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Ma Y, Han L, Hou S, Gui L, Sun S, Yuan Z, Yang C, Wang Z, Yang B. Fatty Acids and Volatile Flavor Components of Adipose Tissue from Local Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai with Dietary Supplementation of Palm Kernel Meal (PKM). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2113. [PMID: 39061575 PMCID: PMC11274258 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Substituting traditional protein feed with palm kernel meal (PKM) in the diet of Tibetan sheep can be a cost-effective feeding strategy. To determine the impact of PKM on flavor development in different adipose tissues of Tibetan sheep, subjects were fed with 15% and 18% of PKM, while the control group received no PKM. The fatty acids and volatile compounds in the samples were then analyzed by GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS. Adding PKM to the diet significantly increased the C12:0, C14:0, C16:0 and C18:1N9 content in adipose tissues compared with the control, and most of these were associated with flavor formation (p < 0.05). The flavor compounds in the adipose tissues predominantly consisted of alcohols, ketones, acids and aldehydes. In particular, including PKM in the diet increased the proportion of ketones but decreased the proportion of alcohols, acids and aldehydes in subcutaneous and tail fat. Specifically, the proportion of acetone, acetoin monomer, 2,3-butanedione, 2-butanone monomer, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol and methyl acetate increased significantly in the subcutaneous and tail fat (p < 0.05), while that of ethanol, 1-propanol monomer, butanol monomer, acetic acid monomer and acetic acid monomer decreased. Intermuscular fat exhibited variable results, mainly because the addition of PKM resulted in higher proportions of alcohols, including ethanol, 1-propanol and butanol monomer, especially at 15% PKM. In summary, the addition of PKM improved the flavor of Tibetan sheep fat and increased the amount of favorable volatile flavor compounds. This study can serve as reference for understanding the effects of dietary PKM on the adipose tissue flavor profile of Tibetan sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijuan Han
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.M.); (S.H.); (L.G.); (S.S.); (Z.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.W.); (B.Y.)
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Zhang Y, Yao D, Huang H, Zhang M, Sun L, Su L, Zhao L, Guo Y, Jin Y. Probiotics Increase Intramuscular Fat and Improve the Composition of Fatty Acids in Sunit Sheep through the Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling Pathway. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:805-825. [PMID: 37701743 PMCID: PMC10493559 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment aims to investigate the impact of probiotic feed on growth performance, carcass traits, plasma lipid biochemical parameters, intramuscular fat and triglyceride content, fatty acid composition, mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, and the activity of the enzyme in Sunit sheep. In this experiment, 12 of 96 randomly selected Sunit sheep were assigned to receive the basic diet or the basic diet supplemented with probiotics. The results showed that supplementation with probiotics significantly increased the loin eye area, and decreased plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids, increasing the content of intramuscular fat and triglycerides in the muscle and improving the composition of the fatty acids. The inclusion of probiotics in the diet reduced the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 2 (AMPKα2) mRNA and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) mRNA, while increasing the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα) mRNA, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA, fatty acid synthase mRNA, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA. The results of this study indicate that supplementation with probiotics can regulate fat deposition and improves the composition of fatty acids in Sunit sheep through the signaling pathways AMPK-ACC-CPT1B and AMPK-SREBP-1c. This regulatory mechanism leads to an increase in intramuscular fat content, a restructuring of muscle composition of the fatty acids, and an enhancement of the nutritional value of meat. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the food science of animal resources and provide valuable references for the production of meat of higher nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,
China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb
Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the
People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Duo Yao
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Quality and
Standardization, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Huan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,
China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,
China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb
Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the
People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,
China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb
Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the
People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,
China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb
Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the
People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - LiHua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,
China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb
Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the
People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yueying Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,
China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb
Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the
People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,
China
- Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb
Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the
People’s Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
