1
|
Huang R, Bañuelos GS, Zhao J, Wang Z, Farooq MR, Yang Y, Song J, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Yin X, Shen L. Comprehensive evaluation of factors influencing selenium fertilization biofortification. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6100-6107. [PMID: 38445779 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary selenium (Se) deficiency, stemming from low Se concentrations in agricultural products, threatens human health. While Se-containing fertilizers can enhance the Se content in crops, the key factors governing Se biofortification with Se fertilization remain unclear. RESULTS This study constructed a global meta-analysis dataset based on field experiments comprising 364 entries on Se content in agricultural products and 271 entries on their yield. Random forest models and mixed effects meta-analyses revealed that plant types (i.e., cereals, vegetables, legumes, and forages) primarily influenced Se biofortification, with Se fertilization rates being the next significant factor. The random forest model, which included variables like plant types, Se fertilization rates, methods and types of Se application, initial soil conditions (including Se content, organic carbon content, and pH), soil types, mean annual precipitation, and temperature, explained 82.14% of the variation in Se content and 48.42% of the yield variation in agricultural products. For the same agricultural products, the increase in Se content decreased with higher rates of Se fertilization. The increase in Se content in their edible parts will be negligible for cereals, forages, legumes, and vegetable crops, when Se fertilization rates were 164, 103, 144, and 147 g Se ha-1, respectively. Conversely, while low Se fertilization rates enhanced yields, high rates led to a yield reduction, particularly in cereals. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the need for balanced and precise Se fertilization strategies to optimize Se biofortification benefits and minimize the risk of yield reduction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Yangtze River Delta Functional Agricultural (Food) Research Institute, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Gary S Bañuelos
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Jianrong Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Zhangmin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Raza Farooq
- Yangtze River Delta Functional Agricultural (Food) Research Institute, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- Yangtze River Delta Functional Agricultural (Food) Research Institute, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- School of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiaping Song
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Yangtze River Delta Functional Agricultural (Food) Research Institute, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Zezhou Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Yangtze River Delta Functional Agricultural (Food) Research Institute, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Youtao Chen
- Yangtze River Delta Functional Agricultural (Food) Research Institute, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xuebin Yin
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Yangtze River Delta Functional Agricultural (Food) Research Institute, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Lidong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang X, Zhou W, Li D, Wang H, Yang Y, You J, Liu H, Ai L, Zhang M. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the effects of selenium on the growth and quality of Lilium lancifolium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1399152. [PMID: 38828223 PMCID: PMC11140108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1399152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Lilium lancifolium Thunb (L. lancifolium) is an important medicinal and edible plant with outstanding functionality for selenium (Se) biofortification. However, the molecular response of L. lancifolium to exogenous Se has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of different levels of Se on L. lancifolium growth and quality were explored by transcriptome, metabolome and biochemical analyses. The results showed that the total Se and organic Se content in L. lancifolium bulbs increased with increasing Se dosage (0-8.0 mmol/L). Moreover, Se stimulated the growth of L. lancifolium at low level (2.0 mmol/L) but showed an inhibitory effect at high levels (≥4.0 mmol/L). Metabolomic and biochemical analyses revealed that the bulb weight and the content of amino acid, soluble sugar, and soluble protein were significantly increased in the 2.0 mmol/L Se treatment compared with those in the control (0 mmol/L Se). Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the significant upregulation of the GPD1, GPAT and ADPRM genes promoted glycerophospholipid accumulation. Additionally, the significantly upregulated glyA and downregulated asnB, nadB, thrA and SAT genes coordinate to the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis. The significantly upregulated SUS, bgl B, BAM, and SGA1 genes were involved in soluble sugar accumulation under Se treatment. In summary, this study identified the optimal Se concentration (2.0 mmol/L), which significantly improved the growth and nutritional quality of L. lancifolium and contributed to understanding the combined effects of Se treatment on the expression of genes and the accumulation of metabolites in L. lancifolium bulbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wuxian Zhou
