Effectiveness of calcium oxide and autoclaving for the detoxification of castor seed meal in finishing diets for lambs

The inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal in sugarcane silage increases the carcass weight and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in lamb meat

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and meat quality of lambs fed sugarcane silage containing increasing levels of detoxified castor bean meal (DCBM). Twenty-four Santa Inês male sheep were used, with initial body weight of 25.34 ± 2.57 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 70, 140, and 210 g/kg of DCBM in the sugarcane silage). Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were positively influenced (P < 0.05) by the levels of DCBM. There was a linear increase (P < 0.05) on the intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber with the inclusion of DCBM. The daily and total gains showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of DCBM, with a maximum point of 241.64 g/d and 18.12 kg at the level of 161.9 g/kg of DCBM. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) on the hot carcass with the inclusion of DCBM. The inclusion of DCBM did not influence (P > 0.05) the levels of total lipids (2.1%) in lamb meat, but the levels of oleic acid (C18:1 n-6c) and total monounsaturated fatty acids presented a quadratic effect (P < 0.05). It is recommended to include 160 g/kg of detoxified castor bean meal in sugarcane silage.

Destoxificação e perfil nutricional da torta de mamona destoxificada por diferentes soluções alcalinas

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a destoxificação da torta de mamona bruta (TMB), por meio de dois produtos alcalinos em diferentes concentrações, e seus efeitos sobre a composição química, a degradabilidade in situ da MS e o fracionamento de proteínas. Utilizou-se o hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] e o hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) em duas concentrações (60 e 90 gramas), diluídos em quatro quantidades de água (1.000; 1.500; 2.000 e 2.500mL de água por quilo de TMB). Observou-se que, das diferentes concentrações utilizadas, somente a utilização de 90 e 60 gramas de Ca(OH)2 e NaOH, respectivamente, conseguiu destoxificar 100% da TMB, ambas diluídas em 2.000mL de água. Por outro lado, ao avaliar o tempo mínimo de contato dos reagentes com a TMB para uma máxima destoxificação, observou-se que três horas de contato é o tempo necessário para os reagentes diminuírem em 100% as proteínas citotóxicas, além de não deixar atividade hemaglutinante nesse material. A destoxificação com o NaOH proporcionou maior degradação das proteínas solúveis e da matéria seca, favorecendo a disponibilização do nitrogênio não proteico, estando sua aplicação em escala industrial na dependência de estudos sobre viabilidade operacional e econômica.

Intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, production, and composition of goat milk supplemented with detoxified castor bean meal added urea as a replacement of soybean meal

This study evaluated the castor bean meal detoxified with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] added urea replacing soybean meal in the diet of lactating goats from milk production and composition, intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior. Eight Alpine multiparous goats weighting 44.3 ± 5.3 kg and at approximately 60 days of lactation were confined and randomly distributed in 4 × 4 double Latin squares, with four inclusion levels of detoxified castor meal: control (0), 25, 50, and 75 g/kg dry matter (DM) total. Detoxified castor bean meal replacing soybean meal (P > 0.05) in goats diet did not affect intake and digestibility of DM, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients, times spent for eating, and efficiency ratios of rumination and eating. However, the times spent for rumination and idling showed a quadratic trend decrease (P < 0.01) from the level of 50.0-g/kg DM. The milk production, and the milk production correction showed a quadratic trend increase and feeding efficiency a quadratic decrease (P = 0.03) due inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal replacing soybean meal up to the level of 25.0 g/kg. The fat, protein, lactose, total solids, nonfat solids, and milk urea nitrogen content (g/day) presented a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) by detoxified castor meal inclusion. Detoxified castor bean meal added urea in the Alpine goats diet could be included up to the 25.0 g/kg level replacing soybean meal in the diet because improve milk production and composition and feeding efficiency of goats without negatively effect on intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior.