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Battelli M, Colombini S, Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Abeni F, Petrera F, Manfredi MT, Rapetti L. Condensed tannins fed to dairy goats: Effects on digestibility, milk production, blood parameters, methane emission, and energy and nitrogen balances. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3614-3630. [PMID: 38246549 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) are plant polyphenols that can affect feed digestibility and are potentially able to reduce enteric CH4 emissions in ruminants. In this in vivo trial with 8 lactating goats, we investigated the effects of 4 levels of inclusion of a commercial CT extract from quebracho (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% on dry matter basis; CON, Q2, Q4, and Q6, respectively). The experimental design was a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square with 28-d periods (24 d of diet adaptation and 4 d of sample collection) using metabolic cages and 4 open-circuit respiration chambers. The inclusion of CT in the diets did not affect the dry matter intake (DMI) but caused a linear decrease in diet digestibility, with reductions up to -11% for dry matter, -21% for crude protein (CP), -23% for α-amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fiber corrected for insoluble ash (aNDFom), and -13% for gross energy, when comparing the Q6 and CON diets. However, ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was not affected by CT, although there were changes in VFA proportions. Milk yield was highest for Q4 (3,371 g/d) and lowest for Q6 (3,066 g/d). In terms of milk composition, CT induced a linear reduction of fat and CP concentrations. The reduction in CP digestibility resulted in a linear reduction in the milk urea level, up to -37% with Q6. Positively, CT linearly reduced the somatic cells count expressed as linear score. The feed efficiency was linearly decreased by CT inclusion. Furthermore, a shift from urinary to fecal nitrogen excretion was observed with CT. The retained nitrogen was always negative (on average -1.93 g/d). The CH4 yield (on average 19.2 g of CH4/kg DMI) was linearly reduced by CT inclusion, up to -18% with Q6. Regarding the CH4 intensity, CT induced a linear reduction when expressed per kilogram of milk, but not per kilogram of fat and protein-corrected milk. Moreover, the CH4 production per kilogram of digestible aNDFom was linearly increased by CT. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI) was not affected by the treatments, but the metabolizability (q = MEI/gross energy intake) was reduced as CT inclusion increased. From the results of the present study, it turned out that CT have a negative impact on feed digestibility and feed use efficiency. Condensed tannins can lower CH4 emissions from ruminants; however, the main mechanism of action is likely the decrease in feed digestibility. Furthermore, CT did not improve the N use efficiency. According to these findings, the positive environmental impacts of CT are only related to the shift from urinary to fecal N excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - S Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - G M Crovetto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - G Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - F Abeni
- CREA Research Center for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - F Petrera
- CREA Research Center for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - M T Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - L Rapetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
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Galvão LTO, Vargas JAC, Mezzomo R, Oliveira LRS, Dos Santos PM, Maciel RP, Soares EA, Farias MLC, Caldas CS, Faciola AP, Alves KS. Effects of supplementing cassava root silage to grazing dairy cows on nutrient utilization, milk production and composition in the tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:120. [PMID: 38607525 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effects of supplementing cassava root silage (CRS) to dairy cows grazing on Megathyrsus maximus cv Mombasa on nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as on milk production and composition. Ten primiparous Girolando cows with average body weight ± (SEM) of 373.45 ± (63.55) kg were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square. Animals were subjected to five treatments: (I) grazing cows without supplementation (WCS); (II) grazing cows provided with 5 kg DM of supplement without CRS (0 g/kg DM of CRS) or including (III) 260, (IV) 520, and (V) 780 g/kg DM of CRS. Statistical analyses were performed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with significance at P < 0.05. Intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extract decreased (P < 0.01), while intake of non-fiber carbohydrates increased (P < 0.01), with increased CRS in the diets. Total DM intake and digestibility of DM, and digestibility of nutritional components were lower (P < 0.03) in WCS animals compared to supplemented animals, except for intake and digestibility of NDF, which was the opposite. Milk yield (MY) and fat corrected milk (FCM), as well as all milk components were unaffected (P > 0.05) by CRS inclusion. In contrast, MY, FCM, protein, lactose, casein, and non-fat milk solids (NFMS) were greater for animals that received supplementation (P < 0.05), compared to animals WCS. Milk fat and total dry extract (TMS) did not differ (P > 0.11) between two groups. In conclusion, CRS may be a potential corn meal replacer in the supplement of dairy cows under tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Mezzomo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | | | - Perlon Maia Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Raylon Pereira Maciel
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Emilly Araújo Soares
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Costa Farias
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Siqueira Caldas
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | | | - Kaliandra Souza Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil.