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Wang H, Xia P, Lu Z, Su Y, Zhu W. Time-restricted feeding affects transcriptomic profiling of hypothalamus in pigs through regulating aromatic amino acids metabolism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1578-1587. [PMID: 36207281 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an effective means that can efficiently regulate the metabolism and health of animals and humans. However, the effect of TRF on hypothalamic function remains unclear. RESULTS Results showed that TRF significantly increased the activities of digestive enzymes lipase, maltase in the duodenum and lipase, trypsin in the pancreas whereas significantly decreased serum gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and ghrelin. Metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, including citrulline, kynurenine, N-acetylleucine, l-tryptophan, and l-tyrosine, significantly increased in the TRF group. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis of hypothalamus showed that a total of 462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly changed by TRF. In particular, DEGs such as DDC, TH, GOT2, and DBH involved in aromatic amino acid metabolism pathways were significantly downregulated, whereas the expression of CYP1B1 was significantly upregulated. Moreover, DEGs (PDYN and PPP3CA) involved in amphetamine addiction and cocaine addiction were also downregulated in the TRF group. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggested that TRF improved the digestion and absorption of nutrients and thus increased the accessibilities of aromatic amino acids. The increasing of circulating aromatic amino acids might mediate the regulatory neuroendocrine effects of TRF regimes on the hypothalamus functions, especially on drug addictions. This study reveals a possible mechanism underlying the effects of regulating feeding patterns on the function of the hypothalamus by altering aromatic amino acids metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengke Xia
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Lu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Bartkovský M, Sopková D, Andrejčáková Z, Vlčková R, Semjon B, Marcinčák S, Bujňák L, Pospiech M, Nagy J, Popelka P, Kyzeková P. Effect of Concentration of Flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum) and Duration of Administration on Fatty Acid Profile, and Oxidative Stability of Pork Meat. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091087. [PMID: 35565513 PMCID: PMC9105188 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed is a common ingredient used for livestock feed. The aim of this work was to study the effect of a diet supplemented with flaxseed at 5% and 10% concentrations in the intervals of 3 and 6 weeks prior slaughter on fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of pork meat. Meat samples were collected after slaughter from each animal (five groups, n = 6). Samples of the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) and the musculus gluteobiceps (MGB) were selected. Chemical composition, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability during the storage of meat under chilling conditions (4 °C, 7 days) was analyzed. The addition of flaxseed significantly affected the composition of fatty acid profile and the shelf life of the produced meat. The fat content was changed in the experimental groups with 10% flaxseed supplementation (10.84% in MGB and 9.56% MLD) versus the control group. Despite the different concentrations of flaxseed, the best EPA/AA ratio was observed in the experimental groups fed with flaxseed supplementation for 3 weeks. The worst oxidative stability of meat samples (p < 0.05) was recorded in the experimental groups with the addition of flaxseed for 6 weeks, which was related to higher PUFA content in samples of the experimental groups and higher susceptibility of PUFAs to lipid oxidation. The oxidative stability of meat in the experimental group fed 5% flaxseed supplementation for 3 weeks was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bartkovský
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (D.S.); Tel.: +421-917-124-764 (M.B.); +421-915-984-767 (D.S.)
| | - Drahomíra Sopková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.A.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (D.S.); Tel.: +421-917-124-764 (M.B.); +421-915-984-767 (D.S.)
| | - Zuzana Andrejčáková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Radoslava Vlčková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Boris Semjon
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Lukáš Bujňák
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Matej Pospiech
- Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého Tr. 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jozef Nagy
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (B.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Petronela Kyzeková
- Clinic of Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
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Chen J, Cui H, Liu X, Li J, Zheng J, Li X, Wang L. Effects of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on growth performance, blood indexes, tissue fatty acid composition and related gene expression in PPARγ signaling in finishing pigs. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:730-739. [PMID: 34727639 PMCID: PMC9065778 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the effects of dietary n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio on growth performance, blood indexes, tissue fatty acid composition and the gene expression in finishing pigs. Methods Seventy-two crossbred ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire) barrows (68.5±1.8 kg) were fed one of four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 8:1. Results Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio had quadratic responses but the measurements were increased and then decreased (quadratic, p<0.05). The concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and interleukin 6 were linearly increased (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, while that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to decrease (p = 0.062), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and leptin concentration were linearly decreased (p<0.05). The concentration of serum adiponectin had a quadratic response but the measurement was decreased and then increased (quadratic, p<0.05). The