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Qin X, He X, Chen L, Han Y, Yun Y, Wu J, Sha L, Borjigin G. Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue in grazing cattle: Identifying key regulators of fat metabolism. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220843. [PMID: 38681730 PMCID: PMC11049749 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The taste and tenderness of meat are the main determinants of carcass quality in many countries. This study aimed to discuss the mechanisms of intramuscular fat deposition in grazing and house-breeding cattle. We performed transcriptome analysis to characterize messenger RNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. A total of 456 and 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the adipose tissue of grazing and house-breeding cattle. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified the association of DEGs with fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling pathway, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and the association of DE miRNAs with mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 genes may be the key regulators of fat metabolism in grazing cattle. Finally, we found that miR-211 and miR-331-5p were negatively correlated with the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6), and miR-331-5p might be the new regulator involved in fat metabolism. The results indicated that ELOVL6 participated in various functions and pathways related to fat metabolism. Meanwhile, miR-331-5p, as a new regulator, might play an essential role in this process. Our findings laid a more in-depth and systematic research foundation for the formation mechanism and characteristics of adipose tissue in grazing cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, #306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
- Pharmacy and Materials School, Huainan Union University, Huainan232038, China
| | - Xige He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, #306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, #306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Yunfei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, #306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Yueying Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, #306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Jindi Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, #306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Lina Sha
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, #306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Gerelt Borjigin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, #306 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
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De Zutter A, Landschoot S, Vermeir P, Van Waes C, Muylle H, Roldán-Ruiz I, Douidah L, De Boever J, Haesaert G. Variation in potential feeding value of triticale forage among plant fraction, maturity stage, growing season and genotype. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12760. [PMID: 36685447 PMCID: PMC9849984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal forages, such as triticale forage, progressively gain interest as alternative crop for maize. The main study objective was to investigate the variation in potential feeding value of triticale forage among maturity stage, growing season and genotype, using total plant and stem fractions. Therefore, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was evaluated as fast screening tool. The prediction ability was good (ratio of prediction to deviation, RPD ≥3.0) for total plant residual moisture, starch, sugars and for stem crude ash (CAsh) and neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom); suitable for screening (2.0 ≤ RPD <3.0) for total plant CAsh, acid detergent fibre (ADFom), in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD), in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (IVNDFD) and for stem total lignin (TL) and IVNDFD; poor (1.5 ≤ RPD <2.0) for total plant crude protein, crude fat, aNDFom, lignin (sa) and for stem Klason lignin (KL); unreliable (RPD <1.5) for stem residual moisture and acid soluble lignin (ASL). The evolution in potential feeding value of 36 genotypes harvested at the medium and late milk to the early, soft and hard dough stage was followed. The most important changes occurred between the late milk and early dough stage, with little variation in quality after the soft dough stage. During 2 growing seasons, variation in feeding value of 120 genotypes harvested at the soft dough stage was demonstrated. Interestingly, variation in stem IVNDFD is almost twice as high as for the total plant (CV 12.4% versus 6.6%). Furthermore, Spearman correlations show no link between dry matter yield and digestibility of genotypes harvested at the soft dough stage. Based on linear regression models ADFom appears as main predictor of both plant IVOMD and plant IVNDFD. Stem IVNDFD is particularly determined by KL.
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Key Words
- 1-VR, determination coefficient of cross-validation
- ADFom, acid detergent fibre expressed exclusive of residual ash
- CAsh, crude ash
- CELL, cellulose
- CFat, crude fat
- CP, crude protein
- CV, coefficient of variation
- DM, dry matter
- DMY, dry matter yield
- DOMY, digestible organic matter yield
- Digestibility
- Feeding value
- Forage
- GDD, growing degree days
- HCELL, hemicellulose
- IVNDFD, in vitro digestibilty of neutral detergent fibre
- IVOMD, in vitro digestibility of organic matter
- KL, Klason lignin
- Lignin (sa), lignin determined by solubilisation of cellulose with sulphuric acid
- MS, maturity stage
- MSE, mean squared error
- NIRS
- NIRS, near infrared spectroscopy
- RPD, ratio of prediction to deviation
- SECV, standard error of cross-validation
- STA, starch
- SUG, sugars
- Stem
- TL, total lignin
- Triticale
- aNDFom, neutral detergent fibre assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen De Zutter
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Waes
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Hilde Muylle
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Laid Douidah
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan De Boever
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium
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Noya A, Ripoll G, Casasús I, Sanz A. Long-term effects of early maternal undernutrition on the growth, physiological profiles, carcass and meat quality of male beef offspring. Res Vet Sci 2021; 142:1-11. [PMID: 34773792 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of maternal undernutrition in early gestation on growth, metabolic and endocrine profiles, carcass and meat quality of male offspring in cattle were assessed. Twenty-one Parda de Montaña and 14 Pirenaica cows received a CONTROL (100% nutrition requirements) or a SUBNUT (65%) diet from day 0 to 82 of gestation and thereafter were fed to requirements until calf weaning at 4 months of age. The performance and physiological profiles of male offspring during an 8-month fattening period were analyzed. Bulls were slaughtered at 12 months of age, and their carcasses and meat color, tenderness and intramuscular fatty acid profile were evaluated. Maternal undernutrition increased plasma NEFAs and impaired the growth of Pirenaica bulls, resulting in lower weights at slaughter and fatter carcasses with impaired meat tenderness. Irrespective of the breed, maternal undernutrition affected meat color and increased the meat content of some healthy fatty acids. In summary, early maternal undernutrition affected the fetal programming of beef male offspring with persistent consequences at slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustí Noya
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ripoll
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Casasús
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Albina Sanz
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.