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Molina-Botero IC, Gaviria-Uribe X, Rios-Betancur JP, Medina-Campuzano M, Toro-Trujillo M, González-Quintero R, Ospina B, Arango J. Methane Emission, Carbon Footprint and Productivity of Specialized Dairy Cows Supplemented with Bitter Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz). Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 38200749 PMCID: PMC10778060 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) supplementation on enteric methane (CH4) emissions, carbon footprint, and production parameters in dairy cows. Daily concentrate supply for Jersey and Jersey * Holstein breeds was evaluated in four treatments (T): T1: 100% commercial concentrate; T2: 70% concentrate + 30% cassava leaves; T3: 70% concentrate + 30% cassava roots; and T4: 70% concentrate + 15% cassava leaves + 15% cassava root chips. Measurements of CH4 emissions were performed using the polytunnel technique. Average daily dry matter intake ranged from 7.8 to 8.5 kg dry matter (DM). Cassava leaves were characterized by a high crude protein (CP) content (171 g CP/kg DM), with 5 times more neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than cassava root (587 vs. 108 g NDF/kg DM). Average enteric CH4 emissions per animal ranged from 194 to 234 g/d (p > 0.05). The carbon footprint was reduced by replacing 30% of the concentrate with cassava leaves and/or roots. Energy-corrected milk production was 1.15 times higher in Jersey * Holstein animals than Jersey cows (47 vs. 55 kg). Therefore, supplementation with cassava leaves and/or roots is a nutritionally and environmentally sustainable strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (I.C.M.-B.); (X.G.-U.); (R.G.-Q.)
| | - Xiomara Gaviria-Uribe
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (I.C.M.-B.); (X.G.-U.); (R.G.-Q.)
| | - Juan Pablo Rios-Betancur
- Colanta, Calle 74# 64ª-51, Medellín 050044, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.P.R.-B.) ; (M.M.-C.); (M.T.-T.)
| | - Manuela Medina-Campuzano
- Colanta, Calle 74# 64ª-51, Medellín 050044, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.P.R.-B.) ; (M.M.-C.); (M.T.-T.)
| | - Mercedes Toro-Trujillo
- Colanta, Calle 74# 64ª-51, Medellín 050044, Antioquia, Colombia; (J.P.R.-B.) ; (M.M.-C.); (M.T.-T.)
| | - Ricardo González-Quintero
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (I.C.M.-B.); (X.G.-U.); (R.G.-Q.)
| | - Bernardo Ospina
- Corporacion Clayuca, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia;
| | - Jacobo Arango
- Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Palmira 763022, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (I.C.M.-B.); (X.G.-U.); (R.G.-Q.)
