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Li Y, Gao J, Xue Y, Sun R, Sun X, Sun Z, Liu S, Tan Z, Zhu W, Cheng Y. Nutrient availability of roughages in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets alters the bacterial networks in the whole gastrointestinal tract of Hu sheep. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:70. [PMID: 36922757 PMCID: PMC10015938 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutrient availability of roughages could affect the dietary utilization efficiency of ruminants even in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Here, we analyzed the bacterial composition and their metabolic pathways in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of Hu sheep fed with wheat straw (WS) instead of alfalfa (AL) in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets, trying to explore the reasons from the perspective of GITs bacterial network structure changes. RESULTS We employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing in combination with the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and other statistical methods to describe the microbiota composition in the GITs of Hu sheep. The results showed after the roughage was replaced from AL to WS, the most positive response occurred in the rumen microbiota, resulting in a more obvious microbiological and functional redundancy phenomenon. Whereas extended biogeographic studies of the GITs bacterial community found opposite results for the hindgut microbiota and metabolism networks compared to the forestomach. The abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria such as Prevotella, Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group, and Treponema was significantly increased in GITs, but low-efficiency crude fiber degradation inhibited energy use efficiency, the pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, and volatile acid synthesis. In addition, dietary shifting from AL to WS decreased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group and Alistipes, thereby enhancing the underlying inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that feeding untreated WS affected the structure and function of the bacterial network in the GITs due to limited total digestible nutrients, and in particular increases the complexity of the rumen bacterial network, and limit the abundance of bacteria involved in the crude fiber degradation in the hindgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihan Xue
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruolin Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhanying Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Suozhu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Zhankun Tan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Physicochemical characterisation of barley straw treated with sodium hydroxide or urea and its digestibility and in vitro fermentability in ruminants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20530. [PMID: 36446835 PMCID: PMC9708690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of strategies to overcome the shortage of forage due to persistently low rainfall is becoming a central task for animal nutrition in research and practice. In this study, it was investigated how the treatment of straw with NaOH or feed urea in a practicable procedure for modern farms affects rumen fermentation (gas production and greenhouse gas concentration) as well as the digestibility of feed energy and nutrients. For this purpose, the treatments were tested individually and in different proportions in a total mixed ration (TMR) in ruminal batch cultures in vitro and in a digestibility trial with sheep. In order to explain the observed effects at the molecular level, descriptive data from 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were obtained. NaOH treatment of straw increased crude ash (CA), non-fibrous carbohydrates, digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) concentration, whereas the proportion of neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom) and hemicellulose decreased. In urea treated straw, NH3-N and crude protein increased, whereas acid detergent lignin (ADL), DE, and ME decreased. The physically effective fibre (peNDF8) concentration increased in TMR containing 18% of NaOH or urea treated straw (p < 0.01). The application of straw treatments as pure substrates (not as part of a TMR) increased gas production and decelerated ruminal fermentation (p < 0.05). In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of the straw (0.31) increased after NaOH (0.51; p < 0.05) and urea treatment (0.41; p > 0.05). As part of a TMR, straw treatments had no distinct effect on gas production or IVOMD. Concentrations of CH4 and CO2 were likewise not affected. Apparent total tract digestibility of aNDFom, acid detergent fibre (ADFom), hemicellulose, and cellulose increased in the TMR by approximately 10% points following NaOH treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of urea treated straw did not affect apparent digestibility. Calculated true digestibility of aNDFom was 0.68, 0.74, and 0.79, of ADFom 0.58, 0.57, and 0.65, and of ADL 0.02, 0.13, and 0.08 in TMR including untreated, NaOH treated, and urea treated straw, respectively. 13C NMR and FTIR analyses consistently revealed that the global structure and crystallinity of the carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) was not altered by treatment and the concentration of lignin was likewise not affected. Depolymerisation of lignin did not occur. However, NMR signals assigned to acetyl groups were significantly altered indicating that straw treatments disrupted linkages between hemicelluloses and lignin. Moreover, the acetates signal was affected. This signal can be assigned to linkages between ferulic acids and hemicelluloses (arabinoxylans). FTIR spectra of straw treatments mainly differed at a wavelength of 1730 cm-1 and 1240 cm-1. Disappearance of the 1730 cm-1 peak suggests removal of hemicelluloses or lignin related compounds by treatment. The disappearance of the lignin peak at 1240 cm-1 could be due to conjugated ketone (phenyl-carbonyl) removal or the removal of ferulic and p-coumaric acid acetyl groups. Both treatments are supposed to release fermentable cell wall components (hemicelluloses) from lignin-associated bonds and as a result, straw fibre can be better fermented in the rumen. This contributes to energy supply and increased fibre digestibility at least in the TMR that contained NaOH treated straw. The alkaline straw treatments probably induced a release of phenolics such as ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, which can be metabolised in the gut and the liver and metabolites might be excreted with the urine. This could notably contribute to metabolic energy losses.
