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Ouyang Q, Li R, Feng G, Hou G, Jiang X, Liu X, Tang H, Long C, Yin J, Yin Y. Determination and prediction of amino acid digestibility in brown rice for growing-finishing pigs. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1474-1482. [PMID: 38665090 PMCID: PMC11222864 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The experiment aimed to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in 10 brown rice samples fed to pigs, and to construct predictive models for SID of CP and AA based on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of brown rice. METHODS Twenty-two cannulated pigs (initial body weight: 42.0±1.2 kg) were assigned to a replicated 11×3 incomplete Latin square design, including an N-free diet and 10 brown rice diets. Each period included 5 d adaptation and 2 d ileal digesta collection. Chromic oxide was added at 0.3% to all the diets as an indigestible marker for calculating the ileal CP and AA digestibility. RESULTS The coefficients of variation of all detected indices for physical characteristics and chemical composition, except for bulk weight, dry matter (DM) and gross energy, in 10 brown rice samples were greater than 10%. The SID of CP, lysine (Lys), methionine, threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp) in brown rice was 77.2% (62.6% to 85.5%), 87.5% (80.3% to 94.3%), 89.2% (78.9% to 98.9%), 55.4% (46.1% to 67.6%) and 92.5% (86.3% to 96.3%), respectively. The best prediction equations for the SID of CP, Lys, Thr, and Trp were as following, SIDCP = -664.181+8.484×DM (R2 = 0.40), SIDLys = 53.126+6.031×ether extract (EE)+0.893×thousand-kernel volume (R2 = 0.66), SIDThr = 39.916+7.843×EE (R2 = 0.41), and SIDTrp = -361.588+4.891×DM+0.387×total starch (R2 = 0.85). CONCLUSION Overall, a great variation exists among 10 sources of brown rice, and the thousand-grain volume, DM, EE, and total starch can be used as the key predictors for SID of CP and AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128,
China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128,
China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,
China
| | - Ganyi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,
China
| | - Gaifeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,
China
| | - Xianji Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128,
China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,
China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128,
China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,
China
| | - Hui Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128,
China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,
China
| | - Ciming Long
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,
China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128,
China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125,
China
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Li Y, Lu X, Dong L, Peng D, Zhang J, Cui Z, Wen H, Tian J, Jiang M. Replacing soybean meal with fermented rapeseed meal in diets: potential effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and liver and intestinal health of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01363-0. [PMID: 38869816 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of substituting soybean meal with fermented rapeseed meal (FRM) on growth, antioxidant capacity, and liver and intestinal health of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 450 tilapia (7.22 ± 0.15 g) were fed with five experimental diets, including a basal diet containing 40% soybean meal (CP0), which was subsequently replaced by 25% (CP25), 50% (CP50), 75% (CP75), and 100% (CP100) FRM in a recirculated aquiculture system for 9 weeks (30 fish per tank in triplicates). The results showed that the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index of fish in both CP75 and CP100 groups were significantly lower than those in CP0 group (P < 0.05). The fish in CP100 group had the lower content of muscle crude protein while the higher level of muscle crude lipid (P < 0.05). Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase along with total triglyceride in CP100 group were significantly higher than those in CP0 group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of liver protease, amylase, and lipase among five groups (P > 0.05). The activities of liver total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase exhibited the increased tendency with the increase of FRM replacement levels from 25 to 50% (P < 0.05), while then significantly decreased from 75 to 100% (P < 0.05). Histological morphology indicated that the fish in between CP75 and CP100 groups had poor liver and intestine health. Intestinal microbial diversity analysis showed that the relative abundance of Cetobacterium and Alcaligenaceae in both CP75 and CP100 groups were lower than that in other three groups. In conclusion, the maximum replacement level of soybean meal with FRM in the diet was determined to be 50% without compromising the growth performance, antioxidant status, and liver and intestinal health of tilapia under the current experimental conditions. The observed decrease in food intake and subsequent retarded growth performance in the CP75 and CP100 groups can be attributed directly to a reduction in feed palatability caused by FRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxue Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixue Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Peng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Tian
