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Ahmed MFE, Abd El-Wahab A, Kriewitz JP, Hankel J, Chuppava B, Ratert C, Taube V, Visscher C, Kamphues J. Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:874. [PMID: 33919578 PMCID: PMC8073070 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influences of different flooring designs and feed particle sizes on the spread of Salmonella (S.) in broiler chickens. Birds (n = 480) were allocated to four different housing systems (fully littered with and without floor heating, partially and fully slatted flooring with sand bath) and two dietary treatments (finely and coarsely ground diets) in 24 boxes. Two broilers per box were experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis (8.00 log10 CFU/bird) at d 17. Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents and the liver was highest in broilers housed on fully slatted floor until d 36/37 (88.1% and 91.5%, respectively), and lowest in litter flooring (caecal content 64.4%) and litter flooring with floor heating (liver 61.7%). In turn, broilers on littered flooring expressed the lowest Salmonella counts in caecal content at d 36/37 (2.21 ± 1.75 log10 CFU/g), partial slatted flooring the highest (3.76 ± 1.46 log10 CFU/g). The mean Salmonella count in the caecal content was significantly lower for birds fed a coarsely ground diet (0.96 and 1.94 log10 CFU/g) than a finely ground diet (5.07 and 3.34 log10 CFU/g) at d 23 and d 36/37, respectively (p < 0.0001). Slatted flooring with a sand bath did not show advantages in terms of Salmonella reduction, whereas the coarsely ground diet markedly reduced the spread of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F. E. Ahmed
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan-Philip Kriewitz
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Christine Ratert
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Venja Taube
- BEST 3 Geflügelernährung GmbH, D-27239 Twistringen, Germany;
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (J.-P.K.); (J.H.); (B.C.); (C.R.); (J.K.)
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Particle size and feed form in broiler diets: impact on gastrointestinal tract development and gut health. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sakkas P, Oikeh I, Blake DP, Nolan MJ, Bailey RA, Oxley A, Rychlik I, Lietz G, Kyriazakis I. Does selection for growth rate in broilers affect their resistance and tolerance to Eimeria maxima? Vet Parasitol 2018; 258:88-98. [PMID: 30105985 PMCID: PMC6052249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chickens exhibit varied responses to infection with Eimeria parasites. We hypothesise that broilers selected for increased growth rate will show lower resistance and tolerance to a coccidian challenge. 288 chickens of fast (F) or slow (S) growing lines were inoculated with 0 (control), 2500 (low-dose), or 7000 (high-dose) sporulated E. maxima oocysts at 13 days of age in two consecutive rounds. Gain and Intake were measured daily and their values relative to BW at the point of infection were calculated over the pre-patent (days 1-4 post-infection), acute (d5-8 pi), and recovery (d9-12 pi) phases of infection to assess the impact of infection. Levels of plasma carotenoids, vitamins E and A, long bone mineralisation, caecal microbiota diversity indices, and histological measurements were assessed at the acute (d6 pi) and recovery stage (d13 pi). In addition, we measured the levels of nitric oxide metabolites and the number of parasite genome copies in the jejunumat d6pi. In absolute terms F birds grew 1.42 times faster than S birds when not infected. Infection significantly reduced relative daily gain and intake (P < 0.001), with the effects being most pronounced during the acute phase (P < 0.001). Levels of all metabolites were significantly decreased, apart from NO which increased (P < 0.001) in response to infection on d6pi, and were accompanied by changes in histomorphometric features and the presence of E. maxima genome copies in infected birds, which persisted to d13pi. Furthermore, infection reduced tibia and femur mineralisation, which also persisted to d13pi. Reductions in measured variables were mostly independent of dose size, as was the level of parasite replication. The impact of infection was similar for S and F-line birds for all measured parameters, and there were no significant interactions between line x dose size on any of these parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that line differences in productive performance do not influence host responses to coccidiosis when offered nutrient adequate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Sakkas
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Idiegberanoise Oikeh
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Damer P Blake
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Matthew J Nolan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Anthony Oxley
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Awais MM, Akhtar M, Anwar MI, Khaliq K. Evaluation of Saccharum officinarum L. bagasse-derived polysaccharides as native immunomodulatory and anticoccidial agents in broilers. Vet Parasitol 2018; 249:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Whole grain in turkey nutrition. Part 1: Gastrointestinal development and function. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Influence of whole wheat feeding on the development of coccidiosis in broilers challenged with Eimeria. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Neves DP, Banhazi TM, Nääs IA. Feeding behaviour of broiler chickens: a review on the biomechanical characteristics. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x16021-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DP Neves
- State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - TM Banhazi
- University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - IA Nääs
- State University of Campinas, Brazil