- *Correspondence: Wuxian Zhou, ; Lunqiang Ai, ; Meide Zhang,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lunqiang Ai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Meide Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hall JA, Bobe G, Filley SJ, Pirelli GJ, Bohle MG, Wang G, Davis TZ, Bañuelos GS. Effects of Amount and Chemical Form of Selenium Amendments on Forage Selenium Concentrations and Species Profiles. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4951-4960. [PMID: 36600168 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) agronomic biofortification of plants is effective for alleviating Se deficiencies in human and livestock populations. Less is known about how higher selenate amendment rates, or how foliar compared with granular selenate amendments affect forage Se concentrations. Therefore, we compared the effects of a higher sodium selenate foliar amendment rate (900 vs. 90 g Se ha-1), and two selenate amendment methods (liquid foliar sodium selenate vs. granular slow-release Selcote Ultra® at 0, 45, and 90 g Se ha-1) on Se concentrations and Se species in forages across Oregon. The 10 × amendment rate (900 g Se ha-1) resulted in 6.4 × higher forage Se concentrations in the first cut (49.19 vs. 7.61 mg Se kg-1 plant DM, respectively) compared with the 90 g ha-1 amendment rate, indicating that forages can tolerate higher selenate amendment rates. Most Se was incorporated as SeMet (75%) in the harvested portion of the forage (37 mg Se kg-1 forage DM of the first cut) and only a limited amount was stored in the selenate reserve pool in the leaves (~ 5 mg Se kg-1 forage DM). Higher application rates of selenate amendment increased forage Se concentrations in first and second cuts, but carry over in subsequent years was negligible. Application of foliar selenate vs. granular Selcote Ultra® amendments, between 0 and 90 g Se ha-1, both resulted in a linear, dose-dependent increase in forage Se concentration. Amendments differed in their Se incorporation pattern (Se%), in that, first cut forage Se concentrations were higher with foliar selenate amendment and second, third, and residual (following spring) cut forage Se concentrations were higher with granular Selcote Ultra® amendment. Given the linear relationship between forage Se concentrations and whole-blood Se concentrations in livestock consuming Se-biofortified forage, we conclude that targeted grazing or other forage feeding strategies will allow producers to adapt to either selenate-amendment form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA
| | - Shelby J Filley
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Gene J Pirelli
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Mylen G Bohle
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Guojie Wang
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - T Zane Davis
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service-Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Gary S Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service-San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Wu D, Leng Y, Li Y, Li N. Dietary supplementation with selenium polysaccharide from selenium-enriched Phellinus linteus improves antioxidant capacity, immunity and production performance of laying hens. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127140. [PMID: 36812786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) plays a beneficial role in the physiological function of humans and animals. Selenium polysaccharide, improving enzyme activity and regulating immunity, is the extraction from selenium-rich plants or mushrooms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of selenium polysaccharide from selenium-enriched Phellinus linteus on the antioxidative ability, immunity, serum biochemistry, and production performance of laying hens. METHODS Three hundred sixty adult laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The four groups were divided as follows: CK (control group), PS group (4.2 g/kg polysaccharide), Se group (0.5 Se mg/kg), and PSSe group (4.2 g/kg with 0.5 Se mg/kg, Selenium polysaccharide). RESULTS After the 8 weeks, the hens were sampled and the antioxidant ability(total antioxidant (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Nitric Oxide (NO)), immunity(Interleukin-2(IL-2), Immunoglobulin M(IgM), Immunoglobulin A(IgA), Immunoglobulin G(IgG) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and secretory Immunoglobulin A(sIgA)), serum biochemistry(total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, glutamic-pyruvictransaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and production performance were assessed. Compared with the control group, T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, IL-2, IgM, IgA, sIgA, IgG, IFN-γ, total protein, average laying rate, average egg weight, and final body were significantly increased in the PS, Se, and PSSe groups, however, the MDA and NO, triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, AST, ALT, average daily feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were significantly decreased in the PS, Se, and PSSe groups. The PSSe group in the immune index, antioxidant ability and serum biochemistry was improved the highest. CONCLUSION The result suggested that selenium polysaccharide from selenium-enriched Phellinus linteus can enhance the antioxidant ability and immunity, change serum biochemistry, providing a new method for improving the production performance of laying hens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600 China
| | - Dan Wu
- Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062 China
| | - Yang Leng
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Wangqing County, Yanbian 133200 China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600 China.