proportion of C18:3n-3 was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in the longissimus thoracis (LT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) as dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio increasing, while the proportion of C18:2n-6 and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were linearly increased (p<0.05). In addition, the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase in the LT and SCAT, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the SCAT had quadratic responses but the measurements were increased and then decreased (quadratic, p<0.05). The expression of HSL in the LT was linearly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. Conclusion Dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio could regulate lipid and fatty acid metabolism in blood and tissue. Reducing dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (3:1) could appropriately suppress expression of related genes in PPARγ signaling, and result in improved growth performance and n-3 PUFA deposition in muscle and adipose tissue in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Hongze Cui
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.,Shenyang Wise Diligence Agriculture-Technology Company Limited, Xinmin, Liaoning, 110300, China
| | - Jiaxing Zheng
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
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Alencar SADS, Kiefer C, Nascimento KMRDS, Viana LH, Corassa A, Gomes MDNB, Marçal DA, Farias TVA. Dietary soybean oil modulates fatty acid composition of pork. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:357. [PMID: 34114089 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of soybean oil level on performance and fatty acid profile of backfat and longissimus lumborum muscle of gilts. Forty-eight gilts with an initial weight of 21.75 ± 0.138 kg and final weight of 98.65 ± 2.106 kg were subjected to one of the following six dietary soybean oil inclusions (0.00, 1.086, 2.173, 3.259, 4.345, and 5.432%). Experimental design was completely randomized block with six treatments and four replicates of two animals each. Lipid profile of backfat and longissimus lumborum muscle was analyzed by gas chromatography. Increasing dietary soybean oil levels did not influence final weight, daily weight gain, and feed intake (P > 0.05) but improved feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05). The inclusion of soybean oil modified the lipid profile of backfat and muscle, reduced saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration, mainly linoleic and α-linolenic acids (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary soybean oil inclusion decreased atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes, and the omega-6:omega-3 ratio of the backfat and longissimus lumborum muscle (P < 0.05). The level of soybean oil in swine diets influenced backfat and longissimus lumborum lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Kiefer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Viana
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Corassa
- Sinop Campus, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Marina de Nadai Bonin Gomes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Danilo Alves Marçal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vieira Aguiar Farias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Wang X, Martin GB, Wen Q, Liu S, Li Y, Shi B, Guo X, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Yan S. Palm oil protects α-linolenic acid from rumen biohydrogenation and muscle oxidation in cashmere goat kids. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:100. [PMID: 33029349 PMCID: PMC7534170 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In ruminants, dietary C18:3n-3 can be lost through biohydrogenation in the rumen; and C18:3n-3 that by-passes the rumen still can be lost through oxidation in muscle, theoretically reducing the deposition of C18:3n-3, the substrate for synthesis of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) in muscle. In vitro studies have shown that rumen hydrogenation of C18:3n-3 is reduced by supplementation with palm oil (rich in cis-9 C18:1). In addition, in hepatocytes, studies with neonatal rats have shown that cis-9 C18:1 inhibits the oxidation of C18:3n-3. It therefore seems likely that palm oil could reduce both rumen biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 and muscle oxidation of C18:3n-3. The present experiment tested whether the addition of palm oil to a linseed oil supplement for goat kids would prevent the losses of C18:3n-3 and thus improve the FA composition in two muscles, Longissimus dorsi and Biceps femoris. To investigate the processes involved, we studied the rumen bacterial communities and measured the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in Longissimus dorsi. Sixty 4-month-old castrated male Albas white cashmere kids were randomly allocated among three dietary treatments. All three diets contained the same ingredients in the same proportions, but differed in their fat additives: palm oil (PMO), linseed oil (LSO) or mixed oil (MIX; 2 parts linseed oil plus 1 part palm oil on a weight basis). Results Compared with the LSO diet, the MIX diet decreased the relative abuandance of Pseudobutyrivibrio, a bacterial species that is positively related to the proportional loss rate of dietary C18:3n-3 and that has been reported to generate the ATP required for biohydrogenation (reflecting a decrease in the abundance of rumen bacteria that hydrogenate C18:3n-3 in MIX kids). In muscle, the MIX diet increased concentrations of C18:3n-3, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 LCPUFA, and thus decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio; decreased the mRNA expression of CPT1β (a gene associated with fatty acid oxidation) and increased the mRNA expression of FADS1 and FADS2 (genes associated with n-3 LCPUFA synthesis), compared with the LSO diet. Interestingly, compared to Longissimus dorsi, Biceps femoris had greater concentrations of PUFA, greater ratios of unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (U/S), and poly-unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (P/S), but a lesser concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Conclusions In cashmere goat kids, a combination of linseed and palm oils in the diet increases the muscle concentration of n-3 LCPUFA, apparently by decreasing the relative abundance of rumen bacteria that are positively related to the proportional loss rate of dietary C18:3n-3, by inhibiting mRNA expression of genes related to C18:3n-3 oxidation in muscle, and by up-regulating mRNA expression of genes related to n-3 LCPUFA synthesis in muscle, especially in Longissimus dorsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Graeme B Martin
