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Bianchi CP, Gallelli MF, Herrera JM, Benavente MA, Rossetto L, Aba MA. Current knowledge about the processes of luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:3-9. [PMID: 36149369 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Camelids have many unique reproductive features that considerably differ from those of other domestic species. Females are induced ovulators with subsequent development of a corpus luteum (CL) with a short lifespan. Plasma progesterone concentration starts to increase on day 4, peaks on day 8-9 and, in non-pregnant animals, basal concentration is reached around day 10-11 post-induction of ovulation. Luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ) are firstly detected on day 7 or 8 (approximately on day 5-6 after ovulation), with maximal luteolytic peaks observed between days 9 and 11 post-mating, in coincidence with a high endometrial expression of cyclooxygenase 2, a limiting enzyme in prostaglandins synthesis. Unlike other species, oxytocin seems not to be involved in the luteolytic process in these species. The CL is the main source of progesterone secretion, and its function is required to support pregnancy. Despite constant research efforts, aspects of reproduction and maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids remain not fully understood. A transient decrease and subsequent recovery in plasma progesterone concentration are observed after day 9 post-mating in pregnant animals in association with a pulsatile release of PGF2α and a transitory decrease in CL vascularization. Thus, embryo recognition should occur between days 8 and 12 post-mating. In camels, conceptus tissues exhibit aromatizing activity with the capacity to synthesize large amounts of oestradiol. Similarly, llama blastocysts secrete oestradiol-17β during the preimplantation stage, with a higher production during the elongation period. An increase in the endometrial expression of oestrogen receptor α is also observed on day 12 post-mating. All these evidences suggest that oestrogen could be the signal released by the embryo at the time of its recognition in camelids. Besides, nearly 98% of pregnancies are carried out in the left horn. A decrease in the endometrial expression of mucin 1 and 16 genes has been reported, suggesting that these changes are crucial for successful embryo implantation; however, no differences have been observed between horns. Thus, maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids is a particularly complex process that must occur in a concise time to allow the rescue of the CL and embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paula Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET - CICPBA - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F Gallelli
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Herrera
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Micaela A Benavente
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET - CICPBA - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Rossetto
- Cátedra de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, General Pico, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Alfredo Aba
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET - CICPBA - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
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2
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Binder C, Aurich J, Scarlet D, Reichart U, Walter I, Aurich C. Expression of nuclear progesterone receptor, progesterone receptor membrane components 1 and 2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in the endometrium and oviduct of spontaneously ovulating cats. Theriogenology 2021; 172:200-206. [PMID: 34271496 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although ovulations not followed by pregnancy occur regularly in cats, differences in endometrial function between cats in the luteal and non-luteal phase have not been studied so far. Progesterone exerts its effects through a nuclear progesterone receptor (PGR) and via cell-membrane bound receptors referred to as progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) 1 and 2. Progesterone receptor expression is regulated by gonadal steroid hormones and therefore may change throughout the oestrous cycle. Protein expression of PGR, PGRMC-1 and 2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) was analysed in the endometrium and oviduct of non-pregnant female cats in the follicular (n = 8) and luteal phase (n = 9). We hypothesized that the presence of corpora lutea (CL) is associated with downregulation of progesterone receptors and PTGS2. Cells of the luminal endometrial epithelium, endometrial stroma and oviductal epithelium were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The PGR protein expression was more pronounced in the endometrial epithelium than stroma (p < 0.001) and less pronounced in cats with a CL than without CL (p < 0.001) but did not differ between groups in the oviduct. The PTGS2 was localized only in the endometrial and oviductal epithelium and its expression was reduced in cats with CL (p = 0.001). In the endometrial epithelium, PGRMC-1 expression was reduced in cats with CL (p < 0.05). Expression of PGRMC-2 was highest in the endometrial epithelium and lowest in the endometrial stroma (p = 0.01) but did not differ between cats with and without CL. In conclusion, progesterone receptor and PTGS2 downregulation in the female cat closely resembles findings in other spontaneously ovulating domestic animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binder
