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Lind V, Sizmaz Ö, Demirtas A, Sudagidan M, Weldon S, Budai A, O'Toole A, Miladinovic DD, Jørgensen GM. Biochar effect on sheep feed intake, growth rate and ruminant in vitro and in vivo methane production. Animal 2024; 18:101195. [PMID: 38850574 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar, which is the product of biomass pyrolysis, has been suggested as a feed supplement to improve performance in livestock systems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the current study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo potential of biochar to favourably modify rumen fermentation (e.g., an increase in total Short Chained Fatty Acid (SCFA) concentration and a change in SCFA profile), reduce methane emission and increase sheep growth performance. Four concentrates were produced with biochar inclusion of 0, 10, 23 and 46 g/kg DM. The experimental diets for the in vitro experiments consisted of straw and concentrate in a 60:40 ratio and included measurements of total gas and methane (CH4) production, pH, ammonia nitrogen, SCFA, and microbial assays (total bacteria and methanogenic archaea). Two in vivo experiments were performed where the animals received ad libitum forage with 0.4 kg concentrate daily. Experiment 1 investigated the daily DM intake of sheep while experiment 2 investigated daily growth rate and CH4 emission of lambs. The inclusion of biochar had no impact on in vitro total gas production (ml/200 mg DM substrate) (P = 0.81) and CH4 production (ml/200 mg DM substrate) (P = 0.93). In vitro total SCFA concentration increased (P < 0.05) while acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) tended to decrease (P = 0.05) with both doses of biochar. Total bacteria decreased with the highest biochar inclusion in vitro (P < 0.05). Sheep's DM intake (kg/d) increased when low and medium levels but not when a higher level of biochar was added to the diet (P < 0.001). The inclusion of biochar did not significantly impact the lamb's daily growth rate (g/d) (P = 0.61) or enteric CH4 emissions (g/kg DM) (P = 0.43). We conclude that biochar supplementation had no favourable impacts on in vitro and in vivo CH4 production or on lamb's growth rate. Further research with well-characterised biochar is needed to gain a better understanding of the potential of biochar as a feed additive for ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lind
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway.
| | - Ö Sizmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Demirtas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
| | - M Sudagidan
- KIT-ARGEM R&D Center, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Meram 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - S Weldon
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - A Budai
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - A O'Toole
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - D D Miladinovic
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, 1430 Aas, Norway
| | - G M Jørgensen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 Aas, Norway
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Gul-Lalay, Ullah S, Shah S, Jamal A, Saeed MF, Mihoub A, Zia A, Ahmed I, Seleiman MF, Mancinelli R, Radicetti E. Combined Effect of Biochar and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizbacteria on Physiological Responses of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Subjected to Drought Stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s00344-023-11219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AbstractBiochar (BC) and plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPR) could represent a suitable agronomical strategy to mitigate the impacts of drought in arid agro-environmental conditions. However, there is currently little understanding of the synergistic benefit of combining BC and PGPR to increase drought tolerance in oilseeds. In this study, the physiological response of two water-stressed canola (Brassica napus L.) plants subjected to the application of BC obtained from waste wood of Morus alba applied solely or in combination with PGPR strains (Pseudomonas sp.) was evaluated. The experiment consists of two genotypes and nine treatments [(C-Control, T1-15 days drought (15DD), T2-30 days drought (30DD), T3-15 days of drought + PG (15DD + PG), T4-30 days of drought + PG (30DD + PG), T5-15 days drought + biochar (15DD + BC), T6-30 days drought + biochar (30DD + BC), T7-15 days drought + biochar + PG (15DD + BC + PG), T8-30 days drought + biochar + PG (30DD + BC + PG)]. Drought stress decreased emergence energy (EE), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio (LAR), root shoot ratio (RSR), moisture content of leaves (MCL), percent moisture content (%MC), moisture content of shoot (MCS) and moisture content of root (MCR), and relative water content (RWC) in both varieties of Brassica napus L., which in contrast, it is increased by the collective application of both biochar and PGPR. In both varieties, N, P, K, Mg, and Ca concentrations were highest in all the biochar and PGPRs separate and combined treatments, while lowest in 15 and 30 days drought treatments. Osmolyte contents like Glycine betaine (GB) and sugar remarkably increased in the stress condition and then reduced due to the synergistic application of biochar and PGPR. Drought stress has a repressive effect on the antioxidant enzymatic system like Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as total flavonoids, phenolics, and protein content. The antioxidant enzymes and phenolic compounds were dramatically increased by the combined action of biochar and PGPRs. A significant increase in EE, LAR, RSR, and RWC under 15 and 30 days drought conditions, evidently highlighting the synergistic effect of BC and PGPR. The results conclude a substantial and positive effect of the combined use of BC and PGPR strains on canola's response to induced drought stress, by regulating the physiological, biochemical, and agronomic traits of the plants.
