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Oladipupo AA, Stuart KR, Bruce TJ, Drawbridge MA, Davis DA. Practical diets for California yellowtail, Seriola dorsalis: Use of advanced soybean meal products on growth performance, body composition, intestinal morphology, and immune gene expression. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304679. [PMID: 38848345 PMCID: PMC11161020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
California yellowtail (CYT), Seriola dorsalis, is a promising candidate for aquaculture due to its rapid growth and high-quality flesh, particularly in markets like Japan, Australia, China, and the United States. Soy protein has shown success as a replacement for marine protein sources in CYT diets, reducing fishmeal levels, though concerns about potential intestinal inflammation persist with the inclusion of solvent-extracted soybean meal. To address this, processing strategies like fractionation, enzymatic treatment, heat treatment, and microbial fermentation have been employed to mitigate the negative impacts of soybean meal on fish nutrition and immune systems. This study focuses on optimizing soybean meal inclusion levels by incorporating advanced soy variants into CYT diets. The eight-week feeding trial, conducted in a recirculation system, featured six diets with sequential inclusion levels (0, 50, 100%) of high protein low oligosaccharide soybean meal (Bright Day, Benson Hill, St Louis, MO) and enzyme-treated soybean meal (HP 300, Hamlet Protein Inc., Findlay, OH), replacing solvent-extracted soybean. The study compares these formulations against a soy-free animal protein-based diet. At the end of the trial, fish were sampled for growth performance, body proximate composition, intestinal morphology, and immune response from gut samples. Results showed consistent FCR (P = 0.775), weight gain (P = 0.242), and high survival rate (99.4 ± 0.5%) among dietary treatments (P>0.05). Histological evaluations revealed no gut inflammation and gene expression analysis demonstrated no significant variations in immune, physiological, and digestive markers apn (P = 0.687), mga (P = 0.397), gpx1 (P = 0.279), atpase (P = 0.590), il1β (P = 0.659). The study concludes that incorporating advanced soybean meal products, replacing up to 20% of fishmeal does not negatively affect CYT's growth and intestinal health. This suggests that all three soy sources, contributing 35% of total protein (15.4 g 100 g-1 diet), can be included in practical diets without compromising CYT's intestinal integrity or growth. These findings have positive implications for the commercial production of CYT and future research on the incorporation of plant-based proteins in aquaculture diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik A. Oladipupo
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Stuart
- Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Bruce
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Drawbridge
- Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - D. Allen Davis
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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Wang P, Wang S, Zhu C, Sun Y, Yan Q, Yi G. Monascus purpureus M-32 fermented soybean meal improves the growth, immunity parameters, intestinal morphology, disease resistance, intestinal microbiota and metabolome in Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:283-296. [PMID: 38800738 PMCID: PMC11127234 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Monascus purpureus M-32 fermented soybean meal (MFSM) on growth, immunity, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal metabolome of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four groups of diets were formulated, including control group (30% fish meal and 30% soybean meal [SBM] included in the basal diet) and three experimental groups which MFSM replaced 20% (MFSM20), 40% (MFSM40), and 60% (MFSM60) of SBM in control group, respectively. Results showed that the soluble proteins larger than 49 kDa in MFSM were almost completely degraded. Meanwhile, the crude protein, acid-soluble protein, and amino acid in MFSM were increased. The results of shrimp culture experiment showed that the replacement of SBM with MFSM decreased FCR (P < 0.001) and content of malondialdehyde (P = 0.007) in the experimental groups, and increased weight gain rate (P = 0.006), specific growth rate (P = 0.002), survival rate (P = 0.005), intestinal villus height (P < 0.001), myenteric thickness (P = 0.002), the activities of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.002), and lysozyme (P = 0.006) in experimental groups, as well as increased content of calcium (Ca2+) and phosphorus (PO 4 3 - ) in blood and muscle, and enhanced resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. The gut microbiota of MFSM groups was significantly different from that of the control group, and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia increased significantly in the MFSM60 group, whereas Proteobacteria and Firmicutes decreased. Compared with the control group, there were significant changes in the levels of several intestinal metabolites in the MFSM60 group, including leukotriene C5, prostaglandin A1, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, carnosine, and itaconic acid. The fermentation of SBM by the strain M. purpureus M-32 has the potential to enhance the nutritional quality of SBM, promote the growth of L. vannamei, boost immune response, improve intestinal morphology and microbiota composition, as well as influence intestinal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian DBN Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzou, Fujian 363500, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian DBN Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzou, Fujian 363500, China
| | - Chuanzhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian DBN Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzou, Fujian 363500, China
| | - Yunzhang Sun
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian DBN Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzou, Fujian 363500, China
- Fantastic Victory (Shenzhen) Technological Innovation Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, China
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Tan K, Bian Z, Liang H, Hu W, Xia M, Han S, Chen B. Enzymolytic soybean meal-impact on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidative capacity, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1381823. [PMID: 38585301 PMCID: PMC10995376 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymolytic soybean meal (ESBM) enriches free amino acids and small peptides, while mitigating anti-nutritional factors. Substituting soybean meal with ESBM enhances animal performance, though optimal piglet dietary supplementation levels vary. The present study aimed to assess the impact of ESBM on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidative capacity and intestinal health of weaned piglets. A total of 120 piglets (initial body weight, 7.0 ± 0.4 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 dietary groups, each comprising 5 replicates with 6 piglets per replicate. The control group received the basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed diets containing 2, 4% or 8% ESBM as a replacement for soybean meal over 28 days. Compared with the control group, piglets supplemented with 4% ESBM exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) in average daily gain and the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and gross energy (p < 0.05), alongside a notable decrease (p < 0.05) in diarrhea incidence. Fed ESBM linearly increased (p < 0.05) the villus height in the ileum of piglets. The levels of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in serum of piglets increased (p < 0.05) in the 2 and 4% ESBM groups, while diamine oxidase content decreased (p < 0.05) in the 4 and 8% ESBM group. ESBM inclusion also upregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), Catalase (CAT) and claudin-1 mRNA. In terms of cecal fermentation characteristics, ESBM supplementation resulted in a increase (p < 0.05) in valerate content and a linear rise (p < 0.05) in propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids levels, accompanied by a decrease (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of tryptamine and NH3 in cecal digesta. ESBM had no discernible effect on cecal microbial composition. In summary, substitution of soybean meal with ESBM effectively improved the growth performance of piglets by enhancing nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier and cecal microbial fermentation characteristics, with the optimal replacement level identified at 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuaijuan Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Ma Y, Su Z, Chen F, Xu C, Jiang K, An W, Zhang G, Xie D, Wang S, Dong Y, Li Y. Terrestrial Compound Protein Replacing Dietary Fishmeal Improved Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune Response, Intestinal Microflora Composition, and Protein Metabolism of Golden Pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2716724. [PMID: 37829512 PMCID: PMC10567510 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2716724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial compound protein (Cpro) can be potentially used to replace fishmeal (FM) in the marine carnivorous teleost, golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Four isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (12%) diets named FM30, AP80, PP80, and CP80 were formulated. FM30 (control) contained 30% FM and 25% basic protein, while AP80, PP80, and CP80 only contained 6% FM, where 80% FM and 25% basic protein of control diet were completely replaced by animal protein, plant protein, and Cpro, respectively. After golden pompano juveniles (initial weight: 10.32 ± 0.09 g) were, respectively, fed the four diets in floating sea cages for 10 weeks, the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, and immune responses, protein metabolism indices of the CP80 group were similar to or better than those of the FM30 group (P > 0.05), and significantly better than those of the AP80 and PP80 groups. Specifically, the weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) contents of serum, mRNA level of interleukin-10 (il-10), zonula occludens-2 (zo-2), claudin-3, claudin-12, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eif4g) were significantly higher, and the activity of α-amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS) in the foregut and midgut, interleukin-8 (il-8) expression in the intestine was significantly lower than that in the CP80 group, compared with those in AP80 and PP80 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the intestinal microflora composition of golden pompano fed with the CP80 diet was improved. Specifically, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of harmful bacterial strains cyanobacteria and TM7 of CP80 group was similar to those of FM30 group (P > 0.05), but was significantly lower than those of AP80 and PP80 groups (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the beneficial bacterial strains Agrobacterium and Blantia of CP80 group were also similar to those of FM30 group (P < 0.05), which were significantly higher than those of AP80 and PP80 groups, but the beneficial bacterial strains Bifidobacterium and Devosia of CP80 group were significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Besides, in diet CP80, the contents of amino acids and anti-nutritional factor, as well as the in vitro digestion rate were comparable to those of FM30, and the anti-nutritional factor content was between AP80 and PP80; total essential amino acids (EAAs) and methionine contents were higher than those in AP80, the glycine content was higher than that in PP80. Taken together, these results indicated that the CP80 diet had better amino acid composition and relatively low content of anti-nutritional factors, as well as high-digestion rate, and thus leads to the fish fed CP80 displaying improved effects in digestive enzyme activity, immune response, protein metabolism, and intestinal microbiota composition, which may be the important reasons to explain why that 80% of FM can be replaced by Cpro in the diet of golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Ma
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zeliang Su
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kunsheng Jiang
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenqiang An
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guanrong Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Qiu Z, Zhao J, Xie D, de Cruz CR, Zhao J, Xu H, Xu Q. Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Enzymatic Cottonseed Protein on the Growth Performance, Immunity, Antioxidation, and Intestinal Health of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:6628805. [PMID: 37266415 PMCID: PMC10232096 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6628805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The dietary effects of replacing fish meal with enzymatic cottonseed protein (ECP) on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, and intestinal health of Chinese soft-shelled turtles have not been explored. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted with a quadruplicated group of turtles (3.44 ± 0.01 g) that were randomly assigned to 16 cages (0.6 m × 0.6 m × 0.6 m) with 30 turtles that were stocked in each cage. Four dietary groups were fed with diets supplemented with 0, 2%, 4%, and 6% (ECP0 group (control group), ECP2 group, ECP4 group, ECP6 group) of enzymatic cottonseed protein replacing fishmeal. The present study illustrated that the final weight and WG in the ECP2 and ECP4 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The ECP2, ECP4, and ECP6 groups significantly reduced the feed coefficient (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the SGR (P < 0.05). The serum TP and ALB of the ECP4 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The ECP2, ECP4, and ECP6 groups significantly increased the activity of intestinal pepsin (P < 0.05), and the activity of intestinal lipase of the EPC4 group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The intestinal villus height of the EPC4 group and EPC6 group, the villus width of the EPC2 group and EPC4 group, and the intestinal muscle thickness of the EPC4 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). At the same time, replacing fishmeal with enzymatic cottonseed protein also affected the intestinal inflammation-related genes compared with the control group. Besides that, the expression of the IL-10 gene in the experimental group was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the expression of TNF-α and IL-8 genes in the ECP2 group and TNF-α and IL-1β genes in the ECP4 group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). In summary, replacing fish meal with enzymatic cottonseed protein positively affects the growth, immunity, and intestinal health of Chinese soft-shelled turtles. The appropriate proportion of enzymatic cottonseed protein to replace fish meal in turtle feed is 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsheng Qiu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jiantao Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Jindadi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 311800, China
| | - Dazhang Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Jindadi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 311800, China
| | - Clement R. de Cruz
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
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Nandi SK, Suma AY, Rashid A, Kabir MA, Goh KW, Abdul Kari Z, Van Doan H, Zakaria NNA, Khoo MI, Seong Wei L. The Potential of Fermented Water Spinach Meal as a Fish Meal Replacement and the Impacts on Growth Performance, Reproduction, Blood Biochemistry and Gut Morphology of Female Stinging Catfish ( Heteropneustes fossilis). Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13010176. [PMID: 36676125 PMCID: PMC9863030 DOI: 10.3390/life13010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and development of a new plant-based feed ingredient as an alternative protein source to FM have gained the interest of the aquafeed industrial players. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the physical, biochemical, and bacteriological properties of dietary FWM and the impacts on the growth and reproductive performances of farmed female stinging catfish, H. fossilis broodstock. Five experimental diets were formulated with different FWM inclusion (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). Fatty acid profiles such as 4:0, 10:0, 20:0, 21:0, 22:0, 24:0, 20:1n9, 18:3n6, 20:3n6, 20:4n6, and 22:6n3 were found in higher levels in FWM compared to the water spinach meal (WM). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the physical properties of the FWM experimental diets (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the experimental feed with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% FWM were more palatable to the broodstock than 100% FWM. The number of total bacteria (TB) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in catfish diets exhibited a rising trend with an increase in FWM, while 50% of FWM-fed fish intestines had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher TB and LAB than other treatment groups. The growth, feed utilization, and reproductive variables of H. fossilis were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by FWM inclusion at various levels. Moreover, the significantly (p < 0.05) highest oocytes weight, fertilization, egg ripeness, and ovipositor diameter were observed in the treatment of 50% FWM diet treatment group. In addition, the spawning response was 100% in all treatments except for the control group (66.67%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the hematological and serum biochemical indices in most treatment groups. In addition, the histological analysis of H. fossilis midintestinal tissue indicated that the fish fed with a 50% FWM diet had an unbroken epithelial barrier with more goblet cell arrangements and a well-organized villi structure and tunica muscularis compared to other treatment groups. These outcomes suggested that FWM at 50% inclusion is an adequate protein supplement for fish feed, resulting in better growth, reproductive performance, and health of H. fossilis broodstock development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Kumar Nandi
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Yeasmin Suma
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Aminur Rashid
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Anamul Kabir
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.A.K.); (K.W.G.); (Z.A.K.)
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.A.K.); (K.W.G.); (Z.A.K.)
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.A.K.); (K.W.G.); (Z.A.K.)
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 HuayKeaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nik Nur Azwanida Zakaria
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Department of Agro-Based Industry, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
| | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
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Kong F, Wu F, Liu Y, Lai N, Wang G, Shen S, Han S, Li B, Zhi Y, Chen S, Chen B. Effects of enzymolytic soybean meal on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, some serum indexes, carcase performance and meat quality of Rex rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2109521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangen Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Fengyang Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ningjie Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Guozhou Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuaifeng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuaijuan Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bin Li
- Qinhuangdao Qihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yongwei Zhi
- Inner Mongolia Dongda Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ordos, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Zhang Q, Liang H, Xu P, Xu G, Zhang L, Wang Y, Ren M, Chen X. Effects of Enzymatic Cottonseed Protein Concentrate as a Feed Protein Source on the Growth, Plasma Parameters, Liver Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Status of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Metabolites 2022; 12:1233. [PMID: 36557271 PMCID: PMC9781596 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study appraised the impact of enzymatic cottonseed protein concentrate (ECP) as a fish meal (FM) substitute on the growth and health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (initial weight 14.99 ± 0.03 g). Five diets with equal nitrogen, fat, and energy were designed to replace 0%, 7.78%, 15.56%, 23.33%, and 31.11% FM by adding 0%, 3.6%, 7.2%, 10.8%, and 14.4% ECP, named ECP0, ECP3.6, ECP7.2, ECP10.8, and ECP14.4, respectively. We fed 300 fish with five experimental diets for 60 days. The results revealed that weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) did not notably reduce until the addition of ECP exceeded 7.2%. The proximate composition of fish was not affected by the amount of ECP added in diets. Plasma total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations increased with the increase of ECP dosage, while the triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity showed an opposite trend. For hepatic antioxidant capacity, the hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, glutathione (GSH) content, and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and CAT were increased by ECP, while the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the expression of kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were decreased. With regard to inflammation, the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were inhibited by ECP. In summary, the amount of ECP added to diet can reach 7.2% to replace 15.56% FM without hampering the growth of largemouth bass, and ECP can improve the antioxidant and immune capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qile Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610093, China
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Yu X, Luo K, Rao W, Chen P, Lei K, Liu C, Cui Z, Zhang W, Mai K. Effects of replacing dietary fish meal with enzyme-treated soybean meal on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, immunity and mTOR pathway in abalone Haliotis discus hannai. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:9-21. [PMID: 36084886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In addition to eliminating most of the anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal, enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM) can also increase the proportion of small peptides. It was found that ESBM can replace fish meal (FM) either partially or completely in diets for some fish and shrimp species. In the present study, the effects of replacing dietary FM with ESBM on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, immunity and mTOR pathway in abalone Haliotis discus hannai (initial weight: 16.75 ± 0.09 g) were investigated after a 100-day feeding trial. Five experimental diets were designed to replace 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of dietary FM by ESBM, which were named as ESBM0 (control), ESBM25, ESBM50, ESBM75 and ESBM100, respectively. Results showed that ESBM could replace up to 75% of FM in the diet without significant effect on the weight gain rate (WGR, 118.05%-124.16%) of abalone. The increasing dietary ESBM levels significantly decreased the trypsin activity from 418.52 to 286.52 U/mg protein in the digestive gland. No significant differences in the contents of total cholesterol (T-CHO), ammonia (BLA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cell-free hemolymph were observed among the groups with replacement levels of dietary FM by ESBM from 0% to 75%. Excessive replacement level of FM with ESBM (ESBM100) significantly increased the MDA content (2.33 nmol/mg prot.) and pro-inflammatory-related gene expression in digestive gland. Compared with the control group, the mTOR pathway in muscle was significantly upregulated in the ESBM75 group. The digestive gland in the ESBM100 group contained more golden refractile spherules than those in the other groups. The abundance of intestinal microbes such as Halomonas, Zobellella and Bacillus was decreased in the ESBM100 group. In conclusion, up to 75% of replacement of dietary FM by ESBM had no negative effects on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, immunity and mTOR pathway of abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wanxiu Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Keke Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhengyi Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
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10
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Schwepe C, Wojno M, Molinari GS, Kwasek K. Effects of applying nutritional programming at different early stages of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Lacepède) development on growth and dietary plant protein utilization. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1431-1443. [PMID: 36066244 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant protein (PP) utilization in fish is limited due to lower digestibility compared to fishmeal (FM) and the presence of antinutritional factors. Its utilization can be improved by nutritional programming (NP), a method wherein a fish is provided a nutritional stimulus early in life which can alter their physiology. NP has been shown to be effective but methods of applying NP are varied and have been applied at different stages of development with different outcomes. To find the optimal timeframe to perform NP in fish early stages Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Lacepède) were nutritionally programmed at three different ages in early development. In this study bass were programmed with: (1) live food enriched with soybean meal (SBM) from 6 to 15 days post-hatch (dph) (NPL), (2) SBM-based formulated diet from 16 to 25 dph (NPD1) and (3) formulated SBM-diet from 26 to 35 dph (NPD2). After programming, each group was fed FM-diet before being refed SBM-diet from 100 to 172 dph. A positive control (PC) was fed FM-diet throughout. Final average body weight of PC was significantly higher than NPD1 and NPD2 but did not significantly differ from NPL. Overall NPL showed much improved growth and utilization of PP compared to NPD1 and was similar to growth achieved by PC. This study showed an optimum window of time exists wherein NP of Largemouth bass yields the best impact on growth in the larval stage and later in life when fed SBM-diet. Programming should be performed right after mouth opening using enriched live food and can result in growth similar to non-programmed fish fed FM-based diet. Programming effects similar to that of the live food approach can be achieved with formulated diet, however it is crucial that Largemouth bass are of a proper age and sufficiently developed when programmed with dry food or severe impacts on growth can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Schwepe
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Giovanni S Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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11
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Li W, Pan L, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Yang Q, Chi S, Zhang S, Xie R. Effects of the Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of Litopenaeus Vannamei fed with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) replacement of fishmeal in diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:283-291. [PMID: 35618172 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum (CB) is a gram-positive bacterium that secretes short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid and so on. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of CB on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Litopenaeus Vannamei fed with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) replacement of fishmeal. Six iso-nitrogenous (40%) and iso-lipidic (6%) diets were formulated including a positive control group (PC, 25% fishmeal), a negative control group (NC, CPC replaced 30% of fishmeal protein), and 0.03% (C1, 3 × 108 CFU/kg), 0.12% (C2, 1.2 × 109 CFU/kg), 0.48% (C3, 4.8 × 109 CFU/kg) and 1.92% (C4, 1.92 × 1010 CFU/kg) CB were supplemented on the negative control group (NC). After the feeding trial, the remaining shrimp in each treatment group were subjected to a challenge experiment with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The results indicated that weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) in C4 group were significantly lower than those in PC and C2 groups (P < 0.05); the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly higher than that of PC and C2 groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in survival rate (SR) among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared to the PC and NC groups, the total superoxide capacity, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme were significantly higher in the C4 group (P < 0.05); the glutathione peroxidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in the C3 group (P < 0.05); and the malondialdehyde was significantly lower in the C4 group (P < 0.05). The relative mRNA expressions of Toll receptor (TLR), innate immune deficiency gene (IMD), penaiedin3a (Pen3) were significantly down-regulated in the NC group than those in the PC group (P < 0.05). In addition, the relative mRNA expressions of TLR, IMD and Pen3 were significantly up-regulated in all groups supplemented with CB than those in the NC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the cumulative mortality rate in the NC group was not significantly different from the PC group (P > 0.05) and was significantly higher than those in the C3 and C4 groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the CB supplementation on the basis of CPC replacement of 30% fishmeal protein enhanced significantly the antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of shrimp and improved its growth performance. Therefore, considering the factors of the growth, immunity and disease resistance, the CB supplementation of 0.12%-0.48% (1.2 × 109 CFU/kg-4.8 × 109 CFU/kg) was recommended in the diet of L. vannamei based on the results of this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co.Ltd, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Ling Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Ruitao Xie
- Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co.Ltd, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
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de Oliveira NS, Ha N, da Cunha L, Cipriani LA, Neto AT, Skoronski E, Gisbert E, Perez Fabregat TEH. Fermentation of Soybean Meal with Lactobacillus acidophilus Allows Greater Inclusion of Vegetable Protein in the Diet and Can Reduce Vibrionacea in the Intestine of the South American Catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060690. [PMID: 35327087 PMCID: PMC8944494 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a demand to replace fishmeal with protein sources of plant origin in fish feeds. Biotechnology strategies, such as fermentation, can improve the bioavailability of plant proteins and decrease the presence of antinutrients, optimizing the results obtained. Fermented soybean meal has already been evaluated for different fish species as a replacement for fishmeal, and there is evidence that it can improve the intestinal health of animals. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a strain used as a probiotic in fish feeding but it remains to be evaluated as a potential fermentation bacterium for feed ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets containing different inclusion levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28%) of soybean meal fermented by L. acidophilus (SMFL) on the zootechnical performance and intestinal health of South American catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen). The inclusion of SMFL up to 21% in replacement of fish meal did not affect the zootechnical performance of fish and also decreased the concentration of Vibrionaceae bacteria present in the intestine compared to the control group. The results demonstrate that fermentation with L. acidophilus enables greater inclusion of soybean protein in South American catfish diets and promotes the control of intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different inclusion levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28%) of soybean meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (SMFL) on the zootechnical performance and intestinal health of South American catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replications and lasted 56 days. Five isoproteic (39% crude protein) and isoenergetic (4300 kcal of gross energy kg−1) diets were formulated where SMFL was included in replacement of fish meal. Two hundred forty South American catfish juveniles (3.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed in 20 tanks (70 L) connected in a recirculation aquaculture system. At the end of the experiment, the inclusion of SMFL up to 21% in replacement of fish meal did not affect the zootechnical performance and also decreased the concentration of Vibrionaceae bacteria present in the intestine compared to the control group. The amount of total lactic and heterotrophic bacteria, the enzymatic activity and the intestinal morphometry did not differ between dietary treatments. The results demonstrate that fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus enables greater inclusion of soybean protein in South American catfish diets and promotes the control of intestinal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandara Soares de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Natalia Ha
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Larissa da Cunha
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Luiz Augusto Cipriani
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - André Thaler Neto
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Everton Skoronski
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Aquaculture Program, Carretera Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain;
| | - Thiago El Hadi Perez Fabregat
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Chen Q, Zhou Q, Wu F, Zhang R, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Comparative effects of enzymatic soybean, fish meal and milk powder in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:106. [PMID: 34615550 PMCID: PMC8496045 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder (MK) and fish meal (FM) by enzymatic soybean (ESB) in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95 ± 0.46 kg, were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d. Piglets were offered iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows: CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources, ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK, ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM, and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM. Results No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments (P > 0.05). However, piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index (P<0.01), and lower digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) or crude protein (CP), relative to piglets fed CON diet (P < 0.01). Moreover, the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid (BA) (P<0.01). The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity, and the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria, such as g_Peptococcus, g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter. Conclusion The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets, but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index, which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria. However, piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters, indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Enzyme-Treated Soybean Meal Enhanced Performance via Improving Immune Response, Intestinal Morphology and Barrier Function of Nursery Pigs in Antibiotic Free Diets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092600. [PMID: 34573566 PMCID: PMC8471553 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, although extruded full-fat soybean (EFS) and enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM) are both commonly used plant proteins in the diets of nursery pigs, there are few studies focusing on comparing the effect of ESBM and EFS on immune response and gut development of pigs. This study found that ESBM replacing EFS could enhance performance by improving immune response, antioxidant status, gut morphology, and barrier function of nursery pigs in antibiotic free diets. The results revealed that ESBM could be an effective plant protein resource to alleviate weaning stress in pigs. Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of ESBM on performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and intestinal barrier function of nursery pigs in antibiotic free diets compared with EFS. A total of 32 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (initial body weight of 8.05 ± 0.66 kg, weaned on d 28) were selected and allocated to two treatments with 16 replicates per treatment and one pig per replicate using a complete random design. The treatments included an EFS group (basal diet + 24% EFS; EFS) and an ESBM group (basal diet + 15% ESBM; ESBM). Corn was used to balance energy and diets were iso-nitrogenous at about 18% crude protein. The experiment lasted for 14 days and pigs were slaughtered for sampling on d 14. Compared with EFS, pigs fed ESBM showed enhanced (p < 0.05) gain to feed ratio and average daily gain and a reduced (p < 0.05) diarrhea score. These pigs had increased (p < 0.05) contents of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, IgG, interleukin-10, and ferric reducing ability of plasma, as well as decreased (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde, IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferon-γ, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and diamine oxidase level in serum and TNF-α level in the jejunal mucosa. Moreover, these pigs also showed enhanced (p < 0.05) villus height/crypt depth in ileum, villus height in duodenum, protein expression of zonula-occludens-1 in jejunal mucosa, and fecal total volatile fatty acids and butyric acid contents. In conclusion, ESBM replacing EFS could enhance performance via improving immune response, antioxidant status, gut morphology, and barrier function of nursery pigs in antibiotic free diets.
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Babot JD, Argañaraz-Martínez E, Quiroga M, Grande SM, Apella MC, Perez Chaia A. Protection of the intestinal epithelium of poultry against deleterious effects of dietary lectins by a multi-strain bacterial supplement. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:27-35. [PMID: 33422729 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The intake of antinutritional factors produce impairment on the intestinal digestive function, impeding the efficient use of nutrients. Probiotics could be useful in poultry breeding to prevent negative effects of antinutritional factors, like the dietary lectins soybean agglutinin (SBA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Therefore, this investigation aimed to verify that SBA and wheat, which contains WGA, exert harmful effects on the intestinal mucosa and the digestive system of young poultry, and determine if the administration of probiotics able to capture lectins could counteract their effects. The trials performed demonstrated that a mixture of Bifidobacterium infantis CRL 1395, Enterococcus faecium LET 301, Lactobacillus salivarius LET 201, L. reuteri LET 210, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici LET 103, strains with ex vivo ability to interfere with the interaction of lectins and epithelial cells, has no negative effect on young chickens health. Middle levels of SBA, as well as wheat as a source of WGA, resulted in lower activities of intestinal and brush border enzymes and alterations in the integrity and morphological parameters of the chicks jejunal mucosa. The bacteria blend increased the activity of several digestive enzymes and the intestinal maturation marker alkaline phosphatase in birds fed with a conventional diet. Besides, it partially countered the deleterious effects of increased content of SBA, as well as the negative effect of a dietary source of WGA, on digestive enzymes activity and intestinal mucosa integrity. The results highlight the capability of multifunctional bacterial mixtures to protect the digestive system of avian against residual dietary lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Daniel Babot
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CCT NOA Sur-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Centro Científico Tecnológico NOA Sur - CONICET, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Eloy Argañaraz-Martínez
- Centro Científico Tecnológico NOA Sur - CONICET, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, T4000INI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Quiroga
- Centro Científico Tecnológico NOA Sur - CONICET, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, T4000INI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sonia María Grande
- Centro Científico Tecnológico NOA Sur - CONICET, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, T4000INI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Apella
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CCT NOA Sur-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Centro Científico Tecnológico NOA Sur - CONICET, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, T4000INI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Adriana Perez Chaia
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CCT NOA Sur-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Centro Científico Tecnológico NOA Sur - CONICET, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, T4000INI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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