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Feeding, Muscle and Packaging Effects on Lipid Oxidation and Color of Avileña Negra-Ibérica Beef. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102863. [PMID: 34679882 PMCID: PMC8532734 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to increase the economic profitability of Avileña-Negra Ibérica beef production, the inclusion of corn silage in total mixed rations was proposed during the fattening period. Twenty-four Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed entire young bulls were used to evaluate the effects of two feeding systems-concentrate (CON) and corn silage (SIL)-and two packaging systems-vacuum (VAC) and modified atmosphere (MAP)-on the lipid oxidation, color evolution and visual color acceptability of meat throughout display with either oxygen-permeable film (FILM) or modified atmosphere (MAP). Two muscles were assessed: Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST). Meat from SIL-fed animals had higher TBA values than CON-fed animals after 7 days in MAP packaging. Lipid oxidation was prevented more effectively by VAC packaging than MAP. Display time highly influenced lipid oxidation, since oxidation rates were lower with VAC than MAP packaging. After 14 days of display in MAP, the LT from CON was lighter than the ST. Meat discoloration after 7 days of display was significantly different between packaging systems. Vacuum-packaged meat kept the same color throughout the storage time. Visual color acceptability for the LT was higher throughout display than for the ST. Samples from the MAP were well accepted by consumers, especially the meat from the SIL group. Alternatively, feeding with corn silage could be used for this type of animals without affecting important aspects of meat quality.
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Pereira MCS, Yang WZ, Beauchemin KA, McAllister TA, Wood KM, Penner GB. Effect of silage source, physically effective neutral detergent fiber, and undigested neutral detergent fiber concentrations on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txaa236. [PMID: 33569540 PMCID: PMC7859906 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of silage source (barley vs. wheat silage) when harvested at two chop lengths (low vs. high physically effective neutral detergent fiber [peNDF]) and when barley silage was partially replaced with straw to increase the undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) concentration on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. Four hundred and fifty yearling commercial crossbred steers with an initial body weight (BW) of 432 ± 30.5 kg were allocated to 30 pens and fed diets containing 90% concentrate:10% forage for 123 d in a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement. Treatments included 1) barley silage (BarS) with low peNDF (LpeNDF); 2) BarS with high peNDF (HpeNDF); 3) BarS with straw to yield a diet with LpeNDF + uNDF; 4) wheat silage (WhS) LpeNDF; and 5) WhS HpeNDF. There were no silage × peNDF interactions for dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), or gain to feed ratio (G:F), but cattle fed WhS LpeNDF had a lower (P < 0.01) proportion of yield grade 3 and a greater proportion in yield grade 2 carcasses than cattle fed BarS LpeNDF or HpeNDF and WhS HpeNDF. Cattle fed WhS LpeNDF had greater (P = 0.02) incidence of severe liver abscesses when compared with cattle fed BarS LpeNDF or HpeNDF and WhS HpeNDF. Cattle fed BarS consumed less (P < 0.01) uNDF as a percentage of BW, had increased (P = 0.02) ADG, heavier (P = 0.02) hot carcass weight, with greater (P = 0.01) back fat thickness, and (P < 0.01) incidence of minor liver abscesses when compared with cattle fed WhS. Feeding HpeNDF did not affect DMI, ADG, or G:F, but increased (P = 0.02) marbling score and reduced (P < 0.01) the proportion AA quality grade and increased (P < 0.01) those classified as AAA when compared with cattle fed LpeNDF. Cattle fed low uNDF had lesser (P < 0.01) uNDF intake as a percentage of BW, greater dressing percentage (P = 0.01), had a lower (P < 0.01) proportion of carcasses in yield grade 2, and a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of carcasses in yield grade 3 when compared with cattle fed high uNDF. Thus, silage source, peNDF, and uNDF content do not impact DMI or G:F when diets contain 10% forage, but BarS relative to WhS as well strategies increasing the peNDF concentration may increase ADG, HCW, back fat thickness, dressing percentage, marbling score, and carcasses classified as quality grade AAA. Future research is needed to evaluate the usefulness of peNDF and uNDF in rations for finishing cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murillo C S Pereira
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wenzhu Z Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Katharine M Wood
