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Muñoz C, Muñoz IA, Rodríguez R, Urrutia NL, Ungerfeld EM. Effect of combining the methanogenesis inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol and cottonseeds on methane emissions, feed intake, and milk production of grazing dairy cows. Animal 2024; 18:101203. [PMID: 38935983 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
No single enteric CH4 mitigating strategy has been consistently effective or is readily applicable to ruminants in grassland systems. When CH4 mitigating strategies are effective under grazing conditions, mitigation is mild to moderate at best. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of combining two CH4 mitigation strategies deemed feasible to apply in grazing dairy cows, the methanogenesis inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol additive (3-NOP) and cottonseed supplementation (CTS), seeking to enhance their individual CH4 mitigating potential. Forty-eight dairy cows were evaluated in a continuous grazing study and supplemented with either a starch-based concentrate (STA) or one that contained cottonseeds (1.75 kg DM/d; CTS), and with either 19 g/d of 10% 3-NOP (Bovaer®) or the additive's carrier (placebo), in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were supplied mixed with a concentrate supplement (5 kg/d as fed) and offered in two equal rations at milking. Methane emissions were measured on weeks 4 and 8 using the sulphur hexafluoride tracer gas technique over a 5-d period. The 3-NOP and CTS treatments tended to interact on absolute CH4 such that 3-NOP decreased CH4 by 13.4% with STA, but there was no mitigation with 3-NOP and CTS. Treatment interactions were also obtained for CH4 yield, where 3-NOP tended to decrease CH4 when supplied with STA, and tended to increase it with CTS. The increase in CH4 yield with the CTS diet was driven by a numerical decrease in DM intake. Methane intensity was not affected by the 3-NOP or CTS treatments. Total volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid were not affected by 3-NOP supplementation, but a reduction in acetate and an increase in propionate proportion occurred, resulting in decreased acetate: propionate. The 3-NOP additive decreased grass intake; however, energy-corrected milk yield and milk composition were largely unaffected. Milk urea increased with 3-NOP supplementation. Combining twice daily supplementation of 3-NOP and CTS did not enhance their CH4 mitigation potential when fed to grazing dairy cows. The relatively low inhibition of CH4 production by 3-NOP compared to studies with total mixed rations may result from the mode of delivery (pulse dosed twice daily) and time gap caused by experimental handling and moving of animals to pasture after 3-NOP supplementation in the milking parlour, which could have impaired the synchrony between the additive presence in the rumen and grass intake in paddocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muñoz
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, 5290000 Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile.
| | - I A Muñoz
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, 5290000 Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - R Rodríguez
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, 5290000 Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - N L Urrutia
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, 5290000 Osorno, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Camino Cajón-Vilcún km 10, 4880000 Temuco, Región de La Araucanía, Chile
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de Ondarza MB, de Souza VC, Kebreab E, Tricarico JM. Understanding potential opportunities and risks associated with feeding supplemental rumen available fats to mitigate enteric methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00836-1. [PMID: 38825101 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Supplemental dietary rumen available fats show promise as enteric methane (eCH4) mitigators for lactating dairy cows. However, concerns include variability in eCH4 response and possible negative effects on dairy cow performance. Successful implementation of this mitigation option requires better prediction of responses specifically to rumen available FA as well as understanding the modulating effects of other dietary and animal characteristics. Using meta-analytic and meta-regression techniques, 35 published studies with diet definition were used to assess changes in eCH4 emissions and lactation performance associated with supplemental fat, specific supplemental rumen available FA types, and other dietary characteristics. Enteric CH4 (g/d) was reduced by 3.77% per percentage unit of supplemental rumen available EE (RAEE). Supplemental rumen available PUFA (C18:2 and C18:3) and UFA (C18:1, C18:2, C18:3) mitigated eCH4 (g/d) emissions in dairy cows by 6.88 and 4.65% per percentage unit increase, respectively. The anti-methanogenic effects of PUFA, MUFA and MCFA increased with correspondingly greater basal dietary levels of each FA type. Higher rumen-degradable starch (RDS; > 18% DM) in the basal diet promoted greater reductions in eCH4 yield (eCH4/DMI, g/kg) with supplemental rumen available PUFA and UFA. Both milk fat percentage and yield (kg/d) were reduced with rumen available fat supplementation with a reduction of 7.8% and 6.0%, respectively, relative to control diets. Our results highlight the importance of determining basal levels of the rumen available FA before providing supplemental rumen available FA as an option for enteric eCH4 mitigation. Dairy nutritionists can use estimates generated from this analysis to predict changes in eCH4 emissions and dairy cow performance associated with dietary supplementation of rumen available EE and specific rumen available FA types for the purpose of eCH4 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinícius Carneiro de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 2111 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 2111 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Juan M Tricarico
- Dairy Management Inc., 10255 W. Higgins Road, Suite 900, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA.