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Ingold M, Ramadhan MR, Schlecht E. Digestibility and nitrogen balance of goats on high and low protein rations supplemented with a commercial tannin feed-additive. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:385-402. [PMID: 38009466 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2277997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing importance of goat production in response to high demand for their products and their relative robustness to environmental stressors, and in contrast to other ruminant species, little data is available on how tannin extract feeding affects their feed intake, nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) metabolism. Therefore, a trial in Oman investigated the respective variables by using a commercial tannin feed additive. In a 4 (treatments) x 3 (periods) x 2 (animals) Youden square, two weaned Batinah bucks each were fed a high or low protein diet of Rhodes grass hay and crushed barley grain, with or without the addition of a chestnut and quebracho tannin extract at 2 g/kg metabolic weight. Feed offered, feed refused and faeces and urine excreted were quantified to determine diet digestibility, total N excretion, N retention and rumen microbial protein synthesis (MPS). Due to their young age and low live weight, feed intake of goats was relatively low. Crude protein level and tannin addition had no statistically significant effect on dry matter (DM) and N intake, DM digestibility, N excretion in faeces and urine, as well as MPS. In consequence, no benefit of tannin feeding could be confirmed for the goats' N retention, irrespective of diet composition. These results indicate, on one hand, an effective neutralisation of the tested tannin extract along the gastrointestinal tract of goats, but on the other hand, that stimulation of MPS or N retention by tannins cannot be evidenced when diet components are present that simultaneously release energy and protein, as is the case with barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ingold
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Mwanaima R Ramadhan
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Eva Schlecht
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Witzenhausen, Germany
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da Silva Aguiar F, Bezerra LR, Cordão MA, Cavalcante ITR, de Oliveira JPF, do Nascimento RR, de Souza BB, Oliveira RL, Pereira ES, Filho JMP. Effects of Increasing Levels of Total Tannins on Intake, Digestibility, and Balance of Nitrogen, Water, and Energy in Hair Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2497. [PMID: 37570305 PMCID: PMC10416999 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of increasing tannin levels from Mimosa tenuiflora hay on the intake, digestibility, and balance of nitrogen (N), water, and energy in hair lambs. Thirty-two Santa Ines lambs, at an average age of 150 days and body weight of 26.75 ± 2.29 kg, were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four diets: a control diet, tannin-free, and three diets with increasing levels of total tannin, 26.2, 52.4, and 78.6 g tannin/kg dry matter (DM). Including the total tannins in the lambs' diet led to a quadratic increase in the intake of nutrients, N-retention (g/day), water intake, water absorption and retention, energy intake, and energy excretion in feces and gases. However, the digestibility of crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fibers, and total carbohydrates decreased. It was observed that there is a correlation between the variable nutrient digestibility and N-ingested and the N-absorbed, N-urinary, and N-retained. However, the N-excreted in feces did not correlate with any of the variables studied. It is recommended to include 33 g/kg DM of total natural tannins from Mimosa tenuiflora hay in the diet of hair lambs, as it improves intake, energy balance, dietary N, and body water composition while reducing the excretion of N-urinary and gas emissions to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
| | - Maiza Araújo Cordão
- Animal Science Departament, Faculdades Nova Esperança-FACENE, João Pessoa 58067698, PB, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Romilda Rodrigues do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
| | - Bonifácio Benício de Souza
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170115, BA, Brazil;
| | - Elzania Sales Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, 2977, Mister Hull Avenue, Fortaleza 60356000, CE, Brazil;
| | - José Morais Pereira Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
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Smith D, Petersson K, Peterson ML. Determining the Effects of Pelleted Cranberry Vine Grains on the Ewe and Offspring during Pregnancy and Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1989. [PMID: 37370499 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When creating any new anti-parasitic interventions, it is important to evaluate their effects across all life stages. This study had three objectives, which were to evaluate the effect of feeding cranberry vine pellet (CVP) on (1) ewes' body weights and BCS during late gestation and lactation; (2) ewes' milk quality during lactation; and (3) lambs' body weight and growth parameters from birth to 65 days of age. Across two years, 41 Dorset ewes were fed either a 50% CVP or a matching control pellet (CON) from 104 ± 1.60 days of gestation for 62.8 ± 0.68 days of lactation. Measurements were collected from ewes (BW, BCS, and milk) and lambs (BW and body size). Milk from CVP ewes exhibited reduced milk fat and solids (p < 0.01) and increased concentrations of milk urea nitrogen (p = 0.02) when evaluated for the treatment-time. There was no significant difference in the BCS, protein, lamb BW, or growth measurements for treatment-time (p ≥ 0.05). Additional research that targets blood biochemistry and metabolic assessments is needed to fully determine the impact of this pellet on ewes and lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney Smith
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Katherine Petersson
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Maria L Peterson
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Alba-Mejía JE, Dohnal V, Domínguez-Rodríguez G, Středa T, Klíma M, Mlejnková V, Skládanka J. Ergosterol and polyphenol contents as rapid indicators of orchardgrass silage safety. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14940. [PMID: 37064459 PMCID: PMC10102439 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ergosterol (ERG) has been proposed as a potential indicator of fungal contamination, along with polyphenol content analysis to predict silage safety. Despite efforts in controlling fungal growth in silage, mycotoxin co-contamination represents a possible risk for animal and human health. Modern analytical techniques determine a multitude of fungal metabolites contaminating feed. Nonetheless, these methods require sometimes arduous sample pre-treatment, long separation times, and expensive standard compounds to identified contaminants. Thus, the goal of this study was to suggest a rapid analysis of ERG and polyphenol contents to assess silage hygienic quality in ten orchardgrass varieties ensiled without and with biological and chemical additives. The determination of ERG on samples was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography using UV detection and UV/Vis spectrophotometry to determine the polyphenol content. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between varieties, years and silage additives were found. Bepro was the unique variety that did not present ERG in the first cut in 2012. ERG content increased in the first cut in 2013 using biological additives as well as ERG and polyphenol contents in the first cut in 2013 using chemical additives compared with untreated silage. In addition, biological and chemical additives used in this study did not satisfactorily reduce the content of ERG and polyphenols in silage grass. Consequently, our results provide fast information about the progressive fungal contamination of grass silage. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the presence of ERG and polyphenols is determined in ten different orchardgrass varieties treated without and with additives. In general, ERG and polyphenol contents showed to be good indicators of orchardgrass silage safety.
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La adición de orujo mejora el ensilaje de las partes aéreas de la planta de yuca. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2022. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antecedentes: Si bien es posible preservar la parte aérea de la yuca en forma de ensilaje, como se demostró en estudios anteriores, el bajo contenido de materia seca puede resultar en fermentaciones indeseables y mayores pérdidas de efluentes durante el ensilaje, levando a una reducción en la calidad final del ensilaje. Una de las formas de solucionar este problema sería el ensilaje mixto de la parte aérea de la yuca con subproductos deshidratados de la agroindustria. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la adición de bagazo de uva deshidratado (BUD) a la parte aérea del ensilaje de yuca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) sobre la composición química, degradabilidad y producción de gas in vitro del ensilado. Métodos: El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar y los tratamientos consistieron en: (I) ensilado de brotes de yuca sin aditivos; (II) ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca con 10% de BUD en materia natural, como aditivo. Luego de 30 días de fermentación, los ensilajes fueron evaluados para materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), extracto de éter (EE), fibra detergente neutra (FDN), nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT), pH, degradabilidad in vitro y producción acumulada de gas mediante la técnica de producción de gas in vitro semiautomática. Resultados: La adición de BUD no cambió los contenidos de PB, EE, FDN y NDT del ensilaje. Sin embargo, BUD promovió un aumento en el contenido de MS (32,61 vs 30,31%) y una reducción en el pH (4,00 vs 4,75) del ensilaje. El ensilado que recibió la BUD mostró mayores coeficientes de degradabilidad de las fracciones solubles y potencialmente degradables, lo que resultó en mayores valores de degradabilidad potencial y efectiva. De manera similar, BUD promovió una reducción en el tiempo de colonización de partículas (6,74 vs 10,01 h) y un aumento en la producción acumulada de gas (62,03 vs 57,82 mL/g MS). Conclusiones: La adición de 10% de bagazo de uva deshidratado al ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca puede ser útil para reducir el pH y aumentar el contenido de materia seca del ensilaje.
