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Da Silva LG, Da Silva LG, Ferreira LCL, Mascarello J, Moraes JGN, Lucy MC, Nogueira É. Factors influencing pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) and embryonic mortality in Nelore females subjected to timed-AI in Brazil. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 265:107475. [PMID: 38663149 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
A greater understanding of factors influencing fertility is essential to improve pregnancy rates and reduce the occurrence of embryonic mortality in beef herds. The objective of the current study was to evaluate retrospective data of pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and pregnancy loss in Nelore females subjected to timed-AI (TAI) in Brazil. Data from 40,104 TAI collected from six breeding seasons (2016-2022) were analyzed, and the effects of animal category (e.g., classification based on age and parity), farm, month of parturition, sire, sire breed (Nelore vs Angus), estrus expression at TAI, animal temperament, and body condition scores (BCS) were evaluated. P/AI and pregnancy loss were affected (P < 0.001) by animal category. There was also an effect of farm (P = 0.0013) on P/AI and pregnancy loss (P = 0.001), as P/AI ranged from 49.28% and 55.58% and pregnancy loss from 3.37% to 6.89% across the herds evaluated. Month of parturition also affected (P < 0.001) P/AI and was higher for cows that became pregnant at the beginning of the previous breeding season. Calmer animals, presenting lower velocity scores while exiting the chute following TAI, achieved higher P/AI (P < 0.001). Lower BCS at TAI was associated (P < 0.001) with increased pregnancy loss, and BCS gain following AI was associated (P < 0.001) with reduced rates of embryonic mortality. There was a major effect (P < 0.001) of sire on P/AI and pregnancy loss, as P/AI ranged from 11% to 79%, and embryonic mortality from 0% to 40% for the bulls used in the study, highlighting the importance of the sire fertility on overall pregnancy success. Results from the current study reinforce the idea that animal age and parity at the beginning of the breeding season, BCS at the onset of estrous synchronization, BCS gain following AI, estrus expression at TAI, sire, and month of parturition are important factors influencing P/AI and rates of embryonic mortality in beef herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes Da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Post Graduation Program of Veterinary Medicine- CIVET-UFMS, Campo Grandes, Brazil
| | - Luana Gomes Da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Post-Graduation Program of Animal Science, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Cia Pecuaria Assessoria, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Mascarello
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Post Graduation Program of Veterinary Medicine- CIVET-UFMS, Campo Grandes, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ériklis Nogueira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation- EMBRAPA Beef Cattle, Av. Rádio Maia, 830, Campo Grande - MS, 79106-550, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Post Graduation Program of Veterinary Medicine- CIVET-UFMS, Campo Grandes, Brazil.
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Funakoshi D, Shiotani H, Seki M. Equine chorionic gonadotropin treatment and timed artificial insemination for dairy cow production under heat stress. J Reprod Dev 2024; 70:30-34. [PMID: 38171736 PMCID: PMC10902633 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of timed artificial insemination (TAI) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration on lactating dairy cows under heat-stress conditions (average temperature-humidity index: 80). Timed artificial insemination was performed on the cows with (n = 57) or without (control, n = 41) supplementation with 500 IU of eCG at the day of PGF2α treatment using the CIDR-Ovsynch protocol. GnRH was administered, and a progesterone device (CIDR) was inserted on Day -10 of the treatment protocol. The CIDR was removed on Day -3, and the cows were treated with PGF2α. Two days later, a 2nd GnRH injection was administered. Subsequently, AI was performed on Day 0 (16-20 h after the 2nd GnRH injection), and pregnancy was diagnosed on Days 32 and 60. Plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations were measured after AI. Results showed that the eCG group had a higher pregnancy per AI (P/AI) than the control group (43.9 vs. 12.2%, P = 0.002), which was also accompanied by elevated P4 levels. Four cows in the eCG group had multiple calves, representing 7.0 and 16.0% of the group and pregnant cows, respectively. In conclusion, 500 IU of eCG combined with CIDR-Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows under severe heat stress conditions successfully improved fertility. However, the protocol may have a slight risk of multiple births.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Makoto Seki
- Aska Animal Health Co., Ltd., Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