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Wang B, Sun H, Wang D, Liu H, Liu J. Constraints on the utilization of cereal straw in lactating dairy cows: A review from the perspective of systems biology. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:240-248. [PMID: 35600542 PMCID: PMC9097690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Guo T, Dai L, Yan B, Lan G, Li F, Li F, Pan F, Wang F. Measurements of Chemical Compositions in Corn Stover and Wheat Straw by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113328. [PMID: 34828060 PMCID: PMC8614424 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rapid and non-destructive methods play an important role in assessing forage quality. This study is aimed at establishing a calibration model that predicts the moisture, CP, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose of corn stover and wheat straw by NIRS. In addition, we also intended to compared the predictive accuracy of combined calibration models to the individual models of chemical compositions for corn stover and wheat straw by NIRS. We show that accurately combining calibrated models would be useful for a broad range of end users. Furthermore, the accuracy of the calibration models was improved by increasing the sample numbers (the range of variability) of different straw species. Abstract Rapid, non-destructive methods for determining the biochemical composition of straw are crucial in ruminant diets. In this work, ground samples of corn stover (n = 156) and wheat straw (n = 135) were scanned using near-infrared spectroscopy (instrument NIRS DS2500). Samples were divided into two sets, with one set used for calibration (corn stover, n = 126; wheat straw, n = 108) and the remaining set used for validation (corn stover, n = 30; wheat straw, n = 27). Calibration models were developed utilizing modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression with internal cross validation. Concentrations of moisture, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were successfully predicted in corn stover, and CP and moisture were in wheat straw, but other nutritional components were not predicted accurately when using single-crop samples. All samples were then combined to form new calibration (n = 233) and validation (n = 58) sets comprised of both corn stover and wheat straw. For these combined samples, the CP, NDF, and ADF were predicted successfully; the coefficients of determination for calibration (RSQC) were 0.9625, 0.8349, and 0.8745, with ratios of prediction to deviation (RPD) of 6.872, 2.210, and 2.751, respectively. The acid detergent lignin (ADL) and moisture were classified as moderately useful, with RSQC values of 0.7939 (RPD = 2.259) and 0.8342 (RPD = 1.868), respectively. Although the prediction of hemicellulose was only useful for screening purposes (RSQC = 0.4388, RPD = 1.085), it was concluded that NIRS is a suitable technique to rapidly evaluate the nutritional value of forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pastoral Agricultural Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (T.G.); (L.D.); (B.Y.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Luming Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pastoral Agricultural Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (T.G.); (L.D.); (B.Y.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Baipeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pastoral Agricultural Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (T.G.); (L.D.); (B.Y.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Guisheng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pastoral Agricultural Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (T.G.); (L.D.); (B.Y.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pastoral Agricultural Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (T.G.); (L.D.); (B.Y.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pastoral Agricultural Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (T.G.); (L.D.); (B.Y.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Faming Pan
- Institute of Animal & Pasture Science and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Fangbin Wang
- Gansu Province Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Master Station, Lanzhou 730030, China;
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Comparison of Ruminal Degradability, Indigestible Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Total-Tract Digestibility of Three Main Crop Straws with Alfalfa Hay and Corn Silage. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113218. [PMID: 34827950 PMCID: PMC8614524 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corn straw (Zea mays, CS), rice straw (Oryza sativa, RS), and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS) are the three main crop straws worldwide. Few studies on indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and total-tract digestibility (TTD) of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of these crop straws are available, which limits their utilization in dairy diets. Here, we compared the ruminal degradability, iNDF288 content, intestinal digestibility, and TTD for the CP, NDF, and ADF of these three crop straws with alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa, AH) and corn silage (Zea mays, CSil). The results showed that CS, RS, and WS had higher ruminal potential NDF degradation, intestinal digestible CP, and lower iNDF288 content compared to AH. Greater accuracies for regression equations capable of predicting the iNDF288 content and TTD were also generated based on chemical composition and ruminal degradation kinetics. Incorporating this information into rations could improve our ability to optimize the utilization of main crop straws in balanced dairy diets. Abstract Three main crop straws including corn straw (Zea mays, CS), rice straw (Oryza sativa, RS), and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS), and two forages including alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa, AH) and corn silage (Zea mays, CSil) were analyzed in order to compare their ruminal degradability, indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), intestinal digestibility (ID), and their total-tract digestibility (TTD) of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) using both an in situ nylon bag technique and a mobile nylon bag technique. The forage samples were incubated in the rumen for 6, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 288 h, respectively, to determine their ruminal degradability. Prior to intestinal incubation, forage samples were incubated in the rumen for 12 h and 24 h to determine the ruminal degradable content of CP, NDF, and ADF, respectively, and for 288 h to determine their iNDF288 content. Residues from the ruminal undegradable fractions (12 h for CP, 24 h for NDF and ADF) were subsequently inserted into the duodenum through a cannula to determine their intestinal digestible content. Here, the TTD of CP, NDF, and ADF were determined as the ruminal degradable content + intestinal digestible content. The results showed that AH had the highest iNDF2.4 (calculated as acid detergent lignin content × 2.4) and iNDF288 values (379.42 and 473.40 g/kg of NDF), while CS and CSil had the lowest iNDF2.4 values (177.44 and 179.43 g/kg of NDF). The ruminal degradability of CP, NDF, and ADF for CS, RS, and WS were lower than those of AH and Csil during the first 48 h of incubation. The potential degradation fraction of CP, NDF, and ADF for CSil was the highest; CS, RS, and WS were intermediate; and AH was the lowest (p < 0.05). CS, RS, and WS had a lower intestinal digestibility with respect to their rumen undegradable content of NDF (p < 0.05), and lower TTD of CP, NDF, and ADF (p < 0.05) compared to AH and CSil. General regression equations with satisfactory accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.828) were derived to predict iNDF288 and TTD based on their chemical compositions and the ruminal degradation kinetics of different forages. Incorporating this information into rations could improve our ability to optimize main crop straws utilization and milk production.
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Kale-Mosalmani AS, Ghasemi E, Khorvash M. Feeding low-quality date leaves as a substitute to conventional forages in dairy cows diet: effects on digestibility, feeding behavior, milk yield, and feed efficiency. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:251. [PMID: 33825989 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the possibility of integrating date leaves (DL) as a partial or complete substitute for conventional forage fibre sources into the diet of dairy cows. Nine Holstein cows were assigned to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design, and offered 1 of the 3 diets containing no DL (DL-0), or finely chopped DL partially (50%, DL-50) or completely (100%, DL-100) substituted for lucerne hay and maize silage. The replacement of the forages by DL was established such that the forage NDF (24.5%) was similar across diet despite the decreased forage: concentrate ratio from 0.45:0.55 to 0.33:0.67. Diets were similar in concentration of crude protein and starch, while the indigestible forage NDF (iNDF) increased from 7.2 to 15.4% of DM. Results showed that increasing DL inclusion linearly decreased nutrient intake and digestibility. Moreover, a trend toward a linear decrease in milk yield and percentage of milk protein and lactose were observed with increasing DL proportion in the diet. However, ruminal volatile fatty acids concentration, milk fat content, and feed efficiency were similar across the treatments. A quadratic trend was observed for eating and ruminating time by feeding DL, with the highest values found for cows fed DL-50. Replacing forages with finely chopped DL was effective to meet the fibre requirement, but reduced feed intake and milk yield possibly because of increased forage iNDF. However, conventional forages can be partially replaced with DL in the diet, particularly under forage shortage, because of maintained gross milk yield efficiency and reduced feed cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Sadeghi Kale-Mosalmani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khorvash
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
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RIASI MITRA, EBRAHIMI SEYEDHADI, JAVADMANESH ALI. Virtual water requirement of cow milk production under two different dietary strategies. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i8.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nutritionists have liberty to choose various feeds for formulating a balanced ration depending upon the nutritive value, availability and feed cost. Although final target in an alternative ration is to obtain similar energy, protein and other nutrients, it would be favourable to consider virtual water (VW) requirement which must be spent while making a balanced ration. This paper compared two isonitrogenous and isocaloric balanced dairy cow rations for their VW requirements. VW in the maize silage-based ration was greater than that of alfalfa and wheat straw-based diet (39.73 versus 34.45 m3). It was also found that by-product feeds such as molasses, beet sugar pulp, corn gluten, and soybean meal require a lesser amount of VW, thus, they could be the best candidates to be used as much as conventional main feeds in the ration of dairy cattle for decreasing VW requirement of milk. Using feeds with less water utilization could reduce water requirement for milk production up to 12%.