Graphical Abstract
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Benchaar C, Hassanat F, Côrtes C. Assessment of the Effects of Commercial or Locally Engineered Biochars Produced from Different Biomass Sources and Differing in Their Physical and Chemical Properties on Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3280. [PMID: 37894004 PMCID: PMC10603727 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in using biochar as feed additives to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants has increased. It has been suggested that the mitigating potential of biochar is influenced by its physical (e.g., porosity-related) and chemical (e.g., redox-potential-related) properties. Thus, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of commercial or locally engineered biochars, produced from different biomass sources and differing in their physical and chemical characteristics, on rumen fermentation and CH4 production. For this purpose, a 24 h batch culture of ruminal fluid incubations was conducted in a complete randomized block design (repeated three times) that included a negative control (no additive), a positive control (monensin, 10 mg/mL), and four commercial and three locally engineered biochars, each evaluated at 1%, 2%, or 5% of the substrate's (i.e., the total mixed ration) dry matter. The evaluated biochars greatly differ in their chemical (i.e., moisture, ash, pH, redox potential, volatiles, carbon, fixed carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur) and physical (i.e., fine particles < 250 µm, bulk density, true density, porosity, electrical conductivity, specific surface area, and absorbed CO2) properties. Despite these differences and compared with the negative control, none of the biochars evaluated (regardless of the inclusion rate) influenced gas and CH4 production, volatile fatty acid characteristics (total concentration and profile), or ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations. As expected, monensin (i.e., the positive control) decreased (p < 0.05) CH4 production mainly because of a decreased (p < 0.05) acetate-to-propionate ratio. The results of this study reveal that despite the large differences in the physical and chemical properties of the biochars evaluated, their inclusion at different rates in vitro failed to modify rumen fermentation and decrease CH4 production. Based on these in vitro findings, it was concluded that biochar does not represent a viable strategy for mitigating enteric CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaouki Benchaar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Fadi Hassanat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec Research and Development Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 2J3, Canada;
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Dietary biochar as a feed additive for increasing livestock performance: A meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo experiment. CZECH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.17221/124/2022-cjas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Influence of Animal/Plant Activated Biochar Properties on Methane Production from Corn Stalk by Anaerobic Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated biochar (ABC) was prepared from typical plant/animal biochar (pig bone biochar/corn stalk biochar) by optimizing the gas production characteristics of anaerobic fermentation. The effects of the physical and chemical properties (specific surface area, surface functional group and conductivity) of ABC on the gas production characteristics of anaerobic fermentation were investigated. The results showed that the effect of pig-bone activated biochar (PABC) on anaerobic fermentation gas production characteristics was better than that of corn-stalk activated biochar (CABC). The peak period of gas production or methane production was up to 4 days earlier than that of the control group, and the cumulative methane production was up to 68% higher; this can shorten the fermentation period for up to 7 days, and the effect of stabilizing pH is better. In addition, the surface functional groups are not the dominant factors affecting the gas production characteristics, but the effects of conductivity and specific surface area cannot be neglected. For most experimental groups, when the specific surface area of PABC is more than 90 m2/g and the specific surface area of CABC is more than 100 m2/g. Methane production increases with the specific surface area increases and the controllable range of CBAC is relatively wider than that of PBAC. When the conductivity of CABC is more than 650 μS/cm and the conductivity of PABC is more than 1000 μS/cm, the conductivity has a positive correlation with methane production.