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Cooke RF, Cardoso RC, Cerri RLA, Lamb GC, Pohler KG, Riley DG, Vasconcelos JLM. Cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments: genetic and reproductive considerations. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5709616. [PMID: 31955201 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to understand biological functions and develop management schemes specific to Bos indicus-influenced cattle raised in tropical and subtropical environments are critical to meet the increasing global demand for protein. In the United States, B. indicus breeds are mostly used to generate B. indicus × B. taurus crosses with increased thermal and parasite tolerance, while retaining some productive characteristics of B. taurus cattle. Although crossbreeding represents a proven strategy to improve cattle adaptation almost immediately, research has also attempted to identify B. taurus genetics that can withstand subtropical and tropical climates. Reduced milk production and delayed reproductive maturation appear to be related with tropical adaptation of B. taurus breeds, as a means to conserve energy under stressful conditions and limited nutrition. Moreover, longevity may be the ultimate adaptation response to unfavorable environments, and retention of bulls and heifers from proven cows is the recommended strategy to improve longevity in B. indicus-influenced herds. Besides selection for longevity, other aspects should be considered when planning reproductive management in tropical and subtropical regions. Bos indicus and B. taurus breeds have multiple differences pertaining to reproductive function, including age at puberty, ovarian dynamics, and pregnancy development. Nutritional strategies such as the stair-step regimen, and use of exogenous progesterone (P4) inserts are options to hasten puberty attainment of late-maturing B. indicus-influenced heifers. Yet, limited pharmacological alternatives are available for reproductive management of B. indicus-influenced females in the United States, which rely on GnRH-based protocols not specifically designed to the reproductive function of B. indicus breeds. In contrast, hormonal protocols based on exogenous P4, estradiol esters, and equine chorionic gonadotropin are available for use in B. indicus females in South America. These include protocols tailored to prepubertal heifers, anestrous cows, and cycling nulliparous or parous females, which often yield pregnancy rates of 50% to fixed-time artificial insemination. The global dairy industry also faces similar challenges in increasing demand and production as the beef industry. Selection of cows capable of sustaining optimal milk yield, reproductive success, and health status in hot and humid conditions is essential for optimal dairy production in subtropical and tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ronaldo L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Cliff Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - José L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Reese ST, Franco GA, Poole RK, Hood R, Fernadez Montero L, Oliveira Filho RV, Cooke RF, Pohler KG. Pregnancy loss in beef cattle: A meta-analysis. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 212:106251. [PMID: 31864492 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy loss in beef cattle causes both management and economic challenges to a producer. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify reproductive failures that occur during fertilization, early embryonic development, and late embryonic/early fetal development periods of gestation in beef cattle. The meta-analysis included more than 56,000 diagnostic records in 159 studies from 48 papers with 12 studies included in fertilization and pre- blastocyst loss analysis (FERT; days 1-7 of gestation), 107 in early embryo (EEM; days 7-32), and 40 in late embryo/early fetal period (LEF; days 32-100) analysis. Although fertilization rates are reportedly high in beef cattle, significant developmental failure occurs within the first 7 days of gestation. Approximately 28.4 % of embryos will not develop past day 7 of gestation with most embryonic losses occurring before day 4. By the conclusion of the first month of gestation, 47.9 % of cows submitted to a single insemination at day 0 will not be pregnant. Overall, LEF between days 32-60 and 100 was 5.8 %. Bos indicus animals had greater (P = 0.001) EEM compared to Bos taurus, but there was no difference (P = 0.39) for the LEF period between subspecies. Primiparous cows had greater EEM (P = 0.002) compared to nulliparous heifers and multiparous cows; and nulliparous heifers had a greater LEF compared to primiparous and multiparous cows (P = 0.048). Collectively, these cumulative findings provide a baseline assessment of pregnancy loss specific to beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Reese
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - G A Franco
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R Hood
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - L Fernadez Montero
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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de Oliveira DAM, Kozicki LE, Gaievski FR, Pedrosa VB, Weiss RR, Segui MS, Bergstein‐Galan TG. Resynchronization of ovulation with new and reused intravaginal progesterone‐releasing devices without previous pregnancy diagnosis in
Bos taurus indicus
cows subjected to timed‐artificial insemination. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:779-785. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Amadori Martins de Oliveira
- Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Escola de Ciências da Vida Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Luiz Ernandes Kozicki
- Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Escola de Ciências da Vida Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Francisco Romano Gaievski
- Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Escola de Ciências da Vida Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Victor Breno Pedrosa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Animal Science Ponta Grossa State University Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Romildo Romualdo Weiss
- Veterinary Medicine, Setor de Ciências Agrárias Federal University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Márcio Saporski Segui
- Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Escola de Ciências da Vida Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