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Qi Wen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Shulin Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Yinhao Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Binlin Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
| | - Yangdong Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Sumei Yan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018 China
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Chen J, Li J, Liu X, He Y. Effects of dietary fat saturation level on growth performance, carcass traits, blood lipid parameters, tissue fatty acid composition and meat quality of finishing pigs. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:895-903. [PMID: 32898947 PMCID: PMC8100467 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratios (UFA to SFA ratios) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood lipid parameters, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Methods A total of 45 crossbred pigs ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire), with an average initial body weight of 60.3±2.4 kg, were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 dietary UFA to SFA ratios. Results Both average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas backfat thickness was decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased quadratically or linearly (p<0.05) respectively, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased quadratically (p<0.05) with increasing dietary UFA to SFA ratio. In M. longissimus thoracis, the proportion of C18:1 and monounsaturated FA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were increased linearly (p<0.05) as dietary UFA to SFA ratio increased. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue, the proportion of SFA was decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas the proportion of n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and the UFA to SFA ratios were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Meat color scores and shear force of pigs were decreased linearly (p<0.05), whereas drip loss and cooking loss were increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary UFA to SFA ratio. Conclusion Appropriately boosted dietary UFA to SFA ratio could be conductive to optimize blood lipid parameters and tissue FA composition. However, when the ratio is too high or too low it tends to have negative effects on growth performance and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Shenyang Wise Diligence AgricultureTechnology Company Limited, Xinmin 110300, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang He
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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9
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Song CH, Oh SM, Lee S, Choi Y, Kim JD, Jang A, Kim J. The Ratio of Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Influences the Fat Composition and Lipogenic Enzyme Activity in Adipose Tissue of Growing Pigs. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:242-253. [PMID: 32161919 PMCID: PMC7057037 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing interest among consumers in selecting healthier meat with a greater proportion of essential fatty acids (FA). This experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of different ratios of dietary n-6:n-3 on growth performance, FA profile of longissimus dorsi (LD), relative gene expression of cytokines, meat quality, and blood parameters in finishing pigs. A total of 108 finishing pigs was randomly allotted to three treatments including a control (basal diet) and low ratios (4:1 and 2:1) of n-6:n-3. The 4:1 and 2:1 diets decreased the overall stearic acid in LD. There were reductions in the content of stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, total saturated acid, and n-6:n-3 ratio of LD in pigs fed 4:1 and 2:1 diet compared with the control diet. The 4:1 and 2:1 diets increased the concentration of α-Linolenic acid and polyunsaturated FA in the LD of pigs. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme gene was down-regulated in pigs fed 2:1 diet compared with finishing pigs fed the control or 4:1 diets. The relative expression of hormone-sensitive lipase was increased in pigs fed 2:1 and 4:1 ratio diets. Lower total cholesterol of plasma was observed in finishing pigs fed 2:1 and 4:1 diets. The cooking loss ratio of meat was lower in pigs fed the 2:1 and 4:1 diets compared with the control diet. Pigs fed the 4:1 and 2:1 diets had greater final body weight. In conclusion, the 2:1 and 4:1 diets have the potential to increase the meat quality and growth performance of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Song
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 63052, Korea
| | - SuHyup Lee
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - YoHan Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Jeong Dae Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science, BK21 Plus Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - JinSoo Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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10