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Oyeyiola YB, Adeosun CI. Sustainability of ameliorative potentials of urea spiked poultry manure biochar types in simulated sodic soils. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alkaline soil conditions are serious challenges to optimal crop production on irrigated farmlands in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Unique characteristics of biochar had been utilized in the amelioration of many problematic soils but its use in sodic soil management is not popular in Nigeria. Ameliorative effects of biochar types prepared from poultry manure co-pyrolyzed with or without urea fertilizer were evaluated on soil organic carbon and selected soil chemical characteristics of a simulated sodic soil. The results from the six weeks incubation trial revealed the ability of the biochar types to reduce soil pH from the initial 10.38 to 7.91–10.29 in high sodic (HS) and from initial 9.70 to a range of 7.51–8.39 in low sodic (LS) soil situations compared to 9.88 (HS) and 6.82 (LS) in sole urea treated soil. This accounted for up to 51 and 57% reduction in exchangeable sodium content and percentage (ESP), respectively and 28% increases in exchangeable Ca in the sodic soils. Poultry manure biochar co-pyrolyzed with urea was most effective in reducing exchangeable sodium and ESP in the soils while poultry manure biochar not co-pyrolyzed with urea was highest in reducing soil pH. Poultry manure biochar not spiked with urea was most superior in increasing soil organic carbon in low sodic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetunde Bunmi Oyeyiola
- Department of Crop Production and Soil Science , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
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Tamayao P, Ribeiro GO, McAllister TA, Ominski KH, Okine EK, McGeough EJ. Effects of biochar source, level of inclusion, and particle size on in vitro dry matter disappearance, total gas, and methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters in a barley silage-based diet. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of biochar differing in source, inclusion level, and particle size on dry matter disappearance (DMD), total gas and methane (CH4) production, and ruminal fermentation in a barley silage-based diet. The seven biochar products used were coconut (CP001 and CP014) or pine (CP002, CP015, CP016, CP023, CP024)-based. Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) evaluated these biochars at 4.5%, 13.5%, and 22.5% level of diet inclusion, whereas Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) evaluated CP002, CP016, and CP023 at 2.25% and 4.50% of the diet at <0.5, 0.5–2.0, >2.0 mm particle size. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS as a randomized complete block design, with biochar source, inclusion level, and particle size (Exp. 2 only) as fixed effects with run and replicate as random effects. Increasing level of biochar inclusion linearly (P < 0.01) decreased DMD in Exp. 1 and did not influence DMD (P > 0.05) in Exp. 2. Total gas, CH4 (mL·g−1 DMD), and ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by product, inclusion level, or particle size (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar of varying source and particle size did not mitigate CH4 production, but reduced DMD at higher inclusion levels in the barley silage-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tamayao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
- National Centre for Livestock and the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Gabriel O. Ribeiro
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1J 4B1
| | - Kim H. Ominski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
- National Centre for Livestock and the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Erasmus K. Okine
- Provost and Vice President Academic, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1K 3M4
| | - Emma J. McGeough
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
- National Centre for Livestock and the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
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Tamayao P, Ribeiro GO, McAllister TA, Ominski KH, Saleem AM, Yang HE, Okine EK, McGeough EJ. Effect of pine-based biochars with differing physiochemical properties on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbiota in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed barley silage. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of three pine-based biochar products on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley-silage-based total mixed ration (TMR). Treatments consisted of 10 g TMR supplemented with no biochar (control) and three different biochars (CP016, CP024, and CP028) included at 20 g·kg−1 DM. Treatments were assigned to 16 fermenters (n = 4 per treatment) in two RUSITEC units in a randomized block design for a 17 d experimental period. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, with treatment and day of sampling as fixed effects and RUSITEC unit and fermenters as random effects. Biochar did not affect nutrient disappearance (P > 0.05), nor total gas or CH4, irrespective of unit of expression. The volatile fatty acid, NH3-N, total protozoa, and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). Alpha and beta diversity and rumen microbiota families were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar did not reduce CH4 emissions nor affect nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, or rumen microbiota in the RUSITEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tamayao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- National Centre for Livestock and the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Gabriel O. Ribeiro