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3
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Ma X, Räisänen SE, Garcia-Ascolani ME, Bobkov M, He T, Islam MZ, Li Y, Peng R, Reichenbach M, Serviento AM, Soussan E, Sun X, Wang K, Yang S, Zeng Z, Niu M. Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP, Bovaer®10) and whole cottonseed on milk production and enteric methane emissions from dairy cows under Swiss management conditions. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00801-4. [PMID: 38762115 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the potential effect and interaction of 3- nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; Bovaer®) and whole cottonseed (WCS) on lactational performance, and enteric methane (CH4) emission of dairy cows. A total of 16 multiparous cows, including 8 Holstein Friesian (HF) and 8 Brown Swiss (BS) [224 ± 36 d in milk, 26 ± 3.7 kg milk yield], were used in a split-plot design, where the main plot was the breed of cows. Within each subplot, cows were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangements of treatments with 4, 24-d periods. The experimental treatments were: 1) Control (basal TMR), 2) 3-NOP (60 mg/kg TMR DM), 3) WCS (5% TMR DM), and 4) 3-NOP + WCS. The treatment diets were balanced for ether extract, crude protein, and NDF contents (4%, 16%, and 43% of TMR DM, respectively). The basal diets were fed twice daily at 0800 and 1800 h. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were measured daily, and enteric gas emissions were measured (using the GreenFeed system) during the last 3 d of each 24-d experimental period when animals were housed in tie stalls. There was no difference in DMI on treatment level, whereas the WCS treatment increased ECM yield and milk fat yield. There was no interaction of 3-NOP and WCS for any of the enteric gas emission parameters, but 3-NOP decreased CH4 production (g/d), CH4 yield (g/kg DMI), and CH4 intensity (g/kg ECM) by 13, 14 and 13%, respectively. Further, an unexpected interaction of breed by 3-NOP was observed for different enteric CH4 emission metrics: HF cows had a greater CH4 mitigation effect compared with BS cows for CH4 production (g/d; 18 vs. 8%), CH4 intensity (g/kg MY; 19% vs. 3%) and CH4 intensity (g/kg ECM; 19 vs. 4%). Hydrogen production was increased by 2.85 folds in HF and 1.53 folds in BS cows receiving 3-NOP. Further, there was a 3-NOP ' Time interaction for both breeds. In BS cows, 3-NOP tended to reduce CH4 production by 18% at around 4 h after morning feeding but no effect was observed at other time points. In HF cows, the greatest mitigation effect of 3-NOP (29.6%) was observed immediately after morning feeding and it persisted at around 23% to 26% for 10 h until the second feed provision, and 3 h thereafter, in the evening. In conclusion, supplementing 3-NOP at 60 mg/kg DM to a high fiber diet resulted in 18 to 19% reduction in enteric CH4 emission in Swiss Holstein Friesian cows. The lower response to 3-NOP by BS cows was unexpected and has not been observed in other studies. These results should be interpreted with caution due to low number of cows per breed. Lastly, supplementing WCS at 5% of DM improved ECM and milk fat yield but did not enhance CH4 inhibition effect of 3-NOP of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - M E Garcia-Ascolani
- Nestlé Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S. A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Bobkov
- Nestlé Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S. A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T He
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - M Z Islam
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Y Li
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - R Peng
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - M Reichenbach
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - A M Serviento
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - E Soussan
- Nestlé Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S. A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - X Sun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - K Wang
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - S Yang
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Z Zeng
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - M Niu
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland.