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Singh Y, Amerah A, Ravindran V. Whole grain feeding: Methodologies and effects on performance, digestive tract development and nutrient utilisation of poultry. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaleem QM, Akhtar M, Awais MM, Saleem M, Zafar M, Iqbal Z, Muhammad F, Anwar MI. Studies on Emblica officinalis derived tannins for their immunostimulatory and protective activities against coccidiosis in industrial broiler chickens. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:378473. [PMID: 24578631 PMCID: PMC3919087 DOI: 10.1155/2014/378473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the effect of Emblica officinalis (EO) derived tannins on humoral immune responses and their protective efficacy against Eimeria infection in chickens. Tannins were extracted from EO and characterized by HPLC. EO derived tannins (EOT) and commercial tannins (CT) were orally administered in broiler chicks in graded doses for three consecutive days, that is, 5th-7th days of age. On day 14 after administration of tannins, humoral immune response was detected against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) by haemagglutination assay. Protective efficacy of tannins was measured against coccidial infection, induced by Eimeria species. Results revealed higher geomean titers against SRBCs in chickens administered with EOT as compared to those administered with CT and control group. Mean oocysts per gram of droppings were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in EOT administered chickens as compared to control group. Lesion scoring also showed the lowest caecal and intestinal lesion score of mild to moderate intensity in chickens administered with EOT. Further, significantly higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gains and antibody titers were detected in EOT administered chickens as compared to those of CT administered and control groups. EOT showed the immunostimulatory properties in broilers and their administration in chickens boost the protective immunity against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qari Muhammad Kaleem
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Akhtar
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad Awais
- Department of Pathobiology, Sub Campus Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muddassar Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Poultry Research Institute, Office of Deputy District Livestock Officer (Poultry), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Jacobs C, Parsons CM. The effects of coarse ground corn, whole sorghum, and a prebiotic on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbial populations in broilers fed diets with and without corn distillers dried grains with solubles. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2347-57. [PMID: 23960117 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted from 0 to 21 d of age and evaluated diets containing combinations of fine or coarse ground corn (557 or 1,387 μm, respectively), whole sorghum, 15% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), or a prebiotic-type product containing yeast cell wall, lactose, citric acid, and other fermentable carbohydrates. In experiment 1, feed efficiency was decreased (P < 0.001) after the first week of age for broilers fed diets containing whole sorghum, whereas broilers receiving diets with 15% DDGS had increased feed efficiency (P < 0.03) compared with those receiving no DDGS. In the second experiment, BW gain was increased (P < 0.03) after the first week of age for broilers fed diets containing the prebiotic and DDGS compared with their respective controls. In experiment 1, the diet containing sorghum yielded the highest AMEn value (P < 0.03). In experiment 2, diets containing the combination of the prebiotic + DDGS yielded higher AMEn values (P < 0.004) at 7 and 21 d compared with diets containing no combination. The effects of diet on amino acid digestibility were generally small and inconsistent in both experiments. In experiment 1, broilers fed the coarse corn or whole sorghum diets had increased (P < 0.0001) relative gizzard weights compared with broilers fed the fine corn diet. Also, diets containing DDGS yielded increased relative gizzard weights (P < 0.05) compared with diets containing no DDGS. In experiment 2, there was a decrease (P < 0.03) in cecal Escherichia coli when the combination of the coarse ground corn, prebiotic, and DDGS was fed in comparison with broilers receiving no prebiotic or DDGS. These results indicate that diets containing coarsely ground corn or whole sorghum in combination with DDGS can be fed to broilers with no long-term adverse effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility and that these ingredients can have beneficial effects on AMEn, gizzard size, and cecal microflora in some instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- China Jacobs
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801, USA
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Kipper M, Andretta I, Lehnen CR, Lovatto PA, Monteiro SG. Meta-analysis of the performance variation in broilers experimentally challenged by Eimeria spp. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Assis R, Cury M, Luns F, Assis R. Anticoccidial efficacy of drinking water soluble diclazuril in the control of Eimeria acervulina oocysts on experimentally-infected broiler chickens. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiment was carried out with 150 Cobb broiler chickens divided into 3 groups with 50 birds each. The groups of infected chickens orally received 1ml of inoculum containing 3x103 Eimeria acervulina sporulated oocysts at 12 days of age. Group 1 was kept as a positive control with infected non-medicated birds, group 2 was medicated with diclazuril (1%) with a dose of 1mL/4 L of drinking water for 2 successive days, 5 days after infection, while group 3 was kept as negative control with non-infected and non-medicated birds. Oocysts count per gram of feces, score of macroscopic intestinal lesions and weight gain were evaluated. The group treated with diclazuril showed significant and satisfactory improvement in the assessment criteria when compared to the infected non-medicated group. The results revealed more reduction in the total oocyst count and intestinal lesion score in the medicated than in the infected non-treated group. The results confirmed that (1%) liquid diclazuril is effective to control Eimeria infection.
