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Martins CF, Trevisi P, Coelho DF, Correa F, Ribeiro DM, Alfaia CM, Pinho M, Pestana JM, Mourato MP, Almeida AM, Fontes CMGA, Freire JPB, Prates JAM. Influence of Chlorella vulgaris on growth, digestibility and gut morphology and microbiota of weaned piglet. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6012. [PMID: 35397660 PMCID: PMC8994764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Chlorella vulgaris (5% in the diet), supplemented or not with two exogenous carbohydrase mixtures on piglets’ performance, nutrient digestibility and gut morphology, fermentation products and microbiota. Forty-four male piglets weaned at 28 days of age, with 11.2 ± 0.46 kg of live weight, were used and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: cereal and soybean meal based-diet (control, n = 11), control diet with 5% of C. vulgaris (CH, n = 10), CH diet supplemented with 0.005% of Rovabio® Excel AP (CH + R, n = 10) and CH diet supplemented with 0.01% of a recombinant 4-carbohydrase mixture (CH + M, n = 11). Growth performance was not changed by the of C. vulgaris inclusion during 21 days of trial. However, total tract apparent digestibility of nutritional fractions was negatively impacted by the inclusion. In addition, the viscosity of duodenum plus jejunum contents slightly increased in all groups fed with the microalga. In contrast, dietary microalga increased duodenum villus height and promoted a healthier gut microbiota, with higher abundance of some specific bacterial taxa (Colidextribacter, Oscillospira and Lactobacillus). This study indicates that the dietary inclusion of 5% C. vulgaris improves piglets’ gut health without impairing performance. Data also indicate that C. vulgaris reduces nutrient digestibility but promotes compensatory developments of gut mucosa and prebiotic effects. Dietary supplementation with exogenous carbohydrases does not seem to be necessary for this inclusion level. Therefore, the incorporation of CH as a sustainable feed ingredient in piglets’ nutrition is a viable alternative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia F Martins
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diogo F Coelho
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Federico Correa
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David M Ribeiro
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Alfaia
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Pinho
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M Pestana
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel P Mourato
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André M Almeida
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,NZYTech-Genes and Enzymes, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício E, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João P B Freire
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. .,NZYTech-Genes and Enzymes, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício E, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Chaves AAM, Martins CF, Vasconcelos M, Almeida AM, Freire JPB. In vitro digestibility of four high moisture grains used in liquid pig feeding. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:136. [PMID: 35296954 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the livestock sector is the need to increase sustainability and production efficiency. In pig production, feed is the main production cost. High moisture grains (HMGs) have recently emerged as an interesting alternative to conventional feedstuffs. In this study, the nutritional value for pigs of eight HMGs was determined considering the chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility. We have used four seeds (lupine, barley, wheat, and corn) and two substrates (water and whey). Lupine HMG showed higher values of crude fat (2.12%) and crude protein (8.59%). Within cereal HMGs, corn HMG showed higher DM (34.37%), OM (36.27%), and starch (27.17%) values; wheat HMG stood out for crude protein content (4.23%) and barley for NDF (5.68%). The pH values were low for all HMG, with lupine having the highest value (4.39). Ammoniacal nitrogen had the highest value for wheat HMG (6.10%). When whey was used as substrate, it improved the characteristics of the HMG. Regarding in vitro digestibility, of the four HMGs studied, wheat showed the highest value for DM (89.93%), while lupine showed the highest value for crude protein (96.12%). When considering the substrates, whey showed better results for all in vitro digestibility's parameters (87.48%, 90.95%, and 90.59%, for DM, OM, and crude protein, respectively). Overall, all HMGs showed good conservation of nutritional value and high in vitro digestibility. The use of whey as a substrate was beneficial for HMG quality. Results show that the analyzed HMG can be efficiently used in the framework of swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M Chaves
- LEAF ‑ LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de LisboaTapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349‑017, Portugal
| | - C F Martins
- LEAF ‑ LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de LisboaTapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349‑017, Portugal.,CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Vasconcelos
- LEAF ‑ LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de LisboaTapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349‑017, Portugal
| | - A M Almeida
- LEAF ‑ LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de LisboaTapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349‑017, Portugal.
| | - J P B Freire
- LEAF ‑ LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de LisboaTapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, 1349‑017, Portugal
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Geng Y, Qin L, Liu Y, Zhang S. Ultrastructure observation and transcriptome analysis of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) seeds in response to water loss. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li J, Xing T, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Gao F. Dietary corn resistant starch regulates intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating the Notch signaling pathway of broilers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:2008-2020. [PMID: 32164060 PMCID: PMC7649406 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary corn resistant starch (RS) on the intestinal morphology and barrier functions of broilers. Methods A total of 320 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments: one normal corn–soybean (NC) diet, one corn–soybean–based diet supplementation with 20% corn starch (CS), and 3 corn–soybean–based diets supplementation with 4%, 8%, and 12% corn resistant starch (RS) (identified as 4% RS, 8% RS, and 12% RS, respectively). Each group had eight replicates with eight broilers per replicate. After 21 days feeding, one bird with a body weight (BW) close to the average BW of their replicate was selected and slaughtered. The samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum digesta, and blood were collected. Results Birds fed 4% RS, 8% RS and 12% RS diets showed lower feed intake, BW gain, jejunal villus height (VH), duodenal crypt depth (CD), jejunal VH/CD ratio, duodenal goblet cell density as well as mucin1 mRNA expressions compared to the NC group, but showed higher concentrations of cecal acetic acid and butyric acid, percentage of jejunal proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and delta like canonical Notch ligand 4 (Dll4), and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 mRNA expressions. However, there were no differences on the plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactic acid concentration among all groups. Conclusion These findings suggested that RS could suppress intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating Notch pathway and inhibiting the development of goblet cells, resulting in decreased mucins and tight junction mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingsen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zeng H, Huang C, Lin S, Zheng M, Chen C, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Lotus Seed Resistant Starch Regulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Mineral Absorption in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9217-9225. [PMID: 28954513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lotus seed resistant starch, known as resistant starch type 3 (LRS3), was orally administered to mice to investigate its effects on the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and mineral absorption. The results showed that mice fed LRS3 displayed a lower level of gut bacterial diversity than other groups. The numbers of starch-utilizing and butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridium, respectively, in mice increased after the administration of medium and high doses of LRS3, while those of Rikenellaceae and Porphyromonadaceae decreased. Furthermore, SCFAs and lactic acid in mice feces were affected by LRS3, and lactate was fermented to butyrate by gut microbiota. LRS3 enhanced the intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and iron, and this was dependent on the type and concentration of SCFAs, especially butyrate. Thus, LRS3 promoted the production of SCFAs and mineral absorption by regulating gut microbiota in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cancan Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
| | - Chuanjie Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian P. R. China 350002
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
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Ansari L, Ali TM, Hasnain A. Effect of chemical modifications on morphological and functional characteristics of water-chestnut starches and their utilization as a fat-replacer in low-fat mayonnaise. STARCH-STARKE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Ansari
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Karachi; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Tahira Mohsin Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Karachi; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Abid Hasnain
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Karachi; Karachi Pakistan
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