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Lobo MEA, Londoño GC, Rojano BA, Betancur GR. Effect of quercetin, L-ergothioneine and H89 on sperm motility and kinematic pattern, plasma membrane functionality and in vitro heterologous fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved equine semen. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 133:105013. [PMID: 38281608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation causes extensive chemical and physical damage to sperm structure, which generates premature aging and reduces viability and fertility of spermatozoa. The addition of antioxidants to freezing extenders can reduce the oxidative damage caused by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the premature aging could be reduced by adding an enzyme inhibitor that prevents an anticipated capacitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of quercetin (Q), L-ergothioneine (E) and H89 addition to cryopreserved equine spermatozoa. Six experimental groups were stablished: control, Q, E, H89, H89Q and H89E. The analyzed parameters were sperm motility and kinematic using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), plasma membrane functionality with the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) and fertilizing capability with in vitro heterologous fertilization. Quercetin reduced curvilinear velocity (VCL) and increased beat-cross frequency (BCF), while its combination with H89 (H89Q) reduced total motility, progressive motility, VCL and hyperactive sperm (HA). Likewise, H89 and its combination with E (H89E) decreased VCL and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH). No significant differences were observed among treatments for membrane functionality and fertilizing capacity of sperm. In conclusion H89 in combination with Q and E reduced sperm motility or some kinematic parameters. However, they did not influence plasma membrane functionality and in vitro fertilizing capacity of frozen-thawed equine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Eliécer Acosta Lobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas Medellín, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Correa Londoño
- Department of Agronomic Sciences. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Giovanni Restrepo Betancur
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 65 # 59A-110, Medellín, Colombia.
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Talluri TR, Kumaresan A, Paul N, Elango K, Raval K, Nag P, Legha RA, Pal Y. Heterologous Seminal Plasma Reduces the Intracellular Calcium and Sperm Viability of Cryopreserved Stallion Spermatozoa. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:82-87. [PMID: 37466468 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the vital role of seminal plasma (SP) in maintaining sperm function and aiding gamete interaction in many species, SP is usually removed before cryopreservation of stallion sperm to improve cryosurvival of sperm. The present study assessed if the vital sperm functional parameters of genetically superior stallions producing poor quality semen can be enhanced by the supplementation of heterologous SP from the stallion producing high quality semen. Spermatozoa from poor quality semen producing stallions were divided into three aliquots: two aliquots were supplemented with SP obtained from good quality semen producing stallions at the rate of 20% and 30%, respectively, whereas the third aliquot remained as control (0% SP) and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. Sperm membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial superoxide (mtROS) generation, and intracellular calcium status were assessed at different time intervals during incubation by flow cytometry. It was observed that the dead sperm population increased (p < 0.01) during incubation in both the 20% and 30% SP-supplemented groups. However, no significant changes were observed in MMP in both the control and treatment groups at different time intervals. Interestingly, it was found that sperm mtROS production increased (p < 0.01) during incubation in the SP-supplemented groups compared with the control group. The proportion of live spermatozoa with high intracellular calcium was reduced (p < 0.01) during incubation in the SP-incubated groups. Collectively, heterologous SP addition could not repair the damages caused by the cryopreservation and further resulted in deterioration of semen quality as observed in our study by reducing viability, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production possibly due to high proportion of dead cells, or some factors (yet to be identified) that are inducive of oxidative stress in stallion spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kamaraj Elango
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kathan Raval
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pradeep Nag
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Yash Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana
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3
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Zhao J, Meng P, Jin M, Ma X, Ma H, Yang H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Liu J. Combined addition of L-carnitine and L-proline improves cryopreservation of dairy goat semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 257:107325. [PMID: 37677888 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of semen renders artificial insemination easier and cheaper compared to use of fresh semen. However, the cellular oxidative stress, toxicity of cryoprotectants, and osmotic imbalance may lead to a decline in semen quality and fertilization ability during the process of cryopreservation. L-carnitine and L-proline have been demonstrated to possess effective antioxidant properties in cryopreservation, with the latter also exhibiting excellent permeability and thus being utilized as a permeable cryoprotectant in the field. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LC and LP on cryopreservation of semen of dairy goats. After thawing, sperm motility, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity rate of cryopreserved semen treated with LC (50 mM) were significantly higher compared to the untreated control samples. Based on this premise, we conducted experiments to assess the cryoprotective efficacy of different concentrations of LP. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of 50 mM LP resulted in improved sperm motility compared to other concentrations. Furthermore, the levels of damaging reactive oxygen species and the malonyldialdehyde marker for oxidative stress were significantly lower in goat semen treated with these concentrations of LC and LP compared to semen exposed to other treatments. Semen treated with LC and LP also exhibited good fertilization ability during both in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination. Thus, LC (50 mM) and LP (50 mM) improve cryoprotection of dairy goat sperm which suggests that addition of these compounds will be highly beneficial to the development of dairy goat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianghai Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanwen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Contreras MJ, Arias ME, Fuentes F, Muñoz E, Bernecic N, Fair S, Felmer R. Cellular and Molecular Consequences of Stallion Sperm Cryopreservation: Recent Approaches to Improve Sperm Survival. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104499. [PMID: 37105416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of stallion semen does not achieve the post-thaw quality or fertility results observed in other species like cattle. There are many reasons for this, but the membrane composition and intracellular changes in stallion sperm predispose them to low resistance to the cooling, freezing, and subsequent thawing process. Damage to the sperm results from different processes activated during cryopreservation, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and structural modifications in the sperm membrane that increase the deleterious effect on sperm. In addition, significant individual variability is observed among stallions in the ability of sperm to survive the freeze-thaw process. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenetics are making it possible to advance our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes involved in the cryopreservation process, opening new possibilities for improvement. This review addresses the ongoing research on stallion semen cryopreservation, focusing on the cellular and molecular consequences of this procedure in stallions and discusses the new tools currently available to increase the tolerance of equine spermatozoa to freeze-thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Contreras
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - María Elena Arias
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernanda Fuentes
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Doctoral Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erwin Muñoz
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Doctoral Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Naomi Bernecic
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, Biomaterials Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sean Fair
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, Biomaterials Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Felmer
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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5
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Gutiérrez-Cepeda L, Crespo F, Blazquez JC, Serres C. Optimization of the Equine-Sperm Freeze Test in Purebred Spanish Horses by Incorporating Colloidal Centrifugation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030382. [PMID: 36766271 PMCID: PMC9913238 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Purebred Spanish Horse, according to our clinical experience, is characterized by having a high number of stallions that do not meet the international commercial recommendations for equine-sperm cryopreservation. This means that artificial insemination with frozen semen from these stallions is less widespread than in other breeds. In this study, we investigated if the incorporation of single-layer colloidal centrifugation prior to cryopreservation in clinical conditions could increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish stallions suitable for this processing, observing the influence of centrifugation and freezing extender protocol on post-thawed sperm motility. Using colloidal centrifugation, the percentage of ejaculates available to be frozen was increased from 35% (6/17) to 71% (12/17), doubling the number of samples that could have been subjected to cryopreservation. We only found significant differences in linearity (LIN) and lateral head displacement (ALH) after 5 min of incubation at 37 °C between colloidal and simple centrifugation processing techniques. No significant differences were found between the two different colloidal protocols in any of the variables considered. Colloidal centrifugation allowed us to obtain, from worse fresh-quality ejaculates, thawed sperm doses with similar quality to that of good-quality ejaculates. BotuCrio® produced, in general, higher motility parameters and its characteristics than the other extenders analyzed, with significant differences found in comparison to Inra-Freeze® and Lac-Edta in both total (MOT) and progressive motility (PMOT) when using colloidal centrifugation and only in PMOT when applying simple centrifugation. Colloidal centrifugation optimized the efficiency of cryopreservation, as it allowed us to increase the number of ejaculates of Purebred Spanish Horses suitable to be frozen. Including these semen processing techniques in the freeze test could help to optimize equine-sperm cryopreservation protocols, especially when dealing with individuals or breeds for which initially low sperm quality prevents or limits their inclusion in sperm cryopreservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Gutiérrez-Cepeda
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Crespo
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar (CCFAA), C/Arsenio Gutiérrez Palacios s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Blazquez
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar (CCFAA), C/Arsenio Gutiérrez Palacios s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain
| | - Consuelo Serres
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Morse-Wolfe B, Bleach E, Kershaw C. An Investigation of Equine Sperm Quality Following Cryopreservation at Low Sperm Concentration and Repeated Freeze-Thawing. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 120:104167. [PMID: 36464028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Stallion spermatozoa are typically cryopreserved at 200 to 300 million sperm/ml; however recent advances such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) requires only one spermatozoon, wasting many, after thawing a whole straw. Cryopreserving at concentrations less than the current standard or refreezing thawed spermatozoa could maximize the use of genetically valuable animals and reduce waste. This investigation aimed to identify if lowering the sperm concentration for cryopreservation affected post-thaw quality after one and two freeze-thaw cycles. Nine ejaculates were collected from three fertile, "good freezer" stallions (post-thaw motility ≥35%) for experiment 1. Each ejaculate was split into eight treatments: five, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 million sperm/ml and cryopreserved. Post-thaw: motility, viability, acrosome integrity and oxidative stress were assessed. Experiment 2, straws from experiment 1 (300 million sperm/ml) were thawed, diluted to 20 million sperm/ml or left undiluted (control) and refrozen. Post-thaw motility and viability were assessed. In experiment 1 sperm concentration did not affect post-thaw total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM) or viability at 50 to 400 million sperm/ml (P > .05). Whilst sperm concentrations of five to 20 million/ml did differ (post-thaw TM and PM). Both refreezing and reducing spermatozoa concentration, decreased TM, PM and viability (P < .05) after two freeze-thaw cycles. These results suggest cryopreserving at sperm concentrations as low as 50 million/ml maintains spermatozoa quality in good freezer stallions. Spermatozoa maintained some motility and viability when initially cryopreserved at 20 million sperm/ml and after two freeze-thaw cycles but research should investigate more optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Morse-Wolfe
- Animal Science Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, UK; Stallion AI Services Ltd, Chapelfield Stud, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK.
| | - Emma Bleach
- Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, UK.
| | - Claire Kershaw
- Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, UK.
