1
|
Zeng J, Wang D, Sun H, Liu H, Zhao FQ, Liu J. Heat stress affects mammary metabolism by influencing the plasma flow to the glands. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:92. [PMID: 38965570 PMCID: PMC11225325 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental heat stress (HS) can have detrimental effects on milk production by compromising the mammary function. Mammary plasma flow (MPF) plays a crucial role in nutrient supply and uptake in the mammary gland. In this experiment, we investigated the physiological and metabolic changes in high-yielding cows exposed to different degrees of HS: no HS with thermal-humidity index (THI) below 68 (No-HS), mild HS (Mild-HS, 68 ≤ THI ≤ 79), and moderate HS (Mod-HS, 79 < THI ≤ 88) in their natural environment. Our study focused on the changes in blood oxygen supply and mammary glucose uptake and utilization. RESULTS Compared with No-HS, the MPF of dairy cows was greater (P < 0.01) under Mild-HS, but was lower (P < 0.01) in cows under Mod-HS. Oxygen supply and consumption exhibited similar changes to the MPF under different HS, with no difference in ratio of oxygen consumption to supply (P = 0.46). The mammary arterio-vein differences in glucose concentration were lower (P < 0.05) under Mild- and Mod-HS than under no HS. Glucose supply and flow were significantly increased (P < 0.01) under Mild-HS but significantly decreased (P < 0.01) under Mod-HS compared to No-HS. Glucose uptake (P < 0.01) and clearance rates (P < 0.01) were significantly reduced under Mod-HS compared to those under No-HS and Mild-HS. Under Mild-HS, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the ratio of lactose yield to mammary glucose supply compared to that under No-HS and Mod-HS, with no difference (P = 0.53) in the ratio of lactose yield to uptaken glucose among different HS situations. CONCLUSIONS Degrees of HS exert different influences on mammary metabolism, mainly by altering MPF in dairy cows. The output from this study may help us to develop strategies to mitigate the impact of different degrees of HS on milk production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huizeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Mi S, Li W, Zhang J, Augustino SMA, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Xiao W, Yu Y. Molecular regulatory mechanism of key LncRNAs in subclinical mastitic cows with folic acid supplementation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:464. [PMID: 37592228 PMCID: PMC10436419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin (B9), which is closely related to the body's immune and other metabolic pathways. The folic acid synthesized by rumen microbes has been unable to meet the needs of high-yielding dairy cows. The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis in dairy herds worldwide ranged between 25%~65% with no obvious symptoms, but it significantly causes a decrease in lactation and milk quality. Therefore, this study aims at exploring the effects of folic acid supplementation on the expression profile of lncRNAs, exploring the molecular mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate immunity in subclinical mastitic dairy cows. RESULTS The analysis identified a total of 4384 lncRNA transcripts. Subsequently, differentially expressed lncRNAs in the comparison of two groups (SF vs. SC, HF vs. HC) were identified to be 84 and 55 respectively. Furthermore, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the KEGG enrichment analysis result showed that folic acid supplementation affects inflammation and immune response-related pathways. The two groups have few pathways in common. One important lncRNA MSTRG.11108.1 and its target genes (ICAM1, CCL3, CCL4, etc.) were involved in immune-related pathways. Finally, through integrated analysis of lncRNAs with GWAS data and animal QTL database, we found that differential lncRNA and its target genes could be significantly enriched in SNPs and QTLs related to somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis, such as MSTRG.11108.1 and its target gene ICAM1, CXCL3, GRO1. CONCLUSIONS For subclinical mastitic cows, folic acid supplementation can significantly affect the expression of immune-related pathway genes such as ICAM1 by regulating lncRNAs MSTRG.11108.1, thereby affecting related immune phenotypes. Our findings laid a ground foundation for theoretical and practical application for feeding folic acid supplementation in subclinical mastitic cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siyuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Serafino M A Augustino