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Deng Z, Kim SW. Opportunities and Challenges of Soy Proteins with Different Processing Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:569. [PMID: 38790674 PMCID: PMC11117726 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) is a prevailing plant protein supplement in animal diets because of its nutritional value and availability. This review paper explores the significance of SBM and processed soy products, emphasizing their nutritional and bioactive components, such as isoflavones and soyasaponins. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are associated with a reduced prevalence of chronic diseases. However, the presence of antinutritional compounds in SBM presents a significant challenge. The paper evaluates various processing methods, including ethanol/acid wash, enzyme treatment, and fermentation, which are aimed at enhancing the nutritional value of soy products. It highlights the significance to maintain a balance between nutritional enhancement and the preservation of beneficial bioactive compounds, emphasizing the importance of different processing techniques to fully exploit the health benefits of soy-based products. Therefore, this review illuminates the complex balance between nutritional improvement, bioactive compound preservation, and the overall health implications of soy products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Wei Z, Xu L, Guo Y, Guo B, Lu C, Sun W, Li Y, Jiang X, Li X, Pi Y. Evaluation of Available Energy and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Fermented Flaxseed Meal for Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:228. [PMID: 38254397 PMCID: PMC10812548 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed meal (FSM) is a byproduct of flaxseed oil extraction which has rich nutritional value and can be used as a high-quality new protein ingredient. However, the anti-nutrient factor (ANF) in FSM restricts its potential application in feed. The strategy of microbial fermentation is a highly effective approach to reducing ANF in FSM and enhancing its feeding value. However, evaluation of the nutritional value of fermented flaxseed meal (FFSM) in growing pigs has not yet been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of FFSM in growing pigs and comparison of the effect of fermentation treatment on improving the nutritional value of FSM. Two experiments were conducted to determine the available energy value, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and standard ileal digestibility of amino acids of FSM and FFSM in growing pigs. The results showed as follows: (1) Fermentation treatment increased the levels of crude protein (CP), Ca and P in FSM by 2.86%, 9.54% and 4.56%, while decreasing the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) by 34.09% and 12.71%, respectively (p < 0.05); The degradation rate of CGs in FSM was 54.09% (p < 0.05); (2) The digestible energy (DE) and metabolic energy (ME) of FSM and FFSM were 14.54 MJ/kg, 16.68 MJ/kg and 12.85 MJ/kg, 15.24 MJ/kg, respectively; (3) Compared with FSM, dietary FFSM supplementation significantly increased the apparent digestibility of CP, NDF, ADF, Ca, and P of growing pigs (p < 0.05) and significantly increased the standard ileal digestibility of methionine (p < 0.05). These results indicate that fermentation treatment could effectively enhance the nutritional value of FSM and provide basic theoretical data for the application of FFSM in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.W.); (L.X.); (Y.G.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.W.); (L.X.); (Y.G.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Yao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.W.); (L.X.); (Y.G.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Zhangjiakou Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; (B.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- Zhangjiakou Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; (B.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.W.); (L.X.); (Y.G.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Yanpin Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.W.); (L.X.); (Y.G.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Xianren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.W.); (L.X.); (Y.G.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Xilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.W.); (L.X.); (Y.G.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
- Zhangjiakou Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; (B.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Yu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.W.); (L.X.); (Y.G.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (X.J.)
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Deng Z, Duarte ME, Kim SY, Hwang Y, Kim SW. Comparative effects of soy protein concentrate, enzyme-treated soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:89. [PMID: 37393326 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy protein supplements, with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors, are produced from soybean meal by different processes. This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status, intestinal oxidative stress, mucosa-associated microbiota, and growth performance of nursery pigs. METHODS Sixty nursery pigs (6.6 ± 0.5 kg BW) were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks. Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases (P1, P2, and P3). Treatments were: Control (CON), basal diet with fish meal 4%, 2%, and 1%, poultry meal 10%, 8%, and 4%, and blood plasma 4%, 2%, and 1% for P1, P2, and P3, respectively; basal diet with soy protein concentrate (SPC), enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESB), fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus (FSBL), and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus (FSBB), replacing 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4. RESULTS The SPC did not affect the BW, ADG, and G:F, whereas it tended to reduce (P = 0.094) the ADFI and tended to increase (P = 0.091) crypt cell proliferation. The ESM did not affect BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F, whereas tended to decrease (P = 0.098) protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa. The FSBL decreased (P < 0.05) BW and ADG, increased (P < 0.05) TNF-α, and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA (P = 0.065) and IgG (P = 0.089) in jejunal mucosa. The FSBB tended to increase (P = 0.073) TNF-α, increased (P < 0.05) Clostridium and decreased (P < 0.05) Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Soy protein concentrate, enzyme-treated soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33% until 7 kg body weight, up to 67% from 7 to 11 kg body weight, and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs. Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus, however, increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Deng