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Hernández-Avilés C, Ramírez-Agámez L, Varner DD, Love CC. Effects of egg yolk level, penetrating cryoprotectant, and pre-freeze cooling rate, on the post-thaw quality of stallion sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 248:107162. [PMID: 36469980 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The current study determined the effect of the egg-yolk (phospholipid source) level (egg yolk [20% EY] vs. skim-milk + egg yolk [SM + 2% EY]), cryoprotectant (glycerol [Gly] vs. glycerol + methylformamide [Gly + MF]), and pre-freeze cooling rate (-0.1 vs. -1 vs. -5 °C/min) on post-thaw stallion sperm quality. In Experiment 1, ejaculates (n = 27) from 9 stallions (3 ejaculates each) with varied sperm quality (High, Average, or Low) were frozen in EY-Gly, SMEY-Gly, EY-Gly + MF, or SMEY-Gly + MF extenders. Sperm in each group were cooled from 22° to 5°C using either -0.1 °C/min or -1 °C/min linear cooling rates prior to freezing. In Experiment 2, ejaculates (n = 24) from 12 stallions (2 ejaculates each) with High or Average sperm quality were frozen in EY-Gly, EY-Gly + MF, or in BotuCrio (BC) extenders. Sperm in each group were cooled from 22° to 5°C using either -1 or -5 °C/min linear cooling rates prior to freezing. In Experiment 1, for stallions with High or Average sperm quality, either cooling rate generally resulted in lower sperm quality for the SMEY-based extenders than for the EY-based extenders (P < 0.05). Stallions with Low sperm quality were unaffected by any experimental treatment (P > 0.05). In Experiment 2, a -5 °C/min cooling rate yielded lower sperm quality in BC than in EY-Gly or EY-Gly + MF groups (P < 0.05); however, a -1 °C/min cooling rate yielded similar sperm quality among these treatments (P > 0.05). In summary, the phospholipid level in the freezing extender and the pre-freeze cooling rate, but not the penetrating cryoprotectant, affected the post-thaw quality of stallion sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Hernández-Avilés
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Luisa Ramírez-Agámez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dickson D Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Charles C Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Araújo Silva RAJ, Monteiro MM, Costa JAS, Mergulhão FCC, Monteiro PLJ, Silva DMF, Santos Filho AS, Souza AF, Batista AM, Guerra MMP. Dimethylformamide Preserves the Integrity of Cryopreserved Goat Semen in a Soybean Lecithin-Based Extender. Biopreserv Biobank 2022; 20:502-508. [PMID: 34788548 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the cryoprotectant effects of dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as substitutes for glycerol (GLY) in a soybean lecithin (SL)-based extender in the cryopreservation of buck sperm. In this study, the semen of three Saanen bucks was individually extended in SL supplemented with 5% GLY (control), DMF, EG, or DMSO. After this, the extended semen was cryopreserved and two straws from each group were thawed (37°C for 30 seconds), pooled, and analyzed for sperm motion parameters, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), acrosomal integrity (ACI), and high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP). Samples were analyzed after 15 minutes (T0) and after 2 hours of incubation at 37°C (T2). The results revealed higher values of motility (total and progressive) and sperm motion parameters for DMF than the other cryoprotectants (p < 0.0001). PMI and HMMP did not differ (p > 0.05) between GLY and DMF, but ACI was higher (p < 0.01) for DMF compared with GLY. Based on these results, DMF and GLY samples were used in heterologous in vitro fertilization assays by using bovine oocytes (n = 337) obtained from a slaughterhouse. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed between GLY and DMF for unfertilized (GLY: 38.8%; DMF: 25.33%), pronucleus (GLY: 25.68%; DMF: 27.92%), and cleavage rates (GLY: 35.52%; DMF: 46.75%). Based on these results, it is concluded that DMF preserves sperm motion characteristics and ACI better than GLY, EG, and DMSO, and it is the penetrating cryoprotectant of choice for the cryopreservation of buck sperm in SL extender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Millena M Monteiro
- Andrology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Joana A S Costa
- Andrology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Flávio C C Mergulhão
- Andrology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo M F Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Animal e Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia F Souza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - André M Batista
- Andrology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Madalena P Guerra
- Andrology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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9
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Relevance of Aquaporins for Gamete Function and Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050573. [PMID: 35268142 PMCID: PMC8909058 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interaction between cells and the extracellular medium is of great importance; changes in medium composition can drive water movement across plasma membranes. Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels involved in the transport of water and some solutes across membranes. When sperm enter the female reproductive tract after ejaculation, they encounter a drastic change in extracellular composition, which leads to water flowing across the plasma membrane. This triggers a series of events that are crucial to allowing fertilization to take place, such as regulation of sperm motility. In