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4
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Fant P, Leskinen H, Ramin M, Huhtanen P. Effects of replacement of barley with oats on milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2347-2360. [PMID: 36823002 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This study consists of milk fatty acid (FA) data collected during 2 in vivo experiments. For this study, 8 cows from each experiment were included in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. At the start of experiment 1 (Exp1) cows were at (mean ± standard deviation) 87 ± 34.6 d in milk, 625 ± 85.0 kg of body weight, and 32.1 ± 4.17 kg/d milk yield and at the start of experiment 2 (Exp2) cows were at 74 ± 18.2 d in milk, 629 ± 87.0 kg of body weight, and 37.0 ± 3.2 kg/d milk yield. In Exp1, we examined the effects of gradual replacement of barley with hulled oats (oats with hulls) on milk FA composition. The basal diet was grass silage and rapeseed meal (58 and 10% of diet DM, respectively), and the 4 grain supplements were formulated so that barley was gradually replaced by hulled oats at levels of 0, 33, 67, and 100% on dry matter basis. In Exp2, we examined (1) the effects of replacing barley with both hulled and dehulled oats (oats without hulls) and (2) the effects of gradual replacement of hulled oats with dehulled oats on milk FA composition. The basal diet was grass silage and rapeseed meal (60 and 10% of diet DM, respectively), and the 4 pelleted experimental concentrates were barley, hulled oats, a 50:50 mixture of hulled and dehulled oats, and dehulled oats on dry matter basis. In Exp1, gradual replacement of barley with hulled oats decreased relative proportions of 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated FA (SFA) in milk fat linearly, whereas proportions of 18:0, 18:1, total monounsaturated FA, and total cis unsaturated FA increased linearly. Transfer efficiency of total C18 decreased linearly when barley was replaced by hulled oats in Exp1. In Exp2, relative proportions of 14:0, 16:0, and total SFA were lower, whereas proportions of 18:0, 18:1, monounsaturated FA, and cis unsaturated FA were higher in milk from cows fed the oat diets than in milk from cows fed the barley diet. Moreover, in Exp2, gradual replacement of hulled oats with dehulled oats slightly decreased the relative proportion of 14:0 in milk fat but did not affect the proportions of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, total SFA, monounsaturated FA, trans FA, or polyunsaturated FA. In Exp2, transfer efficiency of total C18 was lower when cows were fed the oat diets than when fed the barley diet and decreased linearly when hulled oats were replaced with dehulled oats. Predictions of daily CH4 emissions (g/d) using the on-farm available variables energy-corrected milk yield and body weight were not markedly improved by including milk concentrations of individual milk FA in prediction equations. In conclusion, replacement of barley with oats as a concentrate supplement for dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet could offer a practical strategy to change the FA composition of milk to be more in accordance with international dietary guidelines regarding consumption of SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fant
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - H Leskinen
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - M Ramin
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Animal Nutrition, Production Systems Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
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Avilés-Nieto JN, Márquez-Mota CC, Hernández-Medrano JH, Ramírez-Bribiesca JE, Castillo-Gallegos E, Plascencia A, Castrejón-Pineda FA, Corona L. Effect of canola oil supplementation level on total tract digestion, ruminal fermentation, and methane emissions of cows grazing Urochloa sp. supplemented with a fixed amount of concentrate. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:77. [PMID: 36773073 PMCID: PMC9922234 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Four rumen-cannulated cows (Bos taurus × Bos indicus, 657 ± 92 kg body weight, BW) in a rotational grazing (Urochloa sp.) system were assigned to different canola oil (CO) inclusion levels, 0.0, 0.40, 0.80, and 1.2 g/kg according to shrunk body weight (SBW, BW adjusted for gastrointestinal filling) in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design to evaluate CO on the CH4 emissions and dietary energy intake. CH4 emissions were estimated using an infrared analyzer methodology (Sniffer method). Grass intake and fecal production were estimated using Cr2O3 as an external marker. CO supplementation increased (linear effect, P ≤ 0.05) total dry matter and gross energy intake with a linear increase (P = 0.09) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake. While digestible energy (Mcal/kg) linearly increased with increasing CO supplementation level (linear effect, P < 0.05), total tract digestion of organic matter, NDF, and CP was comparable (P > 0.05) between levels. Maximal CO supplementation (1.2 g/kg SBW) significantly decreased total ruminal protozoa population, acetate:propionate ratio, and enteric methane production (g/kg DMI) by 9, 5.3, and 17.5%, respectively. This study showed that, for cows grazing tropical forages, CO can be supplemented up to 1.2 g/kg SBW (5.8% of the total diet) without negatively affecting intake and nutrient digestion while reducing ruminal fermentation efficiency and enteric methane emission (≤ 17.