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Zhang X, Liu X, Chang S, Zhang C, Du W, Hou F. Effect of Cistanche deserticola on Rumen Microbiota and Rumen Function in Grazing Sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840725. [PMID: 35432287 PMCID: PMC9009397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, veterinary drugs and chemical additives have been widely used in livestock and poultry breeding to improve production performance. However, problems such as drug residues in food are causing serious concerns. The use of functional plants and their extracts to improve production performance is becoming increasingly popular. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cistanche deserticola in sheep feed on rumen flora and to analyze the causes to provide a theoretical basis for the future use of Cistanche deserticola as a functional substance to improve sheep production performance. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted using 24 six-month-old sheep males divided into four groups (six animals in each group) which were fed a basic diet composed of alfalfa and tall fescue grass. The C. deserticola feed was provided to sheep at different levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%) as experimental treatments. On the last day (Day 75), ruminal fluid was collected through a rumen tube for evaluating changes in rumen flora. The test results showed that Prevotella_1, Lactobacillus, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant species at the genus level in all samples. Lactobacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Butyrivibrio_2, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group differed significantly in relative abundance among the treatment groups. The polysaccharides in C. deserticola was the major factor influencing the alteration in rumen flora abundance, and had the functions of improving rumen fermentation environment and regulating rumen flora structure, etc. Hence, C. deserticola can be used to regulate rumen fermentation in grazing sheep to improve production efficiency.
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Thanh LP, Kha PTT, Hang TTT. Jackfruit leaves can totally replace traditional grass in the diet of lactating dairy goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2035734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Truong Thoai Kha
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Thuy Hang
- Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, Hau Giang, Viet Nam
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Terefe ZK, Omwamba M, Nduko JM. Effect of microbial fermentation on nutritional and antinutritional contents of cassava leaf. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zemenu Kerie Terefe
- Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University—Njoro Campus Kenya
- Food Science and Technology Hawassa University Ethiopia
| | - Mary Omwamba
- Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University—Njoro Campus Kenya
| | - John Masani Nduko
- Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University—Njoro Campus Kenya
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Zhao J, Wang C, Zhang L, Lei A, Wang L, Niu L, Zhan S, Guo J, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Zhong T. Genome-Wide Identification of Reference Genes for Reverse-Transcription Quantitative PCR in Goat Rumen. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113137. [PMID: 34827869 PMCID: PMC8614340 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The rumen plays an essential role as a digestive organ and serves as the primary site of energy substrate absorption for the productive ruminants. Understanding gene expression profiles is necessary to explore the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of rumen development in goats. The selection of suitable reference genes (RGs) was the primary assay before the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). We identified sixteen genome-wide candidate RGs for normalization of gene expression assessments in goat rumen tissues. We demonstrate that the RGs selected (RPS4X and RPS6) were more stably expressed than the commonly used HKGs (ACTB and GAPDH) in goat rumen tissues, suggesting that the ribosomal protein gene family may be another source for the RG pool. Abstract As the largest chamber of the ruminant stomach, the rumen not only serves as the principal absorptive surface and nutrient transport pathway from the lumen into the animal, but also plays an important short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolic role in addition to protective functions. Accurate characterization of the gene expression profiles of genes of interest is essential to the exploration of the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of rumen development in goats. Thus, the selection of suitable reference genes (RGs) is an important prerequisite for real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In the present study, 16 candidate RGs were identified from our previous transcriptome sequencing of caprine rumen tissues. The quantitative expressions of the candidate RGs were measured using the RT-qPCR method, and the expression stability of the RGs was assessed using the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper programs. GeNorm analysis showed that the M values were less than 0.5 for all the RGs except GAPT4, indicating that they were stably expressed in the rumen tissues throughout development. RPS4X and RPS6 were the two most stable RGs. Furthermore, the expressions of two randomly selected target genes (IGF1 and TOP2A), normalized by the selected most stable RGs (RPS4X and RPS6), were consistent with the results of RNA sequencing, while the use of GAPDH and ACTB as RGs resulted in altered profiles. Overall, RPS4X and RPS6 showed the highest expression stability and the lowest coefficients of variation, and could be used as the optimal reference combination for quantifying gene expression in rumen tissues via RT-qPCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Aiai Lei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Effect of dietary condensed tannins inclusion from Acacia mearnsii extract on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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