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Kim H. Ominski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- National Centre for Livestock and the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Atef M. Saleem
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Hee Eun Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Erasmus K. Okine
- Office of the Provost and Vice-President Academic, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Emma J. McGeough
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- National Centre for Livestock and the Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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O'Reilly GC, Huo Y, Meale SJ, Chaves AV. Dose response of biochar and wood vinegar on in vitro batch culture ruminal fermentation using contrasting feed substrates. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab107. [PMID: 34430799 PMCID: PMC8379518 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within Australia, approximately 6.4% of total greenhouse gas emissions are from animal methane (CH4) derived from enteric fermentation. Mitigation of ruminant CH4 is a key concept in support of sustainable agriculture production; dietary manipulations a viable strategy to lower CH4 release during enteric fermentation. In order to determine the effects of dose response of biochar and wood vinegar supplementation on fermentation parameters and CH4 production, this study utilized in vitro batch culture incubations. It is hypothesized that the addition of either biochar or wood vinegar will successfully reduce enteric CH4 emissions without negative modification of other fermentation parameters. Three feed substrates (vegetable mixed ration, maize silage, and winter pasture) were separated into treatments containing either biochar at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% DM replacing substrate (w/w basis), or wood vinegar at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% into incubation media volume (v/v). At 6, 12, and 24 hours after inoculation, total gas volume, and methane (CH4 %) were measured. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, media pH, and in vitro dry matter digestibility were measured at 24 hours. Biochar at various dosages had no effect (P > 0.05) on fermentation characteristics other than decreased in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD; P = 0.01) at 2% and 4% (DM basis) inclusion. Similar to biochar, dose response of wood vinegar had no effect on in vitro fermentation characteristics. However, feed substrate had major effects on all fermentation parameters (P = 0.01) where winter pasture > vegetable mixed ration > maize silage for all recorded fermentation characteristics. Biochar and wood vinegar supplementation were ineffectual in mitigating CH4 production or modifying fermentation characteristics, thus rejecting the initial hypothesis. These results suggest the use of biochar is not an effective tool for methane mitigation in ruminant livestock and infers that studies previously reporting success must better define the systemic mechanisms responsible for the reduction in CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Celia O'Reilly
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuxin Huo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah Jade Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Alex V Chaves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Addition of Activated Carbon into a Cattle Diet to Mitigate GHG Emissions and Improve Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the most problematic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of ruminant livestock is methane (CH4), with a global warming potential 25 times that of carbon dioxide. This work considers the emissions and production effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) at 0.5% by dry matter (DM) on methanogenic rumen flora as the major source of dairy cattle enteric methane emissions. In total, 180 dairy cattle located in Brymaroo, Queensland (QLD), Australia, were studied in a three-cycle repeated measures ANOVA format with a 4 week primary interval. Emissions eructated during milking and in faecal deposits were measured, and in addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to determine the collective populations of prokaryotic bacteria and archaea as well methanogenic communities for each treatment. Moreover, 0.5% PAC addition reduced CH4 emissions by 30–40% and CO2 emissions by 10%, while improving daily milk production by 3.43%, milk protein by 2.63% and milk fat by 6.32%, on average for the herd (p < 0.001 in all cases). rRNA gene sequencing showed populations of methanogenic flora decreased by 30% on average with a corresponding increase in the nonmethanogenic species. We strongly advocate further on-farm trials with the dietary addition of PAC in ruminant diets to mitigate emissions while maintaining or improving productivity.