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Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL. Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:2530-2537. [PMID: 31873721 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Enhancing the utilization of human-inedible crop by-products by ruminants to produce high-quality milk for human consumption is an emerging global task. We performed a multi-omics-based study to decipher the regulatory biological processes of milk production when cows fed low-quality crop by-products with the aim to improve their utilization. RESULTS Seven types of different high-throughput omics data were generated across three central organs [rumen, liver and mammary gland (MG)] and biofluids (rumen fluid and blood) that involved in milk production. The integrated multi-omics analysis including metabolomics, metagenomics and transcriptomics showed altered microbiome at compositional and functional levels, microbial metabolites in the rumen, down-regulated genes and associated functions in liver and MG. These changes simultaneously contributed to down-regulated three key metabolic nodes (propionate, glucose and amino acid) across these organs and biofluids that led to lowered milk yield and quality when cows consumed corn stover (CS). Hippuric acid was identified as a biomarker that led to low milk production in CS-fed cows, suggesting a future evaluation parameter related to the metabolic mechanism of low-quality forage utilization. This study unveils the milk production-related biological mechanism across different biofluids and tissues under a low-quality forage diet, which provides a novel understanding and potential improvement strategies for future crop by-products utilization and sustainable ruminant production. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The raw files of metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics data can be accessed at NCBI SRA (No. SRR5028206), EMBI-EBI (No. MTBLS411), and GEO (NO. GSE78524) databases respectively. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.,Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Wu CS, Wu DY, Wang SS, Chan LP, Liang CH. Modulation of polylactic acid nanofiber containing corn stalk waste via electrospinning: fabrication, characterization, and cytocompatibility. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1785461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-San Wu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dung-Yi Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shan-Shue Wang
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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P C de Carvalho I, Doelman J, Martín-Tereso J. Post-ruminal non-protein nitrogen supplementation as a strategy to improve fibre digestion and N efficiency in the ruminant. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:64-75. [PMID: 31674078 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ruminant is able to transform plant fibres and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) into edible foods for human consumption. In an effort towards improving our understanding of this process, we sought to challenge convention and examine how the source, amount and site of NPN delivery in the gastrointestinal tract of the ruminant may affect fibre digestibility, rumen stability and N metabolism. In the first study presented here, we used four ruminally cannulated non-lactating heifers in a Latin square design to infuse 59 g/days of N in the form of ammonia (A) or urea (U) into either the rumen (R) or the abomasum (A). We found that intake was higher (p = .03) for animals receiving supplementary NPN as urea compared with ammonia. In addition, abomasally infused urea (UA) improved fibre fermentation by 9.4% (p = .05) and decreased ruminal pH fluctuations (lower slope in the cumulative pH parameters, p = .04) when compared with the same amount of urea infused ruminally (UR). In a second study, using the same group of heifers, we infused 50 or 150 g/day of urea into the rumen (UR50 and UR150) or 150 g of urea in the abomasum (UA150) or 50 g in the rumen and 100 g in the abomasum (URA150). Fibre digestion was improved by 4% (p = .02) when the same dose of urea was infused into the abomasum compared with the rumen, while estimated microbial protein production and N efficiency were not different between a low rumen dose and high post-ruminal dose of urea. Collectively, these studies provide insight into the viability of post-ruminal NPN supplementation as a strategy to improve fibre digestion and NPN inclusion in the ruminant diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Doelman
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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Zhang H, Ao C, Khas‐Erdene, Dan N. Effects of isonitrogenous and isocaloric total mixed ration composed of forages with different quality on milk fatty acid composition and gene expression of mammary lipogenic enzymes in mid‐lactating dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:214-221. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyInner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tong Liao Inner Mongolia P. R. China
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Changjin Ao
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Khas‐Erdene
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Ni Dan
- College of Life ScienceInner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tong Liao Inner Mongolia P. R. China
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Coon R, Duffield T, DeVries T. Effect of straw particle size on the behavior, health, and production of early-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6375-6387. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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