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noe Avilés-Nieto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Cecilia Márquez-Mota
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Epigmenio Castillo-Gallegos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación Y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Francisco Alejandro Castrejón-Pineda
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Corona
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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Garcia F, Muñoz C, Martínez-Ferrer J, Urrutia NL, Martínez ED, Saldivia M, Immig I, Kindermann M, Walker N, Ungerfeld EM. 3-Nitrooxypropanol substantially decreased enteric methane emissions of dairy cows fed true protein- or urea-containing diets. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09738. [PMID: 35770150 PMCID: PMC9234604 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane is a potent but short-lived greenhouse gas targeted for short-term amelioration of climate change, with enteric methane emitted by ruminants being the most important anthropogenic source of methane. Ruminant production also releases nitrogen to the environment, resulting in groundwater pollution and emissions of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. We hypothesized that inhibiting rumen methanogenesis in dairy cows with chemical inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) would redirect metabolic hydrogen towards synthesis of microbial amino acids. Our objective was to investigate the effects of 3-NOP on methane emissions, rumen fermentation and nitrogen metabolism of dairy cows fed true protein or urea as nitrogen sources. Eight ruminally-cannulated cows were fed a plant protein or a urea-containing diet during a Control experimental period followed by a methanogenesis inhibition period with 3-NOP supplementation. All diets were unintentionally deficient in nitrogen, and diets supplemented with 3-NOP had higher fiber than diets fed in the Control period. Higher dietary fiber content in the 3-NOP period would be expected to cause higher methane emissions; however, methane emissions adjusted by dry matter and digested organic matter intake were 54% lower with 3-NOP supplementation. Also, despite of the more fibrous diet, 3-NOP shifted rumen fermentation from acetate to propionate. The post-feeding rumen ammonium peak was substantially lower in the 3-NOP period, although that did not translate into greater rumen microbial protein production nor lesser nitrogen excretion in urine. Presumably, because all diets resulted in low rumen ammonium, and intake of digestible organic matter was lower in the 3-NOP period compared to the Control period, the synthesis of microbial amino acids was limited by nitrogen and energy, precluding the evaluation of our hypothesis. Supplementation with 3-NOP was highly effective at decreasing methane emissions with a lower quality diet, both with true protein and urea as nitrogen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Garcia
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Departamento de Producción Animal, Ing Agr. Félix Aldo Marrone 746, Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, 5001, Argentina
| | - Camila Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, Osorno, Los Lagos, 5290000, Chile
| | - Jorge Martínez-Ferrer
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi, Ruta Nacional nº9 km 636, Manfredi, Córdoba, 5988, Argentina
| | - Natalie L Urrutia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Ruta 5 km 8 norte, Osorno, Los Lagos, 5290000, Chile
| | - Emilio D Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Saldivia
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja S/N, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Irmgard Immig
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, 4303, Switzerland
| | - Maik Kindermann
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, 4303, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, 4303, Switzerland
| | - Emilio M Ungerfeld
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Camino Cajón - Vilcún km 10, Temuco, La Araucanía, 4880000, Chile