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, P. O. Box 82, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang B, Sun H, Wang D, Liu H, Liu J. Constraints on the utilization of cereal straw in lactating dairy cows: A review from the perspective of systems biology. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:240-248. [PMID: 35600542 PMCID: PMC9097690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Dietary supplementation with N-carbamoylglutamate initiated from the prepartum stage improves lactation performance of postpartum dairy cows. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:232-238. [PMID: 33997352 PMCID: PMC8110860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementing N-carbamoylglutamate (NCG), an Arg enhancer, on amino acid (AA) supply and utilization and productive performance of early-lactating dairy cows. Thirty multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows were randomly divided into control (CON, n = 15) and NCG (CON diet supplemented with NCG at 20 g/d per cow, n = 15) groups at 4 wk before calving. Diets were offered individually in tie-stalls, and NCG was supplemented by top-dress feeding onto total mixed ration for the NCG group. The experiment lasted until wk 10 after calving. Dry matter intake tended to be higher (P = 0.06), and yields of milk (P < 0.01), milk protein (P < 0.01), and milk fat (P < 0.01) were higher in the NCG-cows than in the CON-cows. Plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.03), and plasma level of β-hydroxybutyrate (P = 0.04) were lower in the NCG-cows than in the CON-cows, whereas plasma glucose (P = 0.05) and nitric oxide (NO, P < 0.01) concentrations were higher. Coccygeal vein concentrations of Cys (P < 0.01), Pro (P < 0.01), Tyr (P = 0.05), most essential AA except Thr and His (P < 0.01), total essential AA (P < 0.01), and total AA (P < 0.01) were higher in the NCG-cows than in the CON-cows. The arterial supply of all AA was greater in the NCG-cows than in the CON-cows. The NCG-cows had higher mammary plasma flow of AA (P = 0.04) and clearance rate of Cys (P < 0.01), Pro (P < 0.01) and Asp (P < 0.01), and higher ratios of uptake to output of Met (P = 0.05), Lys (P < 0.01), Cys (P = 0.01), Pro (P = 0.03), and Asp (P = 0.01). In summary, addition of NCG initiated from the prepartum period improved the lactation performance of postpartum dairy cows, which might attribute to greater Arg and NO concentrations, as well as improved AA supply and utilization, liver function, and feed intake in these cows.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Q, Zhao FQ, Ren Y, Han J, Liu J, Li Y, Liu H. Parenterally Delivered Methionyl-Methionine Dipeptide During Pregnancy Enhances Mammogenesis and Lactation Performance Over Free Methionine by Activating PI3K-AKT Signaling in Methionine-Deficient Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:1186-1195. [PMID: 32006013 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-induced hypoaminoacidemia, l-methionine (Met) included, disturbs embryogenesis and may also affect breast function. Supplementation with the dipeptide l-methionyl-Met (Met-Met) may improve lactation performance. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of supplemental Met or Met-Met during pregnancy on mammogenesis and lactogenesis and investigated underlying mechanisms. METHODS In experiment 1, 9-wk-old ICR mice (n = 72, ∼30 g) were divided into 3 groups. During the first 17 days of pregnancy (DP), the Control group was fed a diet with Met (8.2 g/kg) and saline was intraperitoneally injected, the Met group was fed a Met-devoid diet and 35% of the Met (92-mmo l Met) as contained in the Control diet was intraperitoneally injected, and the Met-Met group was fed the same diet and 70-mmo l Met plus 11-mmo l Met-Met was intraperitoneally injected. All animals were fed the Control diet after DP17 and during lactation. Mammogenesis, lactogenesis, transcriptome at DP17, and milk performance during lactation were examined. In experiment 2, 9-wk-old ICR mice (n = 55, ∼30 g) at DP0 were injected through the teat with adeno-associated virus for overexpression/inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (Pik3r1), divided into the Control, Met, and Met-Met groups and received the same treatment as experiment 1 to examine mammogenesis and lactogenesis at DP17. RESULTS In experiment 1, compared with the Met group, the Met-Met group showed higher (P < 0.05) mammary epithelium percentage (42%) and αS1-casein expression (84%) at DP17, milk yield (34%) and energy concentrations (8.7%) during lactation; transcriptomic analysis illustrated activated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in the mammary glands of the Met-Met group (P-adj < 0.001). In experiment 2, overexpression of Pik3r1 enhanced (P < 0.05) the protective effect of Met-Met over Met on mammogenesis and β-casein expression. CONCLUSION Met-Met is more effective than Met in promoting mammogenesis and lactogenesis mainly by activation of PI3K-AKT signaling in Met-deficient mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yifei Ren
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jialiang Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Obstetrical Department, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu FF, Wang DM, Yang DT, Liu JX, Ren DX. Short communication: Effects of dietary N-carbamoylglutamate supplementation on the milk amino acid profile and mozzarella cheese quality in mid-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4935-4940. [PMID: 32307176 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-Carbamoylglutamate (NCG) is an enhancer of Arg, which is a functional AA and could prevent cardiovascular disease and improve immunity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing NCG in diets of lactating cattle on the NCG concentration and AA composition of raw milk and on mozzarella cheese quality. Thirty multiparous cows with a mean body weight of 669 kg (standard deviation = 71) and days in milk of 176 (standard deviation = 55) were blocked based on parity and milk production and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet (CON) and basal diet supplemented with 40 g of NCG per day per cow (NCG). After 8 wk of treatment, raw milk samples were collected from the 2 groups for AA analysis and mozzarella cheese-making. Furthermore, the NCG concentration and distribution in milk and mozzarella cheese were detected. The AA concentration in milk was greater and the NCG concentration in raw milk was approximately 6 times greater in the NCG group than in the CON group. No NCG was detected in cheese from the CON group, and very little NCG (<1.0 μg/kg) of cheese was detected in the NCG group. Most of the dietary NCG was transferred into whey, stretch water, and brine during cheese production. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups on cheese texture and color except that hardness was lower in the NCG group. Overall, the results indicated that dietary supplementation of NCG could improve the NCG and AA concentrations in raw milk without affecting the quality of cheeses such as mozzarella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F F Gu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - D M Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - D T Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - D X Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang B, Yu Z, Liu J. Assessing metabolic properties of dairy cows fed low quality straws by integrative arterial and venous metabolomics. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1770-1778. [PMID: 32054160 PMCID: PMC7649076 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to reveal potential metabolic differences of dairy cows fed corn stover (CS) and rice straw (RS) instead of alfalfa hay (AH) as main forage source. METHODS Thirty multiparous mid-late lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected and randomly assigned to three diets, AH, CS, or RS (n = 10). After 13 weeks of the feeding trial, coccygeal arterial and superficial epigastric venous plasma samples were collected before morning feeding for gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry analyses. RESULTS In the artery, 8 and 13 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. The relative abundance of phenylpropanoate (log2fold change [FC]) = 1.30, 1.09), panthenol (log2FC = 2.36, 2.20), threitol (log2FC = 1.00, 1.07), and 3,7,12-trihydroxycoprostane (log2FC = 0.79, 0.78) were greater in both CS and RS than in AH, and tyrosine (log2FC = -0.32), phenylalanine (log2FC = -0.30), and pyruvic acid (log2FC = -0.30) were lower in RS than in AH. In the vein, 1 and 7 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. By comparing AH and RS, we found that metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were enriched by integrative artery and vein analysis. Furthermore, AH and RS, arterial phenylpropanoate and 4-hydroxyproline were positively, and phenylalanine was negatively correlated with milk urea nitrogen. Finally, in AH and CS, arterial panthenol was negatively correlated with feed efficiency. CONCLUSION Arterial metabolic profiles changed more than those in the veins from animals on three forage diets, differing in amino acids. We found that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were restricted when cows were fed low-quality cereal straw diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang SL, Wei ZH, Wu JJ, Dong XL, Liu JX, Wang DM. Effect of N-acetyl-l-methionine supplementation on lactation performance and plasma variables in mid-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5182-5190. [PMID: 30904299 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of N-acetyl-l-methionine (NALM) supplementation on lactation performance and plasma variables in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous cows were blocked into 12 groups based on parity, days in milk, and milk production and were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 treatments: 0, 15, 30, or 60 g/d of NALM per cow to supplement the basal diet. The experiment was conducted over a 13-wk period, with the first week as adaptation. The yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, and milk lactose were increased quadratically, and energy-corrected milk yield tended to increase with increased NALM supplementation in a quadratic manner. The dry matter intake, milk protein yield, milk fat yield, contents of milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, total solids, and milk urea nitrogen), feed efficiency, and body weight change were not affected by NALM supplementation. In addition, plasma methionine concentration was increased quadratically, and proline, total nonessential AA, and total AA concentrations were significantly higher in the 30 g/d group compared with that of the control group. However, other AA and total essential AA concentrations were not affected with supplementation of NALM. Adding NALM increased concentrations of total protein and globulin in plasma, but decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentration in a quadratic manner. Meanwhile, plasma malonaldehyde concentration decreased linearly as doses of NALM addition increased. Our results suggested that the supplementation of NALM improved milk yield and protein synthesis in the liver, and lowered lipid peroxidation in mid-lactating dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Liang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Z H Wei