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Liu G, Ding Y, Chen Y, Yang Y. Effect of energy intake and L-carnitine on fattening performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood metabolites, and gene expression of lamb. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Huang C, Chiba L, Magee W, Wang Y, Rodning S, Bratcher C, Bergen W, Spangler E. Effect of flaxseed oil, poultry fat, and vitamin E supplementation on physical and organoleptic characteristics and fatty acid profile of pork, and expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Tretola M, Maghin F, Silacci P, Ampuero S, Bee G. Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower-Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121063. [PMID: 31810259 PMCID: PMC6940899 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective data analysis suggested that the levels of boar taint compounds depend on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level of the adipose tissue (AT) being significantly greater in the unsaturated AT. In addition, we recently reported that hydrolysable tannins (HTs) offered to entire males (EMs) reduce skatole and, to a greater extent, indole levels in the AT. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of HTs and a high dietary level of PUFA on growth performance and board taint compounds in EMs. In addition, the interaction between PUFA and HTs on gut microbiota and its link to intestinal skatole and indole production was investigated. At 25 kg BW, 44 EM originating from 11 litters were randomly assigned within litter to four dietary treatments. Two basal grower (25-60 kg BW) and finisher (60-105 kg BW) diets containing either 2% soy oil (H = high PUFA level) or 2% tallow (L = low PUFA level) were formulated. The H and L diets were either supplemented (H+/L+) or not (H-/L-) with 3% chestnut extract containing 50% HTs. The pigs had ad libitum access to the diets and were slaughtered at 170 days of age. The microbiota composition was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing (Illumia MiSeq platform, San Diego, CA, USA) and analyzed with a specific packages in R, version 3.5.0. Regardless of the PUFA content, the EMs fed the H+ diets were 2% (p < 0.01) less feed efficient overall. This was due to the slower (p = 0.01) growth in the finisher period despite similar feed intake. Carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. Regardless of HT feeding, the PUFA level in the AT of the H pigs was 10% greater (p = 0.05) than in the L pigs. The indole level tended (p = 0.08) to be 50% lower in the H+ group. Surprisingly, the pigs that were fed diet H- had greater skatole levels than those fed diet L-, with intermediate skatole levels in the H+ and L+. Independent of the PUFA level, the HTs decreased bacteria abundance and qualitatively affected the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these data do not confirm that boar taint compound levels were related to PUFA levels in the AT. However, HTs can be considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibacterial additives, with no detrimental effects on pig gut health and with appealing properties for reducing the synthesis of the main components of boar taint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tretola
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Federica Maghin
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Silacci
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Ampuero
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Bee
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zhu Y, Zhou P, Zhang L, Li J, Gao F, Zhou G. Effects of dietary crude protein levels and cysteamine supplementation on meat quality and related indices of finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2016-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein levels and cysteamine (CS) supplementation on meat quality and related indices in longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. One hundred and twenty barrows were randomly allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with five replicates of six pigs each. The primary variations were crude protein levels (14% or 10%) and CS supplemental levels (0 or 140 mg kg−1). After 41 d, 10 pigs per treatment were slaughtered. The results showed that low-protein level diets (LPDs) decreased Warner–Bratzler shear force (P < 0.01) and increased the content of intramuscular fat (P < 0.01). The mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes were up-regulated (P < 0.01), and the mRNA expressions of lipolytic genes were down-regulated (P < 0.01) in pigs fed LPD. LPDs increased the mRNA expressions of μ-calpain, and decreased the mRNA expression of calpastatin (P < 0.01). In addition, CS supplementation increased the mRNA expression of μ-calpain (P < 0.01). In conclusion, LPD improved the meat quality probably through regulating the lipogenesis, lipolysis, and the proteolysis process in muscle. The CS supplementation did not affect the meat quality of finishing pigs. Moreover, no significant interaction between dietary protein levels and CS supplementation for the meat quality of finishing pigs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.P. Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - P. Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - L. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - J.L. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - F. Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - G.H. Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Wang X, Martin GB, Liu S, Shi B, Guo X, Zhao Y, Yan S. The mechanism through which dietary supplementation with heated linseed grain increases n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in subcutaneous adipose tissue of cashmere kids. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:385-397. [PMID: 30312437 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with heated linseed on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the plasma, liver, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SADT) of Albas white cashmere kids, particularly the effect on n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA profiles and the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in SADT. Sixty 4-month-old castrated male kids (average BW 18.6 ± 0.1 kg) were selected and randomly allocated into three groups in a randomized block design. Three dietary treatments were used: (1) basal diet without supplementation (Control), (2) basal diet supplemented with linseed oil (LSO), and (3) basal diet supplemented with heated linseed grain (HLS). The diets were fed for 104 d, consisting of 14 d for adaptation followed by 90 d of measurement. Different FA profiles were found in SADT between LSO and HLS. Kids fed HLS had more C18:3n3 (P < 0.0001), C22:6n3 (P = 0.007), and n-3 PUFA (P < 0.0001) and a less (P < 0.0001) n-6/n-3 ratio than LSO kids. These FA differences between LSO and HLS kids were due to the increased expression of elongation of very long chain FA protein 5 (P < 0.0001), delta-6 desaturase (P < 0.0001), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (P = 0.003) in SADT of HLS kids and was also associated with liver fat metabolism. Together, these results suggest that the consumption of HLS leads to more C22:6n3 than LSO in SADT by increasing liver C22:6n3 content and by increasing SADT mRNA expression of ELOVL5 and FADS2 through promoting PPARα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Graeme B Martin