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WANDERLEY AM, ÍTAVO LCV, SANTOS GTD, ÍTAVO CCBF, DIAS AM, DIFANTE GDS, GURGEL ALC, CUNHA CS, MATEUS RG, CARDOSO CAL, OLIVEIRA MVMD. Sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids from oilseeds in dairy cows diets can alter yield of and fatty acid profile in milk. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.119021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Muñoz C, Villalobos R, Peralta AMT, Morales R, Urrutia NL, Ungerfeld EM. Long-Term and Carryover Effects of Supplementation with Whole Oilseeds on Methane Emission, Milk Production and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Grazing Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2978. [PMID: 34679995 PMCID: PMC8532947 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research is ongoing to find nutritional methane (CH4) mitigation strategies with persistent effects that can be applied to grazing ruminants. Lipid addition to dairy cow diets has shown potential as means to decrease CH4 emissions. This study evaluated the effects of oilseeds on CH4 emission and production performance of grazing lactating dairy cows. Sixty Holstein Friesian cows grazing pasture were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments (n = 15): supplemented with concentrate without oilseeds (CON), with whole cottonseed (CTS), rapeseed (RPS) or linseed (LNS). Oilseeds were supplemented during weeks 1-16 (spring period) and 17-22 (summer period), and the autumn period (wk 23-27) was used to evaluate treatment carryover effects. Cows fed CTS decreased CH4 yield by 14% compared to CON in spring, but these effects did not persist after 19 weeks of supplementation (summer). Compared to CON, RPS decreased milk yield and CTS increased milk fat concentration in both spring and summer. In summer, CTS also increased milk protein concentration but decreased milk yield, compared to CON. In spring, compared to CON, CTS decreased most milk medium-chain fatty acids (FA; 8:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 15:0) and increased stearic, linoleic and rumenic FA, and LNS increased CLA FA. There were no carry-over effects into the autumn period. In conclusion, supplementation of grazing dairy cows with whole oilseeds resulted in mild effects on methane emissions and animal performance. In particular, supplementing with CTS can decrease CH4 yield without affecting milk production, albeit with a mild and transient CH4 decrease effect. Long term studies conducted under grazing conditions are important to provide a comprehensive overview of how proposed nutritional CH4 mitigation strategies affect productivity, sustainability and consumer health aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (A.M.T.P.); (R.M.); (N.L.U.)
| | - Rodrigo Villalobos
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | | | - Rodrigo Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (A.M.T.P.); (R.M.); (N.L.U.)
| | - Natalie Louise Urrutia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (A.M.T.P.); (R.M.); (N.L.U.)
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Darabighane B, Tapio I, Ventto L, Kairenius P, Stefański T, Leskinen H, Shingfield KJ, Vilkki J, Bayat AR. Effects of Starch Level and a Mixture of Sunflower and Fish Oils on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Ruminal Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1310. [PMID: 34063184 PMCID: PMC8147431 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Four multiparous dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to examine how starch level and oil mixture impact dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, rumen fermentation, ruminal methane (CH4) emissions, and microbial diversity. Experimental treatments comprised high (HS) or low (LS) levels of starch containing 0 or 30 g of a mixture of sunflower and fish oils (2:1 w/w) per kg diet DM (LSO and HSO, respectively). Intake of DM did not differ between cows fed LS and HS diets while oil supplementation reduced DM intake. Dietary treatments did not affect milk and energy corrected milk yields. There was a tendency to have a lower milk fat concentration due to HSO compared with other treatments. Both high starch level and oil supplementation increased digestibility of gross energy. Cows receiving HS diets had higher levels of total rumen VFA while acetate was lower than LS without any differences in rumen pH, or ruminal CH4 emissions. Although dietary oil supplementation had no impact on rumen fermentation, decreased CH4 emissions (g/day and g/kg milk) were observed with a concomitant increase in Anoplodinium-Diplodinium sp. and Epidinium sp. but a decrease in Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcus sp., Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Mbb. gottschalkii clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Darabighane
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (B.D.); (L.V.); (P.K.); (T.S.); (H.L.); (K.J.S.)
| | - Ilma Tapio
- Genomics and Breeding, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
| | - Laura Ventto
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (B.D.); (L.V.); (P.K.); (T.S.); (H.L.); (K.J.S.)
| | - Piia Kairenius
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (B.D.); (L.V.); (P.K.); (T.S.); (H.L.); (K.J.S.)
| | - Tomasz Stefański
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (B.D.); (L.V.); (P.K.); (T.S.); (H.L.); (K.J.S.)
| | - Heidi Leskinen
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (B.D.); (L.V.); (P.K.); (T.S.); (H.L.); (K.J.S.)
| | - Kevin J. Shingfield
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (B.D.); (L.V.); (P.K.); (T.S.); (H.L.); (K.J.S.)
| | - Johanna Vilkki
- Research and Customer Relationships, Service Groups, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
| | - Ali-Reza Bayat
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (B.D.); (L.V.); (P.K.); (T.S.); (H.L.); (K.J.S.)
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10
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Samková E, Kalač P. Rapeseed supplements affect propitiously fatty acid composition of cow milk fat: A meta-analysis. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Bionaz M, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Busato S. Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 33292523 PMCID: PMC7667790 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5-6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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12
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Silva LSE, Fernandes Lima Cavalcanti JV, Rodrigues Magalhães AL, Santoro KR, Dias Gonçalves G, Vasconcelos Santana LP, Silva JKBD, Almeida OCD. Soybean oil modulates the fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland, improving nutritional quality of the goat milk. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Vargas JE, Andrés S, López-Ferreras L, Snelling TJ, Yáñez-Ruíz DR, García-Estrada C, López S. Dietary supplemental plant oils reduce methanogenesis from anaerobic microbial fermentation in the rumen. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1613. [PMID: 32005859 PMCID: PMC6994681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants contribute to the emissions of greenhouse gases, in particular methane, due to the microbial anaerobic fermentation of feed in the rumen. The rumen simulation technique was used to investigate the effects of the addition of different supplemental plant oils to a high concentrate diet on ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition. The control (CTR) diet was a high-concentrate total mixed ration with no supplemental oil. The other experimental diets were supplemented with olive (OLV), sunflower (SFL) or linseed (LNS) oils at 6%. Rumen digesta was used to inoculate the fermenters, and four fermentation units were used per treatment. Fermentation end-products, extent of feed degradation and composition of the microbial community (qPCR) in digesta were determined. Compared with the CTR diet, the addition of plant oils had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on ruminal pH, substrate degradation, total volatile fatty acids or microbial protein synthesis. Gas production from the fermentation of starch or cellulose were decreased by oil supplementation. Methane production was reduced by 21-28% (P < 0.001), propionate production was increased (P < 0.01), and butyrate and ammonia outputs and the acetate to propionate ratio were decreased (P < 0.001) with oil-supplemented diets. Addition of 6% OLV and LNS reduced (P < 0.05) copy numbers of total bacteria relative to the control. In conclusion, the supplementation of ruminant diets with plant oils, in particular from sunflower or linseed, causes some favorable effects on the fermentation processes. The addition of vegetable oils to ruminant mixed rations will reduce methane production increasing the formation of propionic acid without affecting the digestion of feed in the rumen. Adding vegetable fats to ruminant diets seems to be a suitable approach to decrease methane emissions, a relevant cleaner effect that may contribute to alleviate the environmental impact of ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Ernesto Vargas
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, E-24007, León, Spain
- Universidad de Caldas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo CIENVET, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, E-24007, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, E-24007, León, Spain
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, PO Box 434, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy J Snelling
- Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Carlos García-Estrada
- INBIOTEC, Instituto de Biotecnología de León, Avda. Real no. 1, Parque Científico de León, 24006, León, Spain
| | - Secundino López
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, E-24007, León, Spain.
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