- Obstetrics and Reproduction, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - J Aurich
- Obstetrics and Reproduction, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Scarlet
- Obstetrics and Reproduction, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - U Reichart
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Aller JF, Abalos MC, Acuña F, Cancino AK. Plasma steroid profiles and ovarian response in llamas treated with eCG for superovulation combined with exogenous progesterone during early luteal phase. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106108. [PMID: 31405462 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations during eCG-ovarian follicular superstimulatory treatment performed in early luteal phase and estradiol concentrations during peri-ovulatory period on ovarian response, number and embryo quality. On Day -2, females (n = 75) having a follicle ≥7 mm were treated with GnRH to induce ovulation. On Day 0, females that had ovulations (n = 54) were treated with 1000 IU eCG and were assigned to one of two treatments: (1) intravaginal device (ID) containing 0.5 g P4 (P4 group) and (2) no ID (Control group). On Day 5, females were administered PGF2α and the ID was removed. On Day 7 and 8, females were mated and embryo recovery was performed 7 or 8 days later. Blood samples were collected from Day 0 to 9. Number (± SD) of follicles ≥7 mm on day of mating was greater (P = 0.04) in the control (9.7 ± 4.2) than P4-treated (6.7 ± 4.9) group; number of corpora lutea did not differ (5.5 ± 3.1 and 5.2 ± 3.4 respectively). Ovulation rate was greater (P < 0.01) in the P4-group (77.4%; 130/168) than control group (53.3%; 135/253). Number of embryos with an excellent grade (grade 1) tended to be greater (P = 0.07) in the P4-group (82.4%; 42/51) than control group (65.4%; 36/55). It was concluded that supplementation with exogenous P4 during eCG treatment in early luteal phase inhibits excessive follicular growth, increases ovulation rate and improves embryo quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Aller
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina.
| | - Marcos C Abalos
- INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Abra Pampa, Argentina
| | - Francisco Acuña
- INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Abra Pampa, Argentina
| | - Andrea K Cancino
- INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
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Veiga MF, Trasorras VL, Bianchi CP, Aba M, Moncalvo E, Chaves MG, Miragaya MH. Administration of progesterone BioRelease LA inhibits follicular growth in llamas (Lama glama) regardless of follicle diameter at the start of treatment. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1347-1352. [PMID: 30043470 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were twofold: first, the comparison of the pharmacokinetics parameters of two doses of Progesterone BioRelease® LA, (BioRelease Technologies, Lexington, KY, USA) one of 300 mg and other of 150 mg and their effects on ovarian dynamics in llamas. Based on the results from the first study, the aim of the second study was to evaluate the effect of the doses of 150 mg of progesterone on follicular activity considering the stage of the largest follicle at the beginning of treatment. The results in Study 1 showed that both doses of the formulation induced plasma progesterone concentrations higher than 1 ng/ml during the first 6 days of treatment in all females, progesterone concentrations steadily decline until Day 5 following by a slowly decrease. The total amount of progesterone released during treatment was higher in Group 300 than in Group 150 (p = 0.045). Mean maximum concentrations were 14.9 ± 2.24 and 14.3 ± 2.16 ng/ml for Group A versus Group B (p = 0.58), and they were registered on Day 1.5 ± 0.22 and 1.7 ± 0.34 days, respectively (p = 0.10). None of the animals of Group A showed progesterone concentration below 1 ng/ml during all studied period. The treatment applied in Study 2 was efficient in inhibiting the ovarian follicular dynamics and to start a superestimulatory treatment. The use of progesterone Biorelease® LA of 150 mg in comparison with the dose of 300 mg could be more effective in the use of synchronization protocols in llamas for AI or prior to the application of an ovarian superstimulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Veiga
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Luz Trasorras
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paula Bianchi
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Aba
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Moncalvo
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Graciela Chaves
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Horacio Miragaya
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cavilla MV, Bianchi CP, Aguilera F, Hermida M, Aba MA. Hormonal changes and follicular activity after treatment with intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices in llamas. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:930-939. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MV Cavilla
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
- CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - CP Bianchi
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
- CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - F Aguilera
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - M Hermida
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - MA Aba
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
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6
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Bianchi CP, Meikle A, Benavente MA, Álvarez MA, Trasorras VL, Miragaya MH, Rodríguez E, Aba MA. Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptors and COX-2 Expression in Endometrial Biopsy Samples During Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Llamas (Lama glama). Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:980-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CP Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; U.N.C.P.B.A.; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A Meikle
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Uruguay; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - MA Benavente
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; U.N.C.P.B.A.; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MA Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; U.N.C.P.B.A.; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - VL Trasorras
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UBA; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MH Miragaya
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UBA; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - E Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; U.N.C.P.B.A.; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MA Aba
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; U.N.C.P.B.A.; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
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7
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Emam MA. Immunohistochemical localization of androgen and progesterone receptors in the uterus of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1225-30. [PMID: 25081941 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ten adult, cyclic female camels (Camelus dromedarius) were used to describe the distribution of androgen (AR) and progesterone (PR) receptors in the uterus using immunohistochemistry. Both AR and PR were distributed throughout the different compartments of the uterus with nuclear staining for AR and PR seen in the cells of epithelia (luminal and glandular), stroma and myometrial smooth muscles. AR immunostaining was not uniform in distribution and intensity; the surface epithelium and the glandular epithelium in the adluminal region of the endometrium showed lower AR immunoreactivity than other compartments of the uterus. PR immunostaining showed uniformity in both distribution and intensity strong PR immunostaining intensity in almost all cells of the different uterine compartments. The intensity and distribution of PR immunostaining in epithelia of lumen and glands in the adluminal regions of endometrium was higher (P<0.05) than that of AR. In conclusion, immunohistochemical localization of AR and PR in the uterus of the cyclic dromedary camel indicates the important roles of androgen and progesterone in controlling the uterine activity during the follicular phase.
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Cavilla MV, Bianchi CP, Maistruarena C, Aba MA. Ultrasonographic and Endocrine Characterization of Follicular Waves in Llamas with a Special Reference to the Overlapping Phenomenon During Successive Waves. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:923-30. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MV Cavilla
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - CP Bianchi
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C Maistruarena
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MA Aba
- Área de Endocrinología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Buenos Aires Argentina
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Picha Y, Tibary A, Memon M, Kasimanickam R, Sumar J. Chronology of early embryonic development and embryo uterine migration in alpacas. Theriogenology 2013; 79:702-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Bianchi CP, Meikle A, Alvarez MA, Benavente MA, Cavilla MV, Rodríguez E, Aba MA. Oestrogen, Progesterone and Oxytocin Receptors and COX-2 Expression in Endometrial Biopsy Samples from the Induction of Ovulation to Luteolysis in Llamas (Lama glama). Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:681-90. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CP Bianchi
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Endocrinología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET; U.N.C.P.B.A., Campus Universitario, Tandil; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - A Meikle
- Facultad de Veterinaria; Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares; Universidad de Uruguay; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - MA Alvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Endocrinología; U.N.C.P.B.A., Tandil; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - MA Benavente
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Endocrinología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET; U.N.C.P.B.A., Campus Universitario, Tandil; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - MV Cavilla
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Endocrinología; U.N.C.P.B.A., Tandil; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - E Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; U.N.C.P.B.A., Tandil; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - MA Aba
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Endocrinología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET; U.N.C.P.B.A., Campus Universitario, Tandil; Buenos Aires; Argentina
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Bianchi CP, Cavilla MV, Jorgensen E, Benavente MA, Aba MA. Development of corpus luteum susceptibility to an analog of prostaglandin F2α, throughout the luteal phase in llamas (Lama glama). Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:199-203. [PMID: 22516230 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility of the corpus luteum to d-cloprostenol (synthetic analog of PGF(2α)) throughout the luteal phase in llamas. Female llamas (n=43) were induced to ovulate by GnRH injection in the presence of an ovulatory follicle and randomly assigned into one of six groups: control and treated with an injection of d-cloprostenol on Day 3, 4, 5, 6 or 8 post GnRH. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma progesterone concentrations. There was no effect of treatment on animals injected on Day 3 or 4 post-GnRH. In animals treated on Day 5, different responses were observed. No effect of treatment was recorded in 27% of the animals whereas 55% of the llamas showed a transitory decrease followed by a recovery in plasma progesterone concentrations after d-cloprostenol injection, indicative of a resurgence of the corpus luteum, extending the luteal phase a day more than in control animals. In the remaining 18% of the animals injected on Day 5, (corresponding to those exhibiting the greatest plasma progesterone concentrations at the day of injection), complete luteolysis was observed. Plasma progesterone concentrations decreased to below 1 ng ml(-1) 24 h after d-cloprostenol in llamas injected on Day 6 or 8 post-GnRH. In conclusion, the corpus luteum of llamas is completely refractory to PGF(2α) until Day 4 after induction of ovulation, being partially sensitive by Day 5 and fully responsive to PGF(2α), by Day 6 after induction of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Bianchi
- Área de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, U.N.C.P.B.A., Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bianchi C, Sahlin L, Meikle A, Masironi B, Cavilla M, Aba M. Endometrial population of oestrogen receptors alpha and beta and progesterone receptors A and B during the different phases of the follicular wave of llamas (Lama glama). Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:872-80. [PMID: 19548916 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of oestrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ as well as both progesterone receptors isoforms progesterone receptor (PR) A and PRB in the luminal and glandular epithelia and stroma of the endometrium during the different phases of the follicular wave in llamas. Six llamas were examined by transrectal ultrasonography, and a transcervical biopsy was obtained when a follicle at the growing, plateau and regressing phase was recorded. Blood samples were collected at the time of biopsy for hormone determinations. An immunohistochemical technique was used to study receptor populations. Total positive area was evaluated in the different cell types by Image Analysis. Mean diameter measurements of the largest follicle were 6.9, 8.5 and 5.1 mm (p < 0.001) and mean plasma oestradiol-17β concentrations were 27.9 ± 3.26; 30.0 ± 2.79 and 24.0 ± 1.78 pmol/l (p = 0.32) during the growing, plateau and regressing phases, respectively. Immunostaining of ERα was higher in the luminal epithelium during the plateau and regressing phases (p < 0.05) than during the growing phase. More positive cells to ERβ were observed in the glandular epithelium of the growing and plateau phases (p < 0.05) than during the regressing phase. A higher percentage of cells positive to PRB was recorded in the luminal and glandular epithelia during the plateau phase (p < 0.05), while the PRA immunostaining was similar among phases. In brief, this study showed an increased population of ERα and PRB in the luminal epithelium, and only of PRB in the glandular epithelium at the time when an ovulatory follicle is present. The physiological importance of these changes in llamas remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cp Bianchi
- Área de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Trasorras V, Chaves MG, Neild D, Gambarotta M, Aba M, Agüero A. Embryo transfer technique: Factors affecting the viability of the corpus luteum in llamas. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 121:279-85. [PMID: 20663621 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the embryo transfer (ET) maneuvers on plasma progesterone concentrations in recipient Lama glama females and the relationship between the site the embryo was transferred to and corpus luteum (CL) localization. Experiment I (effect of transcervical threading): adult non-pregnant, non-lactating llama females were randomly assigned into two groups: control group (without cervical threading, n=10) and group A (with cervical threading, n=10). In both groups, CL activity was evaluated through measurement of progesterone plasma concentrations. In group A, on Day 6 after inducing ovulation with buserelin, the cervix was threaded to evaluate the effect of the maneuver on CL viability. No significant differences were observed in mean progesterone concentrations between groups (P>0.05). Experiment II (effect of depositing PBS): females (n=66) were randomly assigned into six groups (n=10 per group and control group: n=6) to evaluate the effect of depositing PBS in different sites in the uterus in relation to the localization of the CL: group 'Left-Ipsilateral': transcervical placing of PBS in the left uterine horn (CL in left ovary); group 'Left-Contralateral': transcervical placing of PBS in the left uterine horn (CL in right ovary); group 'Right-Ipsilateral': transcervical placing of PBS in the right uterine horn (CL in right ovary); group 'Body-Left': transcervical placing of PBS in the uterine body (CL in left ovary); group 'Body-Right': transcervical placing of PBS in the uterine body (CL in right ovary) and control group. Corpus luteum activity was evaluated in all groups by measuring plasma progesterone concentrations. On Day 6 post-buserelin, the corresponding maneuver was carried out according to the group. No significant differences were found for the mean plasma progesterone concentrations between groups (P>0.05). Experiment III (effect of ET on CL viability): females (n=22) were used as embryo donors and 50 females as recipients, in order to evaluate if placing the embryo in different areas of the uterus influences CL viability. Recipients were randomly divided into five groups, according to the place in the uterus where the ET was conducted with respect to the ovary where ovulation occurred: group 'Left-Ipsilateral': ET in the left uterine horn (CL in left ovary); group 'Left-Contralateral': ET in the left uterine horn (CL in right ovary); group 'Right-Ipsilateral': ET in the right uterine horn (CL in right ovary); group 'Body-Left': ET in the uterine body (CL in left ovary) and group 'Body-Right': ET in the uterine body (CL in right ovary). Corpus luteum activity was evaluated in all groups by measuring plasma progesterone concentrations. Embryos were recovered by flushing the uterus on Day 8 after the first mating of the donor and transcervical ET was carried out in recipients 6 days after buserelin administration. Pregnancy rates were: group 'Left-Ipsilateral': 50%; group 'Left-Contralateral': 20%; group 'Right-Ipsilateral': 30%; group 'Body-Left' and 'Body-Right': 10%. No significant differences (P=0.4728) were detected between the pregnancy rates in the five groups. Threading the cervix and transcervical placing of PBS either in the uterine horns or the body did not affect plasma progesterone concentrations in the llama, indicating that the different embryo transfer maneuvers do not interfere with CL viability. To improve pregnancy rates it could be suggested that ET in the left uterine horn with an ipsilateral CL, is the most desirable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Trasorras
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Oestradiol-17beta plasma concentrations after intramuscular injection of oestradiol benzoate or oestradiol cypionate in llamas (Lama glama). Acta Vet Scand 2010; 52:13. [PMID: 20149242 PMCID: PMC2829578 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Llamas (Lama glama) are induced ovulators and the process of ovulation depends on dominant follicular size. In addition, a close relationship between behavioural estrus and ovulation is not registered in llamas. Therefore, the exogenous control of follicular development with hormones aims to predict the optimal time to mate. Oestradiol-17β (E2) and its esters are currently used in domestic species, including camelids, in synchronization treatments. But, in llamas, there is no reports regarding the appropriate dosages to be used and most protocols have been designed by extrapolation from those recommended for other ruminants. The aim of the present study was to characterize plasma E2 concentrations in intact female llamas following a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of two oestradiol esters: oestradiol benzoate (EB) and oestradiol cypionate (ECP). Methods Twelve non pregnant and non lactating sexually mature llamas were i.m. injected on day 0 with 2.5 mg of EB (EB group, n = 6) or ECP (ECP group, n = 6). Blood samples were collected immediately before injection, at 1, 6, 12, 24 h after treatment and then daily until day 14 post injection. Changes in hormone concentrations with time were analyzed in each group by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a repeated measures (within-SS) design. Plasma E2 concentrations and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values were compared between groups by ANOVA. In all cases a Least-Significant Difference test (LSD) was used to determine differences between means. Hormonal and AUC data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Results Peak plasma E2 concentrations were achieved earlier and were higher in EB group than in ECP group. Thereafter, E2 returned to physiological concentrations earlier in EB group (day 5) than in ECP group (day 9). Although plasma E2 profiles differed over time among groups there were no differences between them on AUC values. Conclusions The i.m. injection of a single dose of both oestradiol esters resulted in plasma E2 concentrations exceeding physiological values for a variable period. Moreover, the plasma E2 profiles observed depended on the derivative of oestradiol administered. This basic information becomes relevant at defining treatment protocols including oestrogens in llamas.
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Carretero M, Miragaya M, Chaves M, Gambarotta M, Agüero A. Embryo production in superstimulated llamas pre-treated to inhibit follicular growth. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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