer ML, Harrison SJ, Bertram SM. How dietary protein and carbohydrate influence field cricket development, size and mate attraction signalling. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Bertram SM, Loranger MJ, Thomson IR, Harrison SJ, Ferguson GL, Reifer ML, Corlett DH, Gowaty PA. Choosy males in Jamaican field crickets. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Bertram SM, Harrison SJ, Ferguson GL, Thomson IR, Loranger MJ, Reifer ML, Corlett DH, Gowaty PA. What is driving male mate preference evolution in Jamaican field crickets? Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian R. Thomson
- Department of Biology; Carleton University; Ottawa ON Canada
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Adair Gowaty
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Institute of Environment and Sustainability; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Panamá; República de Panamá
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19
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Linking mating preferences to sexually selected traits and offspring viability: good versus complementary genes hypotheses. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Loranger MJ, Bertram SM. The effect of sire dominance and aggression on fitness measures in a field cricket (Gryllus assimilis). Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Boutin SR, Harrison SJ, Fitzsimmons LP, McAuley EM, Bertram SM. Same-sex sexual behaviour in crickets: understanding the paradox. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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