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Cavalieri J, Gaina C, Hepworth G. Randomised controlled trial of the effect of concentration of progesterone before artificial insemination on fertility in ovulatory and anovulatory Bos indicus
cattle. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:346-355. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cavalieri
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - C Gaina
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - G Hepworth
- The Statistical Consulting Centre; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
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Pugliesi G, Scolari SC, Mesquita FS, Maturana Filho M, Araújo ER, Cardoso D, Sales JN, Martin I, Sá Filho M, Bertan CM, Binelli M. Impact of probing the reproductive tract during early pregnancy on fertility of beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:e35-e39. [PMID: 24925165 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This short communication reports the impact of endometrial biopsies, uterine flushings and follicular fluid aspiration procedures at day 6 post artificial insemination (AI) on pregnancy rates. In Experiment 1, cows were timed AI (TAI) and assigned to the following treatment groups: control (n = 37), uterine flushing (n = 35) and endometrial biopsy (n = 38). On day 30 post AI, pregnancy rates were 40.5%, 33% and 28.5%, respectively (p > 0.1). Pregnancy rate on day 60 was lower (p < 0.004) in flushed cows than in the controls. In Experiment 2, oestrus was detected and cows were assigned to flushing (n = 32) or biopsy (n = 33) treatments 6 days after AI, which resulted in pregnancy rates of 31% and 36%, respectively (p > 0.1). In Experiment 3, cows were, 6 days after TAI, randomly assigned to the following treatments: control (n = 84) or aspiration of the largest follicle (n = 73). Pregnancy rates on day 30 post AI were 63.5% for the control group and 53% for the aspirated group (p > 0.1). In conclusion, uterine flushing and endometrial biopsy negatively affect pregnancy rates, but neither procedure can be considered to be incompatible with pregnancy maintenance. Follicular aspiration during pregnancy does not interact with pregnancy success. The amount and quality of samples obtained are compatible with the use of cellular and molecular analysis of uterine variables from cows that failed or succeeded on maintaining pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - S C Scolari
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Mesquita
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - M Maturana Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - E R Araújo
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - D Cardoso
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento do Extremo Oeste, Andradina, SP, Brazil
| | - J N Sales
- Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - I Martin
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - M Sá Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Bertan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Ahmed HMM, Yeh JY, Tang YC, Cheng WTK, Ou BR. Molecular screening of Chinese medicinal plants for progestogenic and anti-progestogenic activity. J Biosci 2014; 39:453-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Vasconcelos JLM, de Sá Filho OG, Cooke RF. Impacts of Reproductive Technologies on Beef Production in South America. CURRENT AND FUTURE REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND WORLD FOOD PRODUCTION 2014; 752:161-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Treatment of anestrous Nili–Ravi buffaloes using eCG and CIDR protocols. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Timed artificial insemination and early diagnosis of pregnancy to reduce breeding season in Nelore beef cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:623-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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de Sá Filho OG, Vasconcelos JLM. Treatments to Optimize the Use of Artificial Insemination and Reproductive Efficiency in Beef Cattle under Tropical Environments. Vet Med Int 2010; 2011:923053. [PMID: 21076547 PMCID: PMC2976513 DOI: 10.4061/2011/923053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bos indicus cattle, the preferred genetic group in tropical climates, are characterized by having a lower reproductive efficiency than Bos taurus. The reasons for the poorer reproductive efficiency of the Bos indicus cows include longer lengths of gestation and postpartum anestrus, a short length of estrous behavior with a high incidence of estrus occurring during the dark hours, and puberty at older age and at a higher percentage of body weight relative to mature body weight. Moreover, geography, environment, economics, and social traditions are factors contributing for a lower use of reproductive biotechnologies in tropical environments. Hormonal protocols have been developed to resolve some of the reproductive challenges of the Bos indicus cattle and allow artificial insemination, which is the main strategy to hasten genetic improvement in commercial beef ranches. Most of these treatments use exogenous sources of progesterone associated with strategies to improve the final maturation of the dominant follicle, such as temporary weaning and exogenous gonadotropins. These treatments have caused large impacts on reproductive performance of beef cattle reared under tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ocilon Gomes de Sá Filho
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Reproductive performance of prepubertal Bos indicus heifers after progesterone-based treatments. Theriogenology 2010; 74:903-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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