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Akhtar M, Tariq AF, Awais MM, Iqbal Z, Muhammad F, Shahid M, Hiszczynska-Sawicka E. Studies on wheat bran Arabinoxylan for its immunostimulatory and protective effects against avian coccidiosis. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:333-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Xin Y, Xie M, Zou LJ, Nie K, Wang YL. Synthesis and Anticoccidial Activity of 3-(2-(Benzofuran)-2-yl)-2-Oxoethylquinazolinone Derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13281900274006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop novel and effective anticoccidial compounds, a series of 3-(2-(benzofuran)-2-yl)-2-oxoethylquinazolinone derivatives were designed, synthesised and evaluated as potential anticoccidial drugs. The structures of these compounds were characterised by 1H NMR, IR, HRMS spectra and elemental analysis. These compounds were tested for anticoccidial activities against Eimeria tenella according to the anticoccidial index method. 6-Chloro-3-(2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl) quinazolin-4-(3H)-one exhibited significant anticoccidial activities in the chicken's diet with a dose of 18 mg kg−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
- Pharmaecutical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P. R. China
| | - Min Xie
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqi 6400715, P. R. China
| | - Kui Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqi 6400715, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Liang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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Jacobs C, Utterback P, Parsons C. Effects of corn particle size on growth performance and nutrient utilization in young chicks. Poult Sci 2010; 89:539-44. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Biggs P, Parsons CM. The effects of whole grains on nutrient digestibilities, growth performance, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in young chicks fed ground corn-soybean meal diets. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1893-905. [PMID: 19687275 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of whole wheat, whole sorghum, or whole barley on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations when supplemented primarily at the expense of corn in ground corn-soybean meal control diets. The first 4 experiments utilized New Hampshire x Columbian male chicks. In the first 2 experiments, feeding 5, 10, 15, or 20% whole wheat had no effect on growth performance at 21 d when compared with chicks fed the control diet. The third experiment tested 20, 35, and 50% whole wheat fed from 0 to 21 d of age and showed that a 50% whole wheat diet decreased (P<0.05) 21-d growth and feed efficiency when compared with chicks fed the control diet. In experiment 4, 10 and 20% whole sorghum reduced (P<0.05) growth at 21 d, whereas chicks fed 10 and 20% whole barley had similar weight gains to chicks fed a ground corn-soybean meal diet. The fifth experiment with commercial Ross x Ross male broiler chicks evaluated 10 and 20% whole sorghum or whole barley and 20 and 35% whole wheat. Growth at 21 d was unaffected by any dietary treatment. Feed efficiency was decreased (P<0.05) at 21 d with 20% whole wheat and improved (P<0.05) with 10% whole barley. Feeding whole grains to chicks resulted in an increase in gizzard weight, even as early as 7 d, in all experiments. Chicks fed diets containing 10 to 20% whole wheat generally had increased MEn values at 3 to 4, 7, 14, and 21 d and also had increased amino acid digestibility at 21 d in one experiment. At 21 d, cecal pH and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in all experiments were unaffected by feeding whole grains to chicks. The results of this study indicated that feeding whole wheat, sorghum, or barley increased gizzard weight, and feeding 10 to 20% whole wheat may increase ME and amino acid digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Biggs
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana 61801, USA
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Protective effect of hyperimmune egg yolk IgY antibodies against Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima infections. Vet Parasitol 2009; 163:123-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee S, Lillehoj H, Park D, Jang S, Morales A, García D, Lucio E, Larios R, Victoria G, Marrufo D, Lillehoj E. Induction of passive immunity in broiler chickens against Eimeria acervulina by hyperimmune egg yolk immunoglobulin Y. Poult Sci 2009; 88:562-6. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Lillehoj EP, Cho SM, Park DW, Hong YH, Chun HK, Park HJ. Immunomodulatory properties of dietary plum on coccidiosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 31:389-402. [PMID: 17686519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with a lyophilized powder made from plums (P) on host protective immune responses against avian coccidiosis, the most economically important parasitic disease of poultry. One-day-old White Leghorn chickens were fed from the time of hatch with a standard diet either without P (control and P 0 groups) or supplemented with P at 0.5% (P 0.5) or 1.0% (P 1.0) of the diet. Animals in the P 0, P 0.5, and P 1.0 groups were orally challenged with 5000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina at day 12 post-hatch, while control animals were uninfected. Dietary supplementation of P increased body weight gain, reduced fecal oocyst shedding, and increased the levels of mRNAs for interferon-gamma and interleukin-15 in the P 1.0 group at 10 days post-infection compared with the P 0 group. Furthermore, chickens fed either the P 0.5 or P 1.0 diets exhibited significantly greater spleen cell proliferation compared with the non-plum P 0 group. These results indicate that plum possesses immune enhancing properties, and that feeding chickens a plum-supplemented diet augments protective immunity against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyen Lee
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Gabriel I, Mallet S, Leconte M, Travel A, Lalles J. Effects of whole wheat feeding on the development of the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lee S, Lillehoj HS, Park DW, Hong YH, Lin JJ. Effects of Pediococcus- and Saccharomyces-based probiotic (MitoMax) on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 30:261-8. [PMID: 17434586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is the major parasitic disease of poultry. In this study, the role of the commercial probiotic MitoMax which contains Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces boulardii was evaluated by measuring body weight gain, fecal oocyst shedding, and serum antibody responses as an alternative control method of prophylactic drug against coccidiosis. Day-old broiler chicks were fed regular or probiotic diets supplemented with MitoMax at 0.01%, 0.1%, or 1.0% of diet, and challenged 2 weeks later with 5000 oocysts of either Eimeria acervulina (EA) or Eimeria tenella (ET). Birds fed 1.0% or 0.1% MitoMax-supplemented diets in EA- or ET-infected groups shed less (P<0.05) oocysts than control-infected chickens. Also, chickens fed 0.1% MitoMax-supplemented diet and infected with EA exhibited higher (P<0.001) serum Eimeria-specific antibodies than other groups. These results demonstrate that MitoMax may enhance the resistance of birds against coccidiosis by enhancing humoral immunity when included at > or = 0.1% of the broiler diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyen Lee
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Dalloul RA, Park DW, Hong YH, Lin JJ. Influence of Pediococcus-Based Probiotic on Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens. Poult Sci 2007; 86:63-6. [PMID: 17179417 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is the major parasitic disease of poultry and is caused by the apicomplexan parasites Eimeria. Drugs and live vaccines are the 2 main control measures of the disease; however, due to increasing concerns with prophylactic drug use and the high cost of vaccines, alternative control methods are needed. Recent evidence that various dietary and live microbial supplements can influence host immunity against enteric diseases prompted us to investigate the role of a Pediococcus-based probiotic on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. In the present study, we examined BW gains, oocyst shedding, and antibody responses of broilers fed the commercial probiotic MitoGrow. Day-old chicks were fed either a regular broiler diet or 1 of 2 probiotic diets supplemented with 0.1% (MG 0.1) or 0.2% MitoGrow. Chicks were orally challenged with 5,000 or 10,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina or with 5,000 Eimeria tenella oocysts on d 10 or 12 of age, respectively. In E. acervulina-infected birds, the MG 0.1 group improved (P < 0.05) weight gain as compared with the other 2 groups and reduced (P < 0.05) oocyst shedding in birds infected with 5,000 E. acervulina oocysts. In E. tenella-infected birds, Eimeria-specific antibody levels were higher (P < 0.05) in the Mito-Grow-fed groups, especially in the MG 0.1 birds, compared with the regular diet group, although their oocyst shedding and weight gains were not clearly improved. These results demonstrate that this Pediococcus acidilactici-based probiotic effectively enhances the resistance of birds and partially protects against the negative growth effects associated with coccidiosis, particularly when supplemented at 0.1% MitoGrow of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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