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Srikanthithasan K, Giorgino A, Fiorilla E, Ozella L, Gariglio M, Schiavone A, Marín ALM, Diaz Vicuna E, Forte C. Former foodstuffs in feed: a minireview of recent findings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23322-23333. [PMID: 38436859 PMCID: PMC10998777 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The sustainability of all productive activities, including livestock farming, becomes a fundamental challenge in the current scenario. Livestock production faces both old and new challenges related to climate change, food safety, and feed-food competition. The latter aspect has recently become a hot topic, and many researchers are turning their attention to this issue. According to circular economy principles, former foodstuffs have characteristics that make them a promising source of raw material for animal feed. The main objective of the present review is to provide a brief overview of the most recent studies (published between 2016 and 2022) addressing the dietary inclusion of former foodstuffs for livestock. The articles analyzed cover key findings from both in vitro and in vivo studies of former foodstuffs included in the diets for pigs, cows, and broilers, and assess the associated safety aspects. The articles provide information on livestock performances and product quality, as well as feed digestibility, fecal microbiota, and blood analysis. Although the evidence supports the inclusion of former foodstuffs in livestock diets as a safe, effective, and sustainable ingredient, this analysis of the most recent literature also highlights gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled. The present overview will help researchers plan future research and standardize and promote the inclusion of former food products in livestock diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Giorgino
- R&D, technical and commercial manager, Dalma Mangimi Spa, 12030, Marene, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorilla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Ozella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Elena Diaz Vicuna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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Tretola M, Mazzoleni S, Silacci P, Dubois S, Proserpio C, Pagliarini E, Bernardi CEM, Pinotti L, Bee G. Sustainable pig diets: partial grain replacement with former food products and its impact on meat quality. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae070. [PMID: 38490265 PMCID: PMC10989651 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of salty and sugary former foodstuff products (FFPs) on the quality traits and meat composition of 36 male castrated pigs (Swiss Large White breed) as well as sensory characteristics of the loins. The animals were fed three different diets for both the growing (G) and finishing (F) phases: (1) a standard diet (ST), 0% FFPs; (2) a diet with 30% of sugary FFPs (e.g., chocolate, biscuits, cakes) as a replacement for traditional ingredients (SU); and (3) a diet with 30% of salty FFPs (e.g., bread, pasta, and breadsticks) as a replacement for traditional ingredients (SA). For a comprehensive assessment of meat quality, protein and fat content in the LD were analyzed. AA and FA profile were determined both in the LD and backfat. Meat quality traits such as pH and temperature, thawing, cooking and drip losses, and shear force have been evaluated. Then, pork loins have been assessed for sensory attributes by a trained sensory panel. The SA diet decreased 20:5 n-3 levels (P < 0.001) in the muscle and 22:5 n-3 levels (P < 0.05) in both muscle and backfat but increased (P < 0.05) the ratio of mono-unsaturated to saturated fatty acids compared to the ST group. Both the SU and SA diets elevated (P < 0.001) the n-6:n-3 fatty acids ratio compared to the ST diet. Dietary treatments did not affect other meat quality traits. Regarding sensory attributes, the loin from pigs fed with SU and SA diets were sweeter (P < 0.001). Loins of SA pigs were more tender (P < 0.001), had a more intense pork aroma (P < 0.001) and had more flavor (P < 0.01) compared to ST loins. Overall, the use of FFPs affected the fatty acid profile of pork while improving the sensory quality of the loins, with no negative effects observed on the technological and nutritional quality of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tretola
- Agroscope, Posieux 1725, Switzerland
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - Sharon Mazzoleni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Proserpio
- Sensory & Consumer Science Lab (SCS_Lab), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Sensory & Consumer Science Lab (SCS_Lab), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Cristian E M Bernardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
- CRC I-WE, Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment, University of Milan, Milan 20134, Italy
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Govoni C, D'Odorico P, Pinotti L, Rulli MC. Preserving global land and water resources through the replacement of livestock feed crops with agricultural by-products. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:1047-1057. [PMID: 38053006 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
While animal-source foods contribute to 16% of the global food supply and are an important protein source in human diets, their production uses a disproportionately large fraction of agricultural land and water resources. Therefore, a global comprehensive understanding of the extent to which livestock production competes directly or indirectly with food crops is needed. Here we use an agro-hydrological model combined with crop-specific yield data to investigate to what extent the replacement of some substitutable feed crops with available agricultural by-products would spare agricultural land and water resources that could be reallocated to other uses, including food crop production. We show that replacing 11-16% of energy-rich feed crops (that is, cereals and cassava) with agricultural by-products would allow for the saving of approximately 15.4-27.8 Mha of land, and 3-19.6 km3 and 74.2-137.8 km3 of blue and green water, respectively, for the growth of other food crops, thus providing a suitable strategy to reduce unsustainable use of natural resources both locally or through virtual land and water trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Govoni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, DICA, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo D'Odorico
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, DIVAS, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Rulli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, DICA, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Hernández-Castellano LE, Giromini C, Tretola M, Puillet L, Herskin M, Castro N. Editorial: Selected keynote lectures of the 73rd annual meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (Porto, Portugal). Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 2:100920. [PMID: 37597949 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L E Hernández-Castellano
- IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4. Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35412 Arucas, Spain.
| | - C Giromini
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 29600 Lodi, Italy; CRC, Innovation for Well-Being and Environment, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - M Tretola
- Agroscope, Animal Biology Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - L Puillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Herskin
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - N Castro
- IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4. Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35412 Arucas, Spain
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