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Determination and prediction of digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in barley for growing pig. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Feng G, Li R, Jiang X, Yang G, Tian M, Xiang Q, Liu X, Ouyang Q, Long C, Huang R, Yin Y. Prediction of available energy and amino acid digestibility of Chinese sorghum fed to growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad262. [PMID: 37535866 PMCID: PMC10576514 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), as well as the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in 10 sorghum samples fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 22 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace, Initial body weight [BW]: 70.0 ± 1.8 kg) were selected and allotted to a replicated 11 × 3 incomplete Latin square design, including a basal diet and 10 sorghum energy diets and three consecutive periods. Each period had 7 d adaptation and 5 d total feces and urine collection. The DE and ME were determined by the total collection and the difference method. In experiment 2, 22 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace, Initial BW: 41.3 ± 1.2 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were assigned to a replicated 11 × 3 incomplete Latin square design, including an N-free diet and 10 sorghum diets. Each period had 5 d adaptation and 2 d ileal digesta collection. The basal endogenous N losses were measured by the N-free diet method. All diets in experiment 2 were added 0.30% titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker for calculating the ileal CP and AA digestibility. On an as-fed basis, the DE and ME contents in sorghum were 3,410 kcal/kg (2,826 to 3,794 kcal/kg) and 3,379 kcal/kg (2,785 to 3,709 kcal/kg), respectively. The best-fit prediction equation for DE and ME were DE = 6,267.945 - (1,271.154 × % tannin) - (1,109.720 × % ash) (R2 = 0.803) and ME = 51.263 + (0.976 × DE) (R2 = 0.994), respectively. The SID of CP, Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp (SIDCP, SIDLys, SIDMet, SIDThr, and SIDTrp) in 10 sorghum samples were 78.48% (69.56% to 84.23%), 74.27% (61.11% to 90.60%), 92.07% (85.16% to 95.40%), 75.46% (66.39% to 80.80%) and 87.99% (84.21% to 92.37%), respectively. The best prediction equations for SID of CP and the first four limiting AAs were as following: SIDCP = 93.404 - (21.026 × % tannin) (R2 = 0.593), SIDCP = 42.922 - (4.011 × % EE) + (151.774 × % Met) (R2 = 0.696), SIDLys = 129.947 - (670.760 × % Trp) (R2 = 0.821), SIDMet = 111.347 - (232.298 × % Trp) (R2 = 0.647), SIDThr = 55.187 + (3.851 × % ADF) (R2 = 0.609) and SIDTrp = 95.676 - (10.824 × % tannin) (R2 = 0.523), respectively. Overall, tannin and ash are the first and second predictors of DE and ME values of sorghum, respectively, and the tannin, EE, Trp, ash, CF, and ADF can be used as the key predictors for SID of CP and first four limiting AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganyi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xianji Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingzhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cimin Long
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Wu S, Bhat ZF, Gounder RS, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Al-Juhaimi FY, Ding Y, Bekhit AEDA. Effect of Dietary Protein and Processing on Gut Microbiota—A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030453. [PMID: 35276812 PMCID: PMC8840478 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of diet on the composition of gut microbiota and the consequent impact on disease risk have been of expanding interest. The present review focuses on current insights of changes associated with dietary protein-induced gut microbial populations and examines their potential roles in the metabolism, health, and disease of animals. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol was used, and 29 highly relevant articles were obtained, which included 6 mouse studies, 7 pig studies, 15 rat studies, and 1 in vitro study. Analysis of these studies indicated that several factors, such as protein source, protein content, dietary composition (such as carbohydrate content), glycation of protein, processing factors, and protein oxidation, affect the digestibility and bioavailability of dietary proteins. These factors can influence protein fermentation, absorption, and functional properties in the gut and, consequently, impact the composition of gut microbiota and affect human health. While gut microbiota can release metabolites that can affect host physiology either positively or negatively, the selection of quality of protein and suitable food processing conditions are important to have a positive effect of dietary protein on gut microbiota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zuhaib F. Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India;
| | - Rochelle S. Gounder
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.M.A.); (F.Y.A.-J.)
| | - Fahad Y. Al-Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.M.A.); (F.Y.A.-J.)
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
| | - Alaa E. -D. A. Bekhit
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
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Hou G, Peng W, Wei L, Li R, Huang X, Yin Y. Probiotics and Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides Improve Growth Performance via Promoting Intestinal Nutrient Utilization and Enhancing Immune Function of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092617. [PMID: 34573583 PMCID: PMC8467685 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is frequent to see that in-feed antibiotics are added to piglets diets because of their enteric problems after weaning. However, in-feed antibiotics have been forbidden to used in livestock production since 1 July 2020 in China. Therefore, it is urgent to develop some promising alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Probiotics and plant extracts are considered to be the potential replacements, which have been studied or applied in animal production. In our study, we found that probiotic or Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides used alone or in combination, the combination augmenting the positive effect more than the independent supplement, could improve piglets’ growth performance via promoting intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption and enhancing immune funtion, and the beneficial role was comparable to that of the selected in-feed antibiotics. Abstract The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and immune function of weaned pigs. One hundred and twenty weaned pigs (about 7 kg BW, 23 ± 2 d) were allotted to five dietary treatments (CON: antibiotics-free basal diet; ANT: CON + antibiotics; PRO: CON + probiotics; ABPS: CON + Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides; P-ABPS: PRO + ABPS) for a 28-day trial. Compared with CON, pigs in ANT, PRO, ABPS, and P-ABPS had greater (p < 0.05) ADG, ATTD of CP and GE, serum ALB, IgA and IL-2, duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte, ileal VH and jejunal mucosa sIgA, but lower (p < 0.05) fecal scores, serum BUN, and IL-1β. Meanwhile, ANT, PRO, ABPS, and P-ABPS exhibited similar beneficial roles on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, serum parameters, and immune function. Interestingly, P-ABPS effects were similar to those obtained with ANT rather than with PRO or ABPS. In conclusion, Dietary PRO or ABPS used alone or in combination (P-ABPS), the combination augmenting the positive effect more than the independent supplement, could improve piglets’ growth performance via promoting intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption and enhancing immune function, indicating it had the potential to act as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics used in piglet diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.H.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.P.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.P.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Liangkai Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.P.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0731-8461-9750
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.P.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (G.H.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.P.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
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Nguyen HP, Van Do T, Tran Thi NT, Trieu TA. Ethanol-soluble components in soybean meal influence the digestive physiology, hepatic and intestinal morphologies, and growth performance of the marine fish pompano (Trachinotus blochii). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:766-776. [PMID: 33368672 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of ethanol-soluble components (Es) in soybean meal (SBM) on gut content transit, bile acid (BA) and pancreatic digestive enzyme secretions, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), liver and intestinal morphologies, and growth performance of pompano (Trachinotus blochii). The SBM was extracted with aqueous ethanol, then the supernatant and residue were separated and dried to produce ethanol-extracted SBM (ESBM) and the Es. Four experimental diets were formulated with fish meal (FM), ESBM and SBM as main dietary protein sources. The diets were denoted as follows: FMD (FM diet), SBMD (SBM diet), ESBMD (ESBM diet) and ESBM + EsD (ESBM plus Es diet). Thirty-five fingerling pompano with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.3 g were allocated to each of 12 polyvinyl chloride tanks (1000-L holding capacity), resulting in triplicate tanks per dietary treatment. For 10 weeks, the fish were hand-fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily. The results showed that the final BW, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly lower, while the feed conversion ratio was higher in the SBMD and ESBM + EsD groups than in the ESBMD and FMD groups (p < 0.05). Fish fed SBMD and ESBM + EsD showed accelerated gastric transit, slowed intestinal mobility, and lowered secretions of BAs and pancreatic digestive enzymes as compared to those fed ESBMD and FMD. Morphological abnormalities in mucosal folds of the posterior intestine, but not the liver, were clearly observed in the SBMD and ESBM + EsD groups. These results indicated that the Es in SBM inhibited the digestive system, leading to decreased nutrient digestibility and growth performance in pompano. The findings of the present study suggested that removal of the Es would effectively improve the nutritional quality of SBM and enhance growth performance of pompano fed a SBM-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thinh Van Do
- Centre for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Tuson, Bacninh, Vietnam
| | - Nang Thu Tran Thi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Anh Trieu
- Department of Genetics - Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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11
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The Potential of Locally-Sourced European Protein Sources for Organic Monogastric Production: A Review of Forage Crop Extracts, Seaweed, Starfish, Mussel, and Insects. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic monogastric agriculture is challenged because of a limited availability of regional and organic protein-rich ingredients to fulfill the amino acid requirements. The development of novel feed ingredients is therefore essential. The use of starfish (Asterias rubens), mussel (Mytilus edilus), insect, green and brown seaweed, and forage crop extracts exhibits different approaches to increase protein availability in a sustainable manner through improving the protein quality of existing ingredients, better use of under- or unutilized material, or development of circular bioeconomy. This review assessed limitations and opportunities of producing, processing, and using these novel ingredients in feed. The use of non-renewable resources and the effect on the environment of production and processing the feed ingredients are described. Protein concentration and amino acid quality of the feed ingredients are evaluated to understand their substitution potential compared with protein-rich soya bean and fishmeal. Feedstuffs’ effect on digestibility and animal performance is summarized. With the exception of seaweed, all novel ingredients show potential to partly substitute fishmeal or soya bean fulfilling part of the protein requirement in organic monogastric production. However, improvements during production and processing can be made to enhance protein quality, sustainability of the novel ingredients, and nutrient utilization of novel feed ingredients.
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12
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Petry A, Gould S, Patience J. A procedure for dual simple t-cannulation in the small intestine of pigs using a single right flank laparotomy. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2020.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Singular cannulation in the small intestine of pigs is a common methodology for studying nutrient digestibility, delivering compounds into the gastrointestinal tract, or repeated tissue and digesta sampling. In that respect, it is an important tool for nutritionists and researchers. However, there is a dearth of detailed methodologies describing multiple intestinal cannulations using modern techniques. The objective of this experiment was to develop a single right flank laparotomy technique that allowed for imsertion of multiple cannulas in the small intestine, with minimal variation, and allowed for externalisation of both cannulas on the same lateral side as the laparotomy. Thirty gilts (L337 × Camborough) with an initial body weight of 30.2±0.78 kg underwent the procedure. Each gilt was equipped with a simple t-cannula in the terminal ileum, approximately 10 cm cranial to the ileocecal valve, and a second t-cannula in the jejunum 240 cm distal from where the duodenum is visually posterior to the transverse colon. The procedure used hallmarks of commonly implemented terminal ileal cannulation techniques, but modified the laparotomy location and cannula externalisation sites and used a novel approach for determining the more proximal cannula location to mitigate the need of a second laparotomy. Gilts were allowed to recover for a minimum of 7 d and were used for an average of 67 days in subsequent experimental trials. Cannula longevity was from 30 to 73 kg of body weight. Pigs were necropsied for surgical site gross examination and small intestine measurements at the end of the experiment. The jejunal cannula had a mean placement of 298.90±9.96 cm distal to the pyloric sphincter with a coefficient of variation of 3.33%. Hence, this procedure provided a single laparotomy technique for obtaining digesta from multiple locations of the small intestine, with minimal variation in proximal cannula placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.L. Petry
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Kildee Hall, 806 Stange Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - S.A. Gould
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Kildee Hall, 806 Stange Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - J.F. Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Kildee Hall, 806 Stange Road, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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13
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Li R, Chang L, Hou G, Song Z, Fan Z, He X, Hou DX. Colonic Microbiota and Metabolites Response to Different Dietary Protein Sources in a Piglet Model. Front Nutr 2019; 6:151. [PMID: 31616670 PMCID: PMC6768948 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein sources have the potential to affect the colon microbiome of piglets that will subsequently have a large impact on metabolic capabilities and hindgut health. This study explored the effects of different protein sources on the growth performance, diarrhea rate, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP), colonic mucin chemotypes, colonic microbiome, and microbial metabolites of piglets. Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into four groups that received isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing either Palbio 50 RD (P50), Soyppt-50% (S50), concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), or fish meal (FM) as the sole protein source. The experimental diets did not affect the estimated daily gain (EDG), but P50 increased fecal score compared with S50 and CDCP. CDCP increased, but P50 reduced AID of CP in comparison to FM and S50. S50 and CDCP increased the amount of mixed neutral-acidic mucins relative to P50. Venn analysis identified unique OTUs in the P50 (13), CDCP (74), FM (39), and S50 (31) groups. The protein sources did not change the colonic bacterial richness or diversity. High Escherichia abundance in the P50 and FM, great abundant of Lactobacillus in the CDCP, and high Gemmiger abundance in the S50 were found. The CDCP tended to elevate valeric acid and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) concentrations compared with the other diets. The P50 and FM groups had greater ammonia nitrogen and methylamine contents than the S50 and CDCP groups. There was a positive correlation between the Escherichia and ammonia nitrogen, the Lactobacillus and short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and a negative correlation between the Gemmige and BCFA. These findings suggested short-term feeding of different protein sources did not affect the piglets' growth, but P50 increased the diarrhea rate. Potential pathogenic bacteria and detrimental metabolites appeared in the colons of piglets fed P50 and FM, whereas, beneficial effects were conferred upon piglets fed CDCP and S50, thus indicating that available plant proteins (cotton seed, soy) added to the diets of piglets enhanced colon health by reducing protein fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Gaifeng Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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14
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Li R, Hou G, Jiang X, Song Z, Fan Z, Hou DX, He X. Different dietary protein sources in low protein diets regulate colonic microbiota and barrier function in a piglet model. Food Funct 2019; 10:6417-6428. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01154d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein fermentation has an adverse effect on colonic health; high-quality proteins and reducing the protein level (protein restriction) can effectively decrease the amount of proteins flowing into the colon for microbial protein fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety
| | - Gaifeng Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety
| | - Xiaodie Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety
| | - De-Xing Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety
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