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Assil Z, Esegbue O, Mašek O, Gutierrez T, Free A. Specific enrichment of hydrocarbonclastic bacteria from diesel-amended soil on biochar particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143084. [PMID: 33131874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been proposed as a suitable biostimulant for the remediation of hydrocarbon contamination, and also has the potential to act as a carrier for hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms which could bioaugment endogenous microbial communities. However, the evidence regarding the biostimulatory effects of biochars on hydrocarbon bioremediation is somewhat equivocal, possibly due to variability of the physicochemical properties of biochar and soil across studies. Here, we use standard biochars with defined properties produced from softwood pellets (SWP) and rice husk (RH) at pyrolysis temperatures of 550 °C or 700 °C to test the effects of biochar amendment on microbial community composition and hydrocarbon degradation in soil microcosms contaminated with diesel oil. Combining this approach for the first time with specific analysis of microbial community composition using amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), we find that oil contamination causes extreme short-term loss of soil microbial diversity, and highly-specific selection of a limited set of genera defined by 13 ASVs. Biochar ameliorates the short-term loss of diversity, and in the longer term (9 weeks), changes community composition in a type-specific manner. The majority of the 13 selected ASVs are further enriched on biochar particles, although SWP biochars perform better than RH biochar in enrichment of putative hydrocarbonoclastic Aquabacterium spp. However, complete degradation of normal (n) alkanes from the aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction is prevented in the presence of biochar amendment, possibly due to their adsorption onto the char surface. Furthermore, we show that putative hydrocarbon degraders released from diesel-amended soil can subsequently be enriched to high levels on SWP biochar particles in growth medium supplemented with diesel oil as the sole carbon source; these include selected ASVs representing the genera Rhodococcus, Aquabacterium, and Cavicella. This work suggests that use of biochar pre-enriched with endogenous, conditionally-rare hydrocarbon degrading bacteria is a promising strategy for bioaugmentation of diesel-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansaya Assil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | | | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrew Free
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
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Kalinke C, Zanicoski-Moscardi AP, de Oliveira PR, Mangrich AS, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF. Simple and low-cost sensor based on activated biochar for the stripping voltammetric detection of caffeic acid. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rodrigues ARF, Maia MRG, Cabrita ARJ, Oliveira HM, Bernardo M, Lapa N, Fonseca I, Trindade H, Pereira JL, Fonseca AJM. Assessment of potato peel and agro-forestry biochars supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9488. [PMID: 33194323 PMCID: PMC7394066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The awareness of environmental and socio-economic impacts caused by greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector leverages the adoption of strategies to counteract it. Feed supplements can play an important role in the reduction of the main greenhouse gas produced by ruminants—methane (CH4). In this context, this study aims to assess the effect of two biochar sources and inclusion levels on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro. Methods Two sources of biochar (agro-forestry residues, AFB, and potato peel, PPB) were added at two levels (5 and 10%, dry matter (DM) basis) to two basal substrates (haylage and corn silage) and incubated 24-h with rumen inocula to assess the effects on CH4 production and main rumen fermentation parameters in vitro. Results AFB and PPB were obtained at different carbonization conditions resulting in different apparent surface areas, ash content, pH at the point of zero charge (pHpzc), and elemental analysis. Relative to control (0% biochar), biochar supplementation kept unaffected total gas production and yield (mL and mL/g DM, p = 0.140 and p = 0.240, respectively) and fermentation pH (p = 0.666), increased CH4production and yield (mL and mL/g DM, respectively, p = 0.001) and ammonia-N (NH3-N, p = 0.040), and decreased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (p < 0.001) and H2 generated and consumed (p ≤ 0.001). Biochar sources and inclusion levels had no negative effect on most of the fermentation parameters and efficiency. Acetic:propionic acid ratio (p = 0.048) and H2 consumed (p = 0.019) were lower with AFB inclusion when compared to PPB. Biochar inclusion at 10% reduced H2 consumed (p < 0.001) and tended to reduce total gas production (p = 0.055). Total VFA production (p = 0.019), acetic acid proportion (p = 0.011) and H2 generated (p = 0.048) were the lowest with AFB supplemented at 10%, no differences being observed among the other treatments. The basal substrate affected most fermentation parameters independently of biochar source and level used. Discussion Biochar supplementation increased NH3-N content, iso-butyric, iso-valeric and valeric acid proportions, and decreased VFA production suggesting a reduced energy supply for microbial growth, higher proteolysis and deamination of substrate N, and a decrease of NH3-N incorporation into microbial protein. No interaction was found between substrate and biochar source or level on any of the parameters measured. Although AFB and PPB had different textural and compositional characteristics, their effects on the rumen fermentation parameters were similar, the only observed effects being due to AFB included at 10%. Biochar supplementation promoted CH4 production regardless of the source and inclusion level, suggesting that there may be other effects beyond biomass and temperature of production of biochar, highlighting the need to consider other characteristics to better identify the mechanism by which biochar may influence CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R F Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida R G Maia