| | - Nan Li
- Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130062 China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hall JA, Bobe G, Filley SJ, Bohle MG, Pirelli GJ, Wang G, Davis TZ, Bañuelos GS. Impact of selenium biofortification on production characteristics of forages grown following standard management practices in Oregon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1121605. [PMID: 37063195 PMCID: PMC10102540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low selenium (Se) concentrations in soils and plants pose a health risk for ruminants consuming locally-grown forages. Previous studies have shown that Se concentrations in forages can be increased using soil-applied selenate amendments. However, the effects of foliar selenate amendments applied with traditional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-sulfur (NPKS) fertilizers on forage yields, and nutrient contents, and agronomic efficiencies are unknown. METHODS Using a split plot design, we determined the effects of springtime sodium selenate foliar amendment rates (0, 45, and 90 g Se ha-1) and NPKS application (none, NPK for grasses/PK for alfalfa, and NPKS/PKS fertilization at amounts adapted to meet local forage and soil requirements) on forage growth and N, S, and Se concentrations, yields, and agronomic efficiencies. This 2-year study was conducted across Oregon on four representative forage fields: orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in Terrebonne (central Oregon), grass-clover mixture in Roseburg (southwestern Oregon), and both grass mixture and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) fields in Union (eastern Oregon). RESULTS Grasses grew poorly and were low in N content without NPK fertilization. Fertilization with NPK/PK promoted forage growth, increased forage N concentrations, and had to be co-applied with S when plant available S was low. Without Se amendment, forage Se concentrations were low and further decreased with NPKS/PKS fertilization. Selenate amendment linearly increased forage Se concentration without adversely affecting forage yields, N and S concentrations, or N and S agronomic efficiencies. DISCUSSION Importantly, S fertilization did not interfere with Se uptake in Se amended plots. In conclusion, co-application of NPKS/PKS fertilizers and foliar sodium selenate in springtime is an effective strategy to increase forage total Se concentrations, while maintaining optimal growth and quality of Oregon forages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Shelby J. Filley
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Mylen G. Bohle
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Gene J. Pirelli
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Guogie Wang
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - T. Zane Davis
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service-Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Gary S. Bañuelos
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service-San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hall JA, Isaiah A, McNett ER, Klopfenstein JJ, Davis TZ, Suchodolski JS, Bobe G. Supranutritional Selenium-Yeast Supplementation of Beef Cows during the Last Trimester of Pregnancy Results in Higher Whole-Blood Selenium Concentrations in Their Calves at Weaning, but Not Enough to Improve Nasal Microbial Diversity. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111360. [PMID: 35681824 PMCID: PMC9179841 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay to weaned beef calves in a preconditioning program increases whole-blood Se (WB-Se) concentrations and nasal microbiome abundance and diversity during the preconditioning period, decreases morbidity and mortality during the feedlot period, and increases carcass weight and quality at slaughter. The objective of the current study was to see whether similar improvements can be achieved through Se supplementation of dams during various pregnancy trimesters. In a two-year experimental study, 80 Angus-cross cows received once-weekly Se-yeast boluses containing 105 mg of Se, during either the first (TR-1), second (TR-2), or third (TR-3) pregnancy trimester, or were not bolused (CTR). Whole-blood Se concentrations were higher from CTR, to TR-1, to TR-2, and to TR-3 in newborn calves (all p < 0.01). At weaning, only calves from TR-3 mothers had higher WB-Se concentrations compared with calves from CTR mothers (p = 0.02), and no significant differences in nasal microbiome abundance and diversity or nasal microbiota were observed. In the feedlot period, morbidity was low, and no differences were observed. At slaughter, no differences in carcass weight and quality were observed. In conclusion, Se supplementation of pregnant cows is effective for increasing WB-Se concentration of newborn calves, and the increase can be sustained until weaning for calves born to TR-3 dams. However, the increase in WB-Se concentrations is small and does not result in beneficial changes in the nasal microbiome. Thus, calves should be fed Se-biofortified forages again at weaning in a preconditioning program in order to diversify the nasal microbiome prior to entering the feedlot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anitha Isaiah
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.I.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Ened R.L. McNett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Joseph J. Klopfenstein
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - T. Zane Davis
- USDA-ARS-Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT 84341, USA;
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.I.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Supranutritional Maternal Organic Selenium Supplementation during Different Trimesters of Pregnancy Affects the Muscle Gene Transcriptome of Newborn Beef Calves in a Time-Dependent Manner. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121884. [PMID: 34946830 PMCID: PMC8701265 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for growth and immune function in beef cattle. We previously showed that supranutritional maternal organic Se supplementation during late pregnancy improves immune function in their newborn calves; however, the effects of maternal organic Se-supplementation on fetal programming during different pregnancy stages have yet to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effects of supranutritional maternal organic Se-supplementation in different pregnancy trimesters on their beef calf’s genome-wide transcriptome profiles. Within 12 to 48 h of birth, whole blood and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle biopsies were collected from calves born to 40 crossbred Angus cows that received, except for the control group (CTR), Se-yeast boluses (105 mg of Se/wk) during the first (TR1), second (TR2), or third (TR3) trimester of gestation. Whole-blood Se concentrations of newborn calves increased from CTR, TR1, TR2 to TR3, whereas muscle Se concentrations of newborn calves were only increased in TR3 group. We identified 3048 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across all group comparisons (FDR ≤ 0.05 and |log2FC| ≥ 1.5). Furthermore, we predicted 237 unique transcription factors that putatively regulate the DEGs. Independent of supplementation trimester, supranutritional maternal organic Se supplementation downregulated genes involved in adaptive immunity in all trimesters. Dependent on supplementation trimester, genes involved in muscle development were upregulated by TR3 Se supplementation and downregulated by TR1 Se-supplementation, and genes involved in collagen formation were downregulated by TR2 Se-supplementation. Supranutritional maternal organic Se supplementation in the last trimester of pregnancy resulted in upregulation of myosin and actin filament associated genes, potentially allowing for optimal muscle function and contraction. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of supranutritional maternal organic Se supplementation during late gestation on Se-status and muscle development and function of newborn calves.
Collapse
|