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Shulin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Sumei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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15
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Hao Y, Feng Y, Yang P, Cui Y, Liu J, Yang C, Gu X. Transcriptome analysis reveals that constant heat stress modifies the metabolism and structure of the porcine longissimus dorsi skeletal muscle. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:2101-2115. [PMID: 27561287 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high ambient temperatures is detrimental to pig rearing and porcine meat quality. Deep molecular sequencing allows for genomic characterization of porcine skeletal muscles and helps understand how the genomic landscape may impact meat quality. To this end, we performed mRNA-seq to molecularly dissect the impact of heat stress on porcine skeletal muscles, longissimus dorsi. Sixteen castrated, male DLY pigs [which are crossbreeds between Duroc (D) boars and Landrace (L) × Yorkshire (Y) sows, 79.0 ± 1.5 kg BW] were evenly split into two groups that were subjected to either control (CON) (22 °C; 55 % humidity) or constant heat stress (H30; 30 °C; 55 % humidity) conditions for 21 days. Seventy-eight genes were found to be differentially expressed, of which 37 were up-regulated and 41 were down-regulated owing to constant heat stress. We predicted 5247 unknown genes and 6108 novel transcribed units attributed to alternative splicing (AS) events in the skeletal muscle. Furthermore, 30,761 and 31,360 AS events were observed in the CON and H30 RNA-seq libraries, respectively. The differentially expressed genes in the porcine skeletal muscles were involved in glycolysis, lactate metabolism, lipid metabolism, cellular defense, and stress responses. Additionally, the expression levels of these genes were associated with variations in meat quality between the CON and H30 groups, indicating that heat stress modulated genes crucial to skeletal muscle development and metabolism. Our transcriptomic analysis provides valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing porcine skeletal muscle development. Such insights may lead to innovative strategies to improve meat quality of pigs under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuejin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peige Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chunhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Dalla Bona M, Schiavon S, Carraro L, Gallo L. Growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of growing pigs on different feeding regimes slaughtered at 145 kg BW. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1210993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Dalla Bona
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Carraro
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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17
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Tartrakoon W, Tartrakoon T, Kitsupee N. Effects of the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid on the growth performance, carcass and meat quality of finishing pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:79-85. [PMID: 29767086 PMCID: PMC5941031 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effects on finishing pigs (80–100 kg BW) fed diets supplemented with oil sources containing different ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (UFA:SFA ratio) were evaluated in 15 barrows and 15 gilts (Duroc × Large White × Landrace). Three experimental diets were evaluated using a randomized complete block design, with broken rice, soybean meal and rice bran as the main feedstuffs in the control diet. Diets 2 and 3 consisted of the control diet supplemented with 3% oil, with UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) found in the average daily gain (ADG) of the pigs fed the treatment diets; however, the pigs fed the control diet and diet 3 had better (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratios (FCR) than the pigs fed diet 2. The pigs fed diets 2 and 3, which were supplemented with oil at UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1, had greater (P < 0.05) average daily feed intakes (ADFI) than the pigs in the control group. Additionally, it was found that the gender of the pigs had an effect (P < 0.05) on the FCR. Interaction effects between the experimental diets and the gender of the pigs (P < 0.05) were found in the ADFI and FCR. There were no significance differences (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups with regard to the carcass quality of the pigs; however, it was found that the gilts had greater (P < 0.01) loin eye areas than the barrows fed diets 2 and 3 and the loin eye area of pig fed diet 2 was the largest (P < 0.05). In the case of the meat quality parameters, it was clearly found that the pigs fed the control diet had a greater (P < 0.05) lightness (L∗) in the meat colour, and the lowest cooking loss was found in the pigs fed the diet supplemented with fat containing the UFA:SFA ratio of 5:1. Overall, the dietary treatment did not significantly affect the drip loss, thawing loss and shear force of the pork. In conclusion, the supplementation of oil with UFA:SFA ratios of 2.5:1 and 5:1 has the potential to improve pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Tartrakoon
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resource and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Tinnagon Tartrakoon
- Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Phitsanulok Campus, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
| | - Nattporn Kitsupee
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resource and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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