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R J Cabrita
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Oliveira
- INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Bernardo
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lapa
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Fonseca
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José L Pereira
- CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,ESAV, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - António J M Fonseca
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yan P, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Chen S, Zhu W, Yuan X, Cui Z. A comparison and evaluation of the effects of biochar on the anaerobic digestion of excess and anaerobic sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139159. [PMID: 32485390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms and enhancing effects of different biochar loadings on the digesters receiving low and high excess (or anaerobic) sludge loadings were thoroughly examined in the present study. This was done to explore an efficient method for converting excess sludge to anaerobic sludge. Biochar had an obvious effect on the anaerobic digestion of excess sludge but not on the anaerobic sludge. When the amount of biochar added was equivalent to 100% of the sludge TS, the cumulative methane yields of anaerobic digestion inoculated with small and large amounts of excess sludge were respectively 30.2 and 1.7 times that of those without biochar. The number of methanogens in the digesters that received small and large inoculations of excess sludge with 100% biochar, were respectively 105.4% and 20.6% higher than those without biochar. The biochar enhanced the systems performance because it selectively enriched the Trichococcus and Methanomicrobiales tightly attach to it. This enhanced the synergy and overall activity of the system by promoting biofilm development. Ultimately, the integration of 100% biochar and excess sludge can be used as a substitute for anaerobic sludge as an inoculum by giving similar overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxiang Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yubin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shanshuai Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufeng Yuan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Liu X, Wang Z, Yan Y, Yu X, Zhao P, Wang X, Hu L, Xu J, Xu J. Novel strategy of incorporating biochar in solid-state fermentation for enhancing erythritol production by forming "microzones". BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123141. [PMID: 32171177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is increasingly considered in addressing bioprocess issues due to its strong adsorbability and excellent compatibility to microbes. Here, biochar was first applied in aerobic solid-state fermentation (SSF) for erythritol production. Biochars derived from different agricultural wastes under various pyrolysis temperatures were evaluated, and wheat straw pyrolyzed at 300 °C (WSc) performed the best in enhancing fermentative erythritol production, with a dosage of 4% (w/w). In this procedure, cell-biochar-substrate "microzones" were formed, which was conductive to cell growth and attachment, and hence contributed enhanced enzyme activities, oil consumption, and erythritol production. The resultant erythritol productions of batch and fed-batch fermentations were 207.3 and 222.5 mg/gds, respectively. In repeated-batch fermentation, high cell viability and robust erythritol synthesis were maintained throughout seven cycles. This study demonstrates that SSF can be remarkably facilitated by biochar addition, suggesting a new perspective of biochar application in microbiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yubo Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Xinjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pusu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China.
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16
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Mirheidari A, Torbatinejad NM, Shakeri P, Mokhtarpour A. Effects of biochar produced from different biomass sources on digestibility, ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and growth performance of male lambs. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.106042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Zhang X, Zhang P, Yuan X, Li Y, Han L. Effect of pyrolysis temperature and correlation analysis on the yield and physicochemical properties of crop residue biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 296:122318. [PMID: 31675650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate how pyrolysis temperature influences the yield and physicochemical properties of biochar. We produced biochar from four feedstocks (wheat straw, corn straw, rape straw, and rice straw) pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500, and 600 °C for 1 h, respectively. The results showed that all biochar yields decreased consistently with increasing temperature during pyrolysis and showed a steady decrease over 400 °C. Rice straw derived biochar had high yield superiority due to its higher content of ash. Pyrolysis temperature has significant effects on the properties of biochar; demonstrating a negative relationship with H, O, H/C, O/C, (O + N)/C, and functional groups, whilst having a positive relationship with C, ash, pH, electrical conductivity, and surface roughness. Higher pyrolysis temperature was beneficial to the formation of a more recalcitrant constitutions and crystal structure, making it available for material application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peizhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangru Yuan
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China.
