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Zhang X, Nan S, Zhang L, Chen C, Zhang W, Nie C. Cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate influences growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical indices, and intestinal morphology in yellow-feather broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38825860 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate (CPH) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, and enzyme activities of yellow-feather broilers. We randomly divided 240 chicks into four groups, each with six replicates: a basal diet with 0% (CON), 1% (LCPH), 3% (MCPH), or 5% (HCPH) CPH. The trail spanned 63 days and included three phases: Days 1-21, 22-42, and 43-63. Increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased ratio of feed to gain (F/G) with LCPH were observed in 21-day-old broilers (P < 0.05). MCPH led to higher ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in 42-day-old broilers (P < 0.05). Additionally, CPH supplementation resulted in increased dressing percentage, percentage of half-eviscerated yield, percentage of eviscerated yield, breast muscle rate, and leg muscle rate were observed (P < 0.05) with diet. The serum levels of total protein (TP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) were enhanced, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglyceride (TG) levels decreased with diet and CPH (P < 0.05). CPH increased the length of the jejunum and ileum and the weight of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in 21-day-old broilers (P < 0.05). Alterations in the duodenal villus structure in broilers occurred on Days 21 and 42, and the CPH groups performed better; however, a similar change occurred in the jejunum on Days 42 and 63 (P < 0.05). MCPH and HCPH enhanced trypsin activity in the duodenum of 21-day-old and 63-day-old broilers (p < 0.05). Chymotrypsin activity increased (P > 0.05) in the duodenum of 63-day-old broilers fed MCPH. Lipase activity increased (P < 0.05) in the jejuna of 21-day-old broilers treated with HCPH. CPH increased trypsin activity in the ilea of 21-day-old broilers (P < 0.05). These results showed that CPH influenced the growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical indices, and intestinal morphology of yellow-feather broilers, which are related to growth stage. The recommended CPH level in broilers is 1% before 21 days of age and 3% after 21 days of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shanshan Nan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Yi W, Liu Y, Fu S, Zhuo J, Wang J, Shan T. Dietary novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis improves broiler meat nutritional value and modulates intestinal microbiota and metabolites. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:1. [PMID: 38184648 PMCID: PMC10770948 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of exogenous protease supplements have a positive impact on animal performance, but their effects on the nutritional value of meat and the gut microbial community of broilers have not been extensively studied. The objective of this investigation was to determine the impact of supplementation with a novel alkaline protease derived from Bacillus licheniformis (at doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/t) on the fatty acid and amino acid profiles, inosine monophosphate (IMP) levels, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content found within the breast muscle, as well as the impact on the cecal microbiota and metabolites. RESULTS Supplementation with 200-400 g/t of the novel protease resulted in a significant elevation in the concentration of essential amino acids (P < 0.001), flavor amino acids (P < 0.001), and total protein (P = 0.013) within the breast muscle. Results derived from the 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis of the cecal content revealed that the novel protease reshaped the cecal microbial and metabolite profiles. In particular, it led to increased relative abundances of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Eubacterium, while simultaneously causing a reduction in the metabolites of D-lactic acid and malonic acid. Moreover, correlation analyses unveiled significant relationships between distinct microbes and metabolites with the contents of IMP, fatty acids, and amino acids in the broiler's breast muscle. CONCLUSION In summary, the novel protease regulated the intestinal microbial community and metabolism, thereby inducing changes in the compositions of fatty acids and amino acids profiles, as well as IMP levels in broiler meat. These alterations significantly contributed to the enhancement of the nutritional value and flavor of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhou Yi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Shijun Fu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Zhuo
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.
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Cai Y, Yang G. Enzyme cocktail with hyperactive lipase through solid-state fermentation by the novel strain Penicillium sp. Y-21. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14527. [PMID: 37667063 PMCID: PMC10477218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipase is a kind of industrial enzyme preparation with various catalytic abilities and is widely used in food, energy, medicine and other fields. To increase lipase and enzyme cocktail activity through solid-state fermentation, the novel strain Penicillium sp. Y-21 was obtained through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation from the novel strain Y, which was isolated from soils. Solid-state fermentation by strain Y-21 using agricultural byproducts was carried out in tray bioreactors. The optimum culture composition for enzyme cocktail fermentation was soybean meal 20 g, 3% (w/w) glucose, 1% (w/w) peptone, 5% (w/w) lard, 0.04% (w/w) CaCl2, 0.04% (w/w) FeCl3, 28 °C for 72 h. The enzyme cocktail produced by strain Y-21 is a kind of multienzyme complex, containing xylanase, glucanase, acidic protease, pectinase, cellulase and lipase, and their enzymatic activities (unit: U g-1) were 8000, 6000, 8000, 2000, 3000 and 120, respectively. During the fermentation process, the lipase coding genes pel, pha, and p12 were also studied and amplified from the RNA of Penicillium sp. Y-21 by RT-PCR. The results showed that the pel gene played an important role in enzyme production. Afterwards, an enzyme cocktail can be added to chicken feed as an additive, which improves animal growth and feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang #1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guanghua Yang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Middle Road 21, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Shi L, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Xing Y, Guo S, Zhang L, Xu Y, Jin X, Yan S, Shi B. An Artemisia ordosica extract: Effects on growth performance, immune, and inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:980690. [PMID: 36157186 PMCID: PMC9500547 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.980690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia ordosica has been applied as a traditional Chinese/Mongolian medicine for treating csertain inflammatory ailments. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Artemisia ordosica alcohol extract (AOAE) supplemented in diets on growth performance, immune, and inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acre male broilers were randomly allotted into 5 groups with 6 replicates (n = 8), which were basal diet group (CON), LPS-challenge and basal diet group (LPS), LPS-challenge and the basal diet added with low (500 mg/kg), middle (750 mg/kg), and high (1,000 mg/kg) dose of AOAE groups (AOAE-L, AOAE-M, and AOAE-H), respectively. On d 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28, all broilers were injected intra-abdominally either with LPS or an equivalent amount of saline. Results showed that dietary AOAE alleviated the LPS-induced decrease in average daily gain and average daily feed intake in the broilers (P < 0.05). Dietary AOAE supplementation reversed the increased spleen index and the decreased bursa index in LPS-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Moreover, feeding AOAE could mitigate the elevation of IL-1β in serum, liver, and spleen, IL-2 in serum and liver, IL-6 in serum and spleen, and the decrease of IgG in spleen, IgM in serum, liver, and spleen, and IL-4 in serum of the LPS-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). This study also showed that AOAE supplementation alleviated the increase of mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the decrease of gene expression of IκBα and PPARγ in liver and/or spleen of broilers challenged by LPS (P < 0.05). We speculated that AOAE administration could effectively alleviate LPS-induced inflammation via decreasing over-production of proinflammatory cytokines, ultimately relieving the growth inhibition of broilers caused by LPS. In conclusion, 1,000 mg/kg AOAE has a strong capacity to enhance immunity and inhibit inflammation, and can be used as a potential novel feed additive with applications in treating inflammation-related diseases and bacterial infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Nie C, Hu Y, Chen R, Guo B, Li L, Chen H, Chen H, Song X. Effect of probiotics and Chinese medicine polysaccharides on meat quality, muscle fibre type and intramuscular fat deposition in lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2067489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Nie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Metabolism of Imidazole Dipeptides, Taurine, Branched-Chain Amino Acids, and Polyamines of the Breast Muscle Are Affected by Post-Hatch Development in Chickens. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010086. [PMID: 35050208 PMCID: PMC8778354 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore metabolic characteristics during the post-hatch developmental period, metabolomic analyses of breast muscle and plasma were performed in chickens. The most significant growth-related changes in metabolite levels were observed between seven and 28 days of age. Some of these metabolites are essential nutrients or reported as growth-promoting metabolites. In the muscle, two imidazole dipeptides—carnosine and its methylated metabolite, anserine—increased with the development. These dipeptide levels may be, in part, regulated transcriptionally because in the muscle mRNA levels of carnosine synthase and carnosine methylation enzyme increased. In contrast, taurine levels in the muscle decreased. This would be substrate availability-dependent because some upstream metabolites decreased in the muscle or plasma. In branched-chain amino acid metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine decreased in the muscle, while some of their downstream metabolites decreased in the plasma. The polyamines, putrescine and spermidine, decreased in the muscle. Furthermore, mRNA levels associated with insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling, which play important roles in muscle growth, increased in the muscle. These results indicate that some metabolic pathways would be important to clarify metabolic characteristics and/or growth of breast muscle during the post-hatch developmental period in chickens.
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Effect of Ginger on Chemical Composition, Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Chicken Soup. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071456. [PMID: 34201805 PMCID: PMC8307344 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of ginger on taste components and sensory characteristics in chicken soup, the content of amino acids, organic acids, 5′-nucleotides, and mineral elements were determined in chicken soup sample. With the ginger added, free amino acids in chicken soup obviously increased and exceeded the total amounts in ginger soup and chicken soup. The content of glutamic acid (122.74 μg/mL) was the highest among 17 free amino acids in ginger chicken soup. Meanwhile, six organic acids detected in chicken soup all obviously increased, among which lactic acid (1523.58 μg/mL) and critic acid (4692.41 μg/mL) exceeded 1000 μg/mL. The content of 5′-nucleotides had no obvious difference between ginger chicken soup and chicken soup. Compared with chicken soup, ginger chicken soup had a smaller particle size (136.43 nm) and color difference (79.69), but a higher viscosity. With ginger added in chicken soup, the content of seven mineral elements was reduced, and the content of total sugar increased. Results from an electronic tongue indicated a difference in taste profiles among the soups. The taste components and sensory quality of chicken soup were obviously affected by adding the ginger.
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