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Noya A, Casasús I, Ferrer J, Sanz A. Effects of Developmental Programming Caused by Maternal Nutrient Intake on Postnatal Performance of Beef Heifers and Their Calves. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1072. [PMID: 31816876 PMCID: PMC6940779 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of maternal subnutrition in early pregnancy on the growth and reproductive performance of female offspring during their rearing, first gestation, and lactation. We inseminated 21 Parda and 15 Pirenaica multiparous cows and assigned them to a CONTROL (100% of nutrition requirements) or SUBNUT (65%) diet until day 82 of gestation. Cows were fed 100% requirements afterward. During the rearing of female offspring, growth, physiological profiles and ovarian follicular dynamic were studied. At 16 months old, heifers were inseminated. After first calving, dam-calf weights were recorded during lactation. Heifers born from CONTROL cows were heavier at weaning (four months old) than heifers born from SUBNUT cows, but this difference disappeared at the end of rearing and during the first gestation and lactation periods. All heifers reached puberty at a similar age and live weight. During rearing, SUBNUT heifers had higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, urea, and cholesterol and a lower antral follicle count than CONTROL, but no difference was found in their fertility rate. After heifer first calving, dam-calf weights were similar among groups. In conclusion, maternal undernutrition reduced offspring postnatal gains at weaning, compromising metabolic status and follicle population during rearing but did not impair performance in the first gestation and lactation periods of beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Albina Sanz
- Department of Animal Production, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.N.); (I.C.); (J.F.)
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Kim DH, Amanullah SM, Lee HJ, Joo YH, Han OK, Adesogan AT, Kim SC. Effects of Different Cutting Height on Nutritional Quality of Whole Crop Barley Silage and Feed Value on Hanwoo Heifers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1265-72. [PMID: 27165022 PMCID: PMC5003986 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of different cutting height on nutritive value, fermentation quality, in vitro and in vivo digestibility of whole crop barley silage. Whole crop barley forage (Yuyeon hybrid) was harvested at height of 5, 10, and 15 cm from the ground level. Each cutting height was rolled to make round bale and ensiled for 100 days. After 100 days of ensiling, pH of silage was lower (p<0.05) in 5 cm, but no difference between 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. The content of lactate and lactate to acetate ratio were increased (p<0.05) in 5 cm of cutting height, whereas the acetate content was higher (p<0.05) in 10 and 15 cm than that of 5 cm cutting height. Aerobic stability was greater (p<0.05) in silages of 10 and 15 cm of cutting height. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were formulated with silages from the three different cutting heights (TMR5, TMR10, and TMR15) incorporated as forage at 70:30 ratio with concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis). In vitro dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR5 and TMR10 than that in TMR15, whereas in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in the TMR10 and TMR15 than that in TMR5. Concentration of NH3-N was highest (p<0.05) in the TMR10 followed by TMR15 and TMR5. Total volatile fatty acid was decreased (p<0.05) with increased cutting height. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber were highest (p<0.05) in TMR15, than those in TMR5 and TMR10, whereas acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in TMR5 than that in TMR10. The results showed that increasing cutting height, at least up to 10 to 15 cm, of whole crop barley forage at harvest (Yuyeon) may be beneficial for making silage for TMR formulation and increasing digestibility of DM and NDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sardar M Amanullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh
| | - Hyuk Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Young Ho Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ouk Kyu Han
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon 16429, Korea
| | - Adegbola T Adesogan
- Department of Animal Sciences, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Rodríguez-Sánchez JA, Sanz A, Tamanini C, Casasús I. Metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive responses of beef heifers submitted to different growth strategies during the lactation and rearing periods1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3871-85. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Keogh K, Waters SM, Kelly AK, Wylie ARG, Sauerwein H, Sweeney T, Kenny DA. Feed restriction and realimentation in Holstein–Friesian bulls: II. Effect on blood pressure and systemic concentrations of metabolites and metabolic hormones1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3590-601. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Lin Z, Liao W, Yang Y, Gao Z, Ma W, Wang D, Cao Y, Li J, Cai Z. CH4 and N2O emissions from China's beef feedlots with ad libitum and restricted feeding in fall and spring seasons. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:391-400. [PMID: 25769128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurately quantifying methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from beef operations in China is necessary to evaluate the contribution of beef cattle to greenhouse gas budgets at the national and global level. Methane and N2O emissions from two intensive beef feedlots in the North China Plain, one with a restricted feeding strategy and high manure collection frequency and the other with an ad libitum feeding strategy and low manure collection frequency, were quantified in the fall and spring seasons using an inverse dispersion technique. The diel pattern of CH4 from the beef feedlot with an ad libitum feed strategy (single peak during a day) differed from that under a restricted feeding condition (multiple peaks during a day), but little difference in the diel pattern of N2O emissions between two feeding strategies was observed. The two-season average CH4 emission rates of the two intensive feedlots were 230 and 198gCH4animal(-1)d(-1) and accounted for 6.7% and 6.8% of the gross energy intake, respectively, indicating little impact of the feeding strategy and manure collection frequency on the CH4 conversion factor at the feedlot level. However, the average N2O emission rates (21.2g N2Oanimal(-1)d(-1)) and conversion factor (8.5%) of the feedlot with low manure collection frequency were approximately 131% and 174% greater, respectively, than the feedlot under high frequency conditions, which had a N2O emission rate and conversion factor of 9.2g N2Oanimal(-1)d(-1) and 3.1%, respectively, indicating that increasing manure collection frequency played an important role in reducing N2O emissions from beef feedlots. In addition, comparison indicated that China's beef and dairy cattle in feedlots appeared to have similar CH4 conversion factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Zhiling Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China.
| | - Wenqi Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Dianwu Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
| | - Zhenjiang Cai
- Mechanical and Electric Engineering College, Agricultural University of Hebei, 071000 Baoding, PR China
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Sabia E, Claps S, Napolitano F, Annicchiarico G, Bruno A, Francaviglia R, Sepe L, Aleandri R. In vivo digestibility of two different forage species inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhiza in Mediterranean red goats. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Fitzsimons C, Kenny DA, Fahey AG, McGee M. Feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, and performance of pregnant beef cows differing in phenotypic residual feed intake offered grass silage. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2170-81. [PMID: 24663212 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship of residual feed intake (RFI) and performance with feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation variables in pregnant beef cows offered a grass silage diet. Individual grass silage DMI (dry matter digestibility = 666 g/kg) was recorded on 47 gestating (mean gestation d 166, SD = 26 d) Simmental and Simmental × Holstein-Friesian beef cows for a period of 80 d. Cow BW, BCS, skeletal measurements, ultrasonically scanned muscle and fat depth, visual muscular score, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and feeding behavior were measured. Phenotypic RFI was calculated as actual DMI minus expected DMI. Expected DMI was computed for each animal by regressing DMI on conceptus-adjusted mean BW(0.75) and ADG over an 80-d period. Within breed, cows were ranked by RFI into low (efficient), medium, or high groups. Overall mean (SD) values for DMI (kg/d), RFI, initial conceptus-adjusted BW, and conceptus-adjusted ADG were 8.41 (1.09) kg/d, 0.01 (0.13) kg/d, 646 (70) kg, and -0.07 (0.32) kg, respectively. High-RFI cows ate 25% and 8% more than low- and medium-RFI cows, respectively. Live weight and ADG were not correlated (P > 0.05), and DMI was positively correlated (r = 0.80; P < 0.001) with RFI. The low- and high-RFI groups had similar (P > 0.05) BW, ADG, BCS, visual muscular scores, skeletal measurements, blood metabolites, calf birth weight, and calving difficulty scores. All ultrasonic fat and muscle depth measurements were similar (P > 0.05) for low- and high-RFI cows except for back fat thickness change, where low-RFI cows gained less fat (P < 0.05) than high-RFI cows. Low-RFI cows had greater pH and lower ammonia concentrations in ruminal fluid compared to their high-RFI contemporaries. Low-RFI cows had fewer (P < 0.001) daily feeding events, but these were of longer (P < 0.001) duration (min·feed event(-1)·d(-1)). Despite this, total daily duration of feeding was shorter (P < 0.001; min/d) for low- compared to high-RFI cows. High-RFI cows had more and a longer total duration of nonfeeding events (P < 0.001) than low-RFI cows. This study showed that compared to cows with high RFI, those with low RFI consumed less feed for similar levels of productivity, spent less time engaged in feeding-behavior-related activities, and differed in ruminal fermentation parameters. Feeding events are a significant (17%) contributory factor to variation in RFI in pregnant beef cows offered grass silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Islam M, Garcia S, Horadagoda A. Effects of irrigation and rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter yield, proportions of plant fractions of maize and nutritive value and in vitro gas production characteristics of whole crop maize silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dawson L. The effect of inclusion of lupins/triticale whole crop silage in the diet of winter finishing beef cattle on their performance and meat quality at two levels of concentrates. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kelly A, McGee M, Crews D, Lynch C, Wylie A, Evans R, Kenny D. Relationship between body measurements, metabolic hormones, metabolites and residual feed intake in performancetested pedigree beef bulls. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mc Geough EJ, O'Kiely P, Hart KJ, Moloney AP, Boland TM, Kenny DA. Methane emissions, feed intake, performance, digestibility, and rumen fermentation of finishing beef cattle offered whole-crop wheat silages differing in grain content1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2703-16. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mc Geough EJ, O'Kiely P, Foley PA, Hart KJ, Boland TM, Kenny DA. Methane emissions, feed intake, and performance of finishing beef cattle offered maize silages harvested at 4 different stages of maturity1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:1479-91. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Effects of concentrate type and level on the performance and health of finishing Hereford bulls given a grass silage-based diet and reared in cold conditions. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kelly AK, McGee M, Crews DH, Fahey AG, Wylie AR, Kenny DA. Effect of divergence in residual feed intake on feeding behavior, blood metabolic variables, and body composition traits in growing beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2009; 88:109-23. [PMID: 19820067 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship of feed efficiency and performance with feeding behavior, blood metabolic variables, and various body composition measurements in growing beef heifers. Individual DMI and growth were measured in yearling Limousin x Holstein-Friesian heifers [n = 86; initial BW = 191.8 (SD = 37) kg] fed a TMR diet comprising 70:30 concentrate:corn silage on a DM basis (ME of 2.65 Mcal/kg of DM; DM of 580 g/kg) for 82 d. Meal duration (min/d) and meal frequency (events/d) were calculated for each animal on a daily basis using an Insentec computerized feeding system. Physical measurements as well as ultrasonic fat and muscle depths were recorded on 3 equally spaced occasions during the experimental period. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture on 4 equally spaced occasions and analyzed for plasma concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, leptin, and various metabolites. Phenotypic residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated for all animals as the residuals from a multiple regression model regressing DMI on ADG and midtest BW(0.75). Overall, ADG, DMI, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and RFI were 1.51 (SD = 0.13), 6.74 (SD = 0.99), 4.48 (SD = 0.65), and 0.00 (SD = 0.48) kg/d, respectively. Residual feed intake was positively correlated with DMI (r = 0.47) and FCR (r = 0.46), but not with ADG or midtest BW. Positive correlations (ranging from r = 0.27 to r = 0.63) were estimated between ultrasonic measures of final lumbar fat and lumbar fat accretion over the test period and DMI, FCR, and RFI. The inclusion of gain in lumbar fat to the base RFI model increased R(2) (0.77 vs. 0.80) value for the degree of variation in DMI not explained by midtest BW and ADG alone. The Pearson rank correlation between RFI and carcass-adjusted RFI (RFI(c)) was high (r = 0.93). From the plasma analytes measured, NEFA (r = -0.21; P < 0.05) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (r = 0.37; P < 0.05) concentrations were correlated with RFI. Plasma leptin (r = 0.48), glucose:insulin (r = -0.23), NEFA (r = -0.32), and beta-hydroxybutyrate (r = 0.25) were associated with FCR. However, systemic IGF-I and insulin were unrelated (P > 0.05) to any measure of feed efficiency. The feeding behavior traits of eating rate, daily feeding events, and nonfeeding events were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with RFI and RFI(c). This multifactorial study provides new information on some of the biological processes responsible for variation in feed efficiency in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Kelly
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Walsh K, O’Kiely P, Taweel H, McGee M, Moloney A, Boland T. Intake, digestibility and rumen characteristics in cattle offered whole-crop wheat or barley silages of contrasting grain to straw ratios. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Live animal measurements, carcass composition and plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations in male progeny of sires differing in genetic merit for beef production. Animal 2009; 3:933-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109004327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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