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18
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Schmidt HP, Hagemann N, Draper K, Kammann C. The use of biochar in animal feeding. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7373. [PMID: 31396445 PMCID: PMC6679646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar, that is, carbonized biomass similar to charcoal, has been used in acute medical treatment of animals for many centuries. Since 2010, livestock farmers increasingly use biochar as a regular feed supplement to improve animal health, increase nutrient intake efficiency and thus productivity. As biochar gets enriched with nitrogen-rich organic compounds during the digestion process, the excreted biochar-manure becomes a more valuable organic fertilizer causing lower nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions during storage and soil application. Scientists only recently started to investigate the mechanisms of biochar in the different stages of animal digestion and thus most published results on biochar feeding are based so far on empirical studies. This review summarizes the state of knowledge up to the year 2019 by evaluating 112 relevant scientific publications on the topic to derive initial insights, discuss potential mechanisms behind observations and identify important knowledge gaps and future research needs. The literature analysis shows that in most studies and for all investigated farm animal species, positive effects on different parameters such as toxin adsorption, digestion, blood values, feed efficiency, meat quality and/or greenhouse gas emissions could be found when biochar was added to feed. A considerable number of studies provided statistically non-significant results, though tendencies were mostly positive. Rare negative effects were identified in regard to the immobilization of liposoluble feed ingredients (e.g., vitamin E or Carotenoids) which may limit long-term biochar feeding. We found that most of the studies did not systematically investigate biochar properties (which may vastly differ) and dosage, which is a major drawback for generalizing results. Our review demonstrates that the use of biochar as a feed additive has the potential to improve animal health, feed efficiency and livestock housing climate, to reduce nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions, and to increase the soil organic matter content and thus soil fertility when eventually applied to soil. In combination with other good practices, co-feeding of biochar may thus have the potential to improve the sustainability of animal husbandry. However, more systematic multi-disciplinary research is definitely needed to arrive at generalizable recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolas Hagemann
- Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies, Arbaz, Valais, Switzerland
- Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Kammann
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
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19
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Azzi ES, Karltun E, Sundberg C. Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Large-Scale Biochar Production and Use for Negative Emissions in Stockholm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8466-8476. [PMID: 31268319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several cities in Sweden are aiming for climate neutrality within a few decades and for negative emissions thereafter. Combined biochar, heat, and power production is an option to achieve carbon sequestration for cities relying on biomass-fuelled district heating, while biochar use could mitigate environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector. By using prospective life cycle assessment, the climate impact of the pyrolysis of woodchips in Stockholm is compared with two reference scenarios based on woodchip combustion. The pyrolysis of woodchips produces heat and power for the city of Stockholm, and biochar whose potential use as a feed and manure additive on Swedish dairy farms is explored. The climate change mitigation trade-off between bioenergy production and biochar carbon sequestration in Stockholm's context is dominated by the fate of marginal power. If decarbonisation of power is achieved, building a new pyrolysis plant becomes a better climate option than conventional combustion. Effects of cascading biochar use in animal husbandry are uncertain but could provide 10-20% more mitigation than direct biochar soil incorporation. These results help design regional biochar systems that combine negative carbon dioxide emissions with increased methane and nitrous oxide mitigation efforts and can also guide the development of minimum performance criteria for biochar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S Azzi
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED) , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 100 44 , Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Sundberg
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED) , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 100 44 , Sweden
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20
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Teoh R, Caro E, Holman DB, Joseph S, Meale SJ, Chaves AV. Effects of Hardwood Biochar on Methane Production, Fermentation Characteristics, and the Rumen Microbiota Using Rumen Simulation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1534. [PMID: 31354652 PMCID: PMC6635593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar is a novel carbonized feed additive sourced from pyrolyzed biomass. This compound is known to adsorb gasses and carbon, participate in biological redox reactions and provide habitat biofilms for desirable microbiota proliferation. Therefore, biochar holds potential to modify rumen fermentation characteristics and reduce enteric CH4 emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hardwood biochar supplementation on fermentation parameters, methane (CH4) production and the ruminal archaeal, bacterial, and fungal microbiota using the in vitro RUSITEC (rumen simulation technique) system. Treatments consisted of a control diet (oaten pasture: maize silage: concentrate, 35:35:30 w/w) and hardwood biochar included at 400 or 800 mg per day (3.6 and 7.2% of substrate DM, respectively), over a 15-day period. Biochar supplementation had no effect (P ≥ 0.37) on pH, effluent (mL/d), total gas (mL/d), dry matter (DM) digestibility or CH4 production (mg/d). The addition of 800 mg biochar per day had the tendency (P = 0.10) to lower the % of CH4 released in fermentation compared to 400 mg/d biochar treatment. However, no effect (P ≥ 0.44) was seen on total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyric, branched-chain VFA, valerate and caproate production and the ratio of acetate to propionate. No effect (P > 0.05) was observed on bacterial, archaeal or fungal community structure. However, biochar supplementation at 800 mg/d decreased the abundance of one Methanomethylophilaceae OTU (19.8-fold, P = 0.046) and one Lactobacillus spp. OTU (31.7-fold, P < 0.01), in comparison to control treatments. Two fungal OTUs classified as Vishniacozyma victoriae (5.4 × 107 increase) and Sporobolomyces ruberrimus (5.4 × 107-fold increase) were more abundant in the 800 mg/d biochar samples. In conclusion, hardwood biochar had no effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics and may potentially lower the concentration of enteric CH4 when included at higher dosages by manipulating ruminal microbiota abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Teoh
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleonora Caro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Devin B. Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex V. Chaves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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21
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Mirheidari A, Torbatinejad NM, Shakeri P, Mokhtarpour A. Effects of walnut shell and chicken manure biochar on in vitro fermentation and in vivo nutrient digestibility and performance of dairy ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2153-2160. [PMID: 31079336 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of addition of walnut shell biochar (WSB) and chicken manure biochar (CMB) to dairy ewes' diet. In in vitro experiment, the effects of different levels of WSB and CMB (0.5, 1, and 1.5% diet dry matter (DM)) on rumen fermentation characteristics were assessed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replicates. Treatments were as follows: basal diet without biochar (control), basal diet with 0.5, 1, and 1.5% WSB, and basal diet with 0.5, 1, and 1.5% CMB. Addition of 1% WSB and 1.5% CMB to the diet linearly decreased methane production and ammonia-N concentrations and increased pH compared to control (P < 0.001). Inclusion of WSB and CMB to the diet did not change volume of gas production and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and proportion of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. In the second experiment, six milking Kermanian ewes were used in a replicated Latin square design with three treatments and three 21-day periods to evaluate the effects of 1% WSB and 1.5% CMB (based on results obtained from in vitro trial) on intake, digestibility, and milk yield and composition. Dietary inclusion of 1% WSB and 1.5% CMB resulted in more milk yield (P < 0.01), milk protein (P < 0.05), and solids not fat (SNF) (P < 0.001). Blood glucose and total protein increased (P < 0.01) in ewes fed 1% WSB and 1.5% CMB in comparison to ewes fed control diet. Apparent digestibility coefficients of DM (P < 0.01) and OM (P < 0.10) were increased with inclusion of 1% WSB and 1.5% CMB in diet. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was also increased in WSB-fed ewes (P < 0.01). The lack of negative effects of 1% WSB and 1.5% CMB coupled with the observed reduction in methane emission and ammonia concentration and also improvement in milk production suggested that biochars can be beneficially incorporated in dairy ewes' ration as a low-cost feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mirheidari
- Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - N M Torbatinejad
- Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - P Shakeri
- Animal Science Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran
| | - A Mokhtarpour
- Research Center of Special Domestic Animals, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
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Sun C, Liu F, Song Z, Wang J, Li Y, Pan Y, Sheng T, Li L. Feasibility of dry anaerobic digestion of beer lees for methane production and biochar enhanced performance at mesophilic and thermophilic temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 276:65-73. [PMID: 30611088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of dry anaerobic digestion using beer lees as substrate and the effect of cow manure-derived biochar addition on dry anaerobic digestion performance at mesophilic and thermophilic temperature, respectively. With TS content of 25%, maximum cumulative methane production and yield were achieved to be 5230 ± 91 mL d-1 and 220.1 ± 7.7 mL g-1 VS at mesophilic condition and 7386 ± 134 mL d-1 and 310.4 ± 9.2 mL g-1 VS at thermophilic condition in the control cultures. The biochar addition has a positive effect in improving dry anaerobic digestion performance. The maximum cumulative methane production and yield in the cultures with 10 g L-1 biochar were substantially improved by 82.9% and 82.6% at mesophilic condition and 47.2% and 46.8% at mesophilic condition when compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Sun
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Construction Technology, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zhiwei Song
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Construction Technology, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
| | - Lixin Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China.
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