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - J J Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - X L Dong
- CJ International Trading Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - D M Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu F, Liang S, Wei Z, Wang C, Liu H, Liu J, Wang D. Short communication: Effects of dietary addition of N-carbamoylglutamate on milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10985-10990. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Cai J, Zhao FQ, Liu JX, Wang DM. Local Mammary Glucose Supply Regulates Availability and Intracellular Metabolic Pathways of Glucose in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Dairy Goats Under Malnutrition of Energy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1467. [PMID: 30405429 PMCID: PMC6206160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As glucose is the regulator of both the milk yield and mammary oxidative status, glucose supply is considered to play important nutritional and physiological role on mammary gland (MG) metabolism. However, inconsistent results were observed from different infusion methods to evaluate the effect of glucose on MG glucose metabolism. Thus, precise method should be developed to learn how availability and intracellular metabolic pathways of glucose in the MG are altered by the direct mammary glucose supply. In addition, limited information is available on the role of mammary glucose supply in milk synthesis in lactating ruminants under an energy-deficient diet. Direct glucose supply to the MG was implemented in the current study through the external pudendal artery infusion under an energy-deficient diet. Six doses of glucose (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/d) were infused through the external pudendal arteries, which is the main artery to the MG, to six lactating goats fed with basal diet meeting 81% energy requirement in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Milk and lactose yields were both quadratically increased with increased glucose infusion, whereas the milk yield changed inconsistently with the increased energy balance (EB), indicating local glucose supply, rather than EB, improved milk production. Glucose fluxes in the MG were significantly increased and correlated with mammary plasma flow. However, the ratio of lactose yield to glucose absorbed by the MG was significantly decreased. The increased glucose fluxes in the MG and changed glucose-related metabolites in milk indicated that the glucose availability and intracellular metabolic pathways was regulated by local mammary glucose. Acute glycolysis consumed the superfluous glucose and induced accumulation of oxygen radicals in the MG during over-supplied glucose conditions. The present study provided insight to optimal glucose supply to the MG during the lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di-Ming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dai W, Wang Q, Zhao F, Liu J, Liu H. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of milk production using integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses: improving inefficient utilization of crop by-products as forage in dairy industry. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:403. [PMID: 29843597 PMCID: PMC5975684 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk is an important nutrient source for humans. Forage plays a vital role in dairy husbandry via affecting milk quality and quantity. However, the differences in mammary metabolism of dairy cows fed different forages remain elucidated. In this study, we utilized transcriptomic RNA-seq and iTRAQ proteomic techniques to investigate and integrate the differences of molecular pathways and biological processes in the mammary tissues collected from 12 lactating cows fed corn stover (CS, low-quality, n = 6) and alfalfa hay (AH, high-quality, n = 6). RESULTS A total of 1631 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 1046 up-regulated and 585 down-regulated) and 346 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; 138 increased and 208 decreased) were detected in the mammary glands between the CS- and AH-fed animals. Expression patterns of 33 DEPs (18 increased and 15 decreased) were consistent with the expression of their mRNAs. Compared with the mammary gland of AH-fed cows, the marked expression changes found in the mammary gland of CS group were for genes involved in reduced mammary growth/development (COL4A2, MAPK3, IKBKB, LGALS3), less oxidative phosphorylation (ATPsynGL, ATP6VOA1, ATP5H, ATP6VOD1, NDUFC1), enhanced lipid uptake/metabolism (SLC27A6, FABP4, SOD2, ACADM, ACAT1, IDH1, SCP2, ECHDC1), more active fatty acid beta-oxidation (HMGCS1), less amino acid/protein transport (SLC38A2, SLC7A8, RAB5a, VPS18), reduced protein translation (RPS6, RPS12, RPS16, RPS19, RPS20, RPS27), more proteasome- (PSMC2, PSMC6, PSMD14, PSMA2, PSMA3) and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation (UBE2B, UBE2H, KLHL9, HSPH1, DNAJA1 and CACYBP), and more protein disassembly-related enzymes (SEC63, DNAJC3, DNAJB1, DNAJB11 and DNAJC12). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the lower milk production in the CS-fed dairy cows compared with the AH-fed cows was associated with a network of mammary gene expression changes, importantly, the prime factors include decreased energy metabolism, attenuated protein synthesis, enhanced protein degradation, and the lower mammary cell growth. The present study provides insights into the effects of the varying quality of forages on mammary metabolisms, which can help the improvement of strategies in feeding dairy cows with CS-based diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjuan Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang B, Sun H, Wu X, Jiang L, Guan LL, Liu J. Arteriovenous blood metabolomics: An efficient method to determine the key metabolic pathway for milk synthesis in the intra-mammary gland. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5598. [PMID: 29618747 PMCID: PMC5884783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify metabolic signature changes of the arteriovenous metabolome and the new metabolites that involved in mammary biological process during milk synthesis. GC/MS-based metabolomics profiling of arteriovenous plasma from 30 lactating dairy cows fed three diets identified a total of 144 metabolites. Phenylalanine and tyrosine, involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism, were shown higher expression in the artery than in the vein based on both GC/MS and targeted analysis for cows fed both alfalfa hay diet and rice straw diet. Mammary uptake or clearance of citric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, fructose, β-mannosylglycerate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, and D-talose were significantly correlated with milk performance or feed intake, indicating that these metabolites might be newly identified precursors or indicators of milk synthesis. This comprehensive assessment of metabolic changes in the arteriovenous metabolome will provide a fundamental understanding of the key metabolites involved in milk synthesis and shows implications of how metabolites from arteriovenous plasma across MG are involved in biological processes or physiological functions for milk synthesis. The newly identified metabolites from the present study provide potential new targeted insights into the study of physiological process for milk synthesis in the MG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences; MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Huizeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences; MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuehui Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences; MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences; MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cai J, Wang D, Liu J. Regulation of fluid flow through the mammary gland of dairy cows and its effect on milk production: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1261-1270. [PMID: 28758674 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dairy milk consists of more than 85% water. Therefore, understanding the regulation of fluid absorption in the mammary gland is relevant to improving milk production. In recent decades, studies using different approaches, including blood flow, transmembrane fluid flow, tight junction, fluid flow of the paracellular pathway and functional mammary epithelial cell state, have been conducted aiming to investigate how mammary gland fluid absorption is regulated. However, the relationship between regulation mechanisms of fluid flow and milk production has not been studied systematically. The present review summarizes a series of key milk yield regulatory factors mediated by whole-mammary fluid flow, including milk, mammary blood flow, blood/tissue fluid-cell fluid flow and cell-alveolus fluid flow. Whole-mammary fluid flow regulates milk production by altering transporter activity, ion channels, local microcirculation-related factors, driving force of fluid transport (osmotic pressure or electrochemical gradient), cellular connection state and a cell volume sensitive mechanism. In addition, whole-mammary fluid flow plays important roles in milk synthesis and secretion. Knowledge gained from fluid flow-mediated regulatory mechanisms of the dairy mammary gland will lead to a fundamental understanding of lactation biology and will be beneficial for the improvement of dairy productivity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He Y, Qiu Q, Shao T, Niu W, Xia C, Wang H, Li Q, Gao Z, Yu Z, Su H, Cao B. Dietary Alfalfa and Calcium Salts of Long-Chain Fatty Acids Alter Protein Utilization, Microbial Populations, and Plasma Fatty Acid Profile in Holstein Freemartin Heifers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10859-10867. [PMID: 29179547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presented the effects of alfalfa and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CSFA) on feed intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial community, plasma biochemical parameters, and fatty acid profile in Holstein freemartin heifers. Eight Holstein freemartin heifers were randomly divided into a 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment with 2 × 2 factorial diets, with or without alfalfa or CSFA. Dietary supplementation of CSFA significantly increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and significantly reduced N retention (P < 0.05). CSFA increased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the ruminal fluid (P < 0.05), but alfalfa increased the concentration of valerate and isovalerate (P < 0.05). CSFA increased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the relative population of Streptococcus bovis in the rumen (P < 0.05) and inhibited the relative population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, methanogens, and protozoa (P < 0.05). Alfalfa instead of Leymus chinensis increased the relative population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminobacter amylophilus in the rumen (P < 0.05) and reduced the relative population of the Ruminococcus albus and Megasphaera elsdenii (P < 0.05). Supplemental CSFA increased the concentration of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the plasma (P < 0.05). And it also altered the composition of fatty acids in the plasma, which was expressed in reducing saturated fatty acid (ΣSFA) ratio and C14-C17 fatty acids proportion except C16:0 (P < 0.05) and increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΣPUFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (ΣUFA) (P < 0.05). The results showed that alfalfa and CSFA had interaction effect on the apparent digestibility of ether extracts, plasma triglyceride concentration, isobutyrate concentration, and Ruminococcus albus relative abundance in the rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa substituting Leymus chinensis did not change the apparent digestibility of nutrients in the final stage of fattening Holstein freemartin heifers, while CSFA increased the cholesterol and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma. Alfalfa and CSFA had mutual interaction effect on fat digestion and plasma triglycerides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Taoqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhibiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhantao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang B, Tu Y, Zhao S, Hao Y, Liu J, Liu F, Xiong B, Jiang L. Effect of tea saponins on milk performance, milk fatty acids, and immune function in dairy cow. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8043-8052. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Wang B, Tu Y, Jiang LS, Liu JX. Effect of cereal straw and alfalfa hay diet on amino acid profile of gastrointestinal digesta in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:421-428. [PMID: 28608533 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing alfalfa hay with rice straw (RS) or corn stover (CS) on amino acid (AA) profiles of gastrointestinal digesta in lactating cows. Eighteen lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 6) and fed identical concentrate and corn silage with different forages on dry matter basis: (i) 23% alfalfa hay and 7% Chinese wild rye hay (AH); (ii) 30% CS; and (iii) 30% RS. After the 14-week feeding, a total of 18 cows were slaughtered to collect digesta from four representative organs, including rumen, omasum, duodenum and jejunum. The AA profiles of ruminal microbial fraction were similar among the treatments, except for greater Arg in cows fed RS than in cows fed AH or CS. Most of the analysed AA changed under different diets. Significant differences were found among the microbial fraction, rumen fluid and rumen digesta, with greater essential AA in digesta than in microbial fraction or rumen fluid and greater essential AA in microbial fraction than rumen fluid. Significant differences in individual AA profiles of digesta and relevant fluid were found across the four representative digestive tract parts, including rumen, omasum, duodenum and jejunum, showing much lower Leu proportion in CS and RS than in AH in duodenal fluid. In summary, ruminal microbes may prefer using essential AA, rather than non-essential AA. The AA profile of ruminal microbes was constant except for Arg. The AA composition of digesta across the four digestive tracts changed dramatically, which indicated differences in the ability and efficiency of AA absorption. The lower duodenum absorbable Leu proportion in cows fed CS or RS indicated the shortage of Leu in CS or RS diets, which might also restrict the balanced AA absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Tu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L S Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - J X Liu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang B, Zhao FQ, Zhang BX, Liu JX. An insufficient glucose supply causes reduced lactose synthesis in lactating dairy cows fed rice straw instead of alfalfa hay1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4771-4780. [PMID: 27898934 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - F.-Q. Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, 211 Terrill Building, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05505
| | - B.-X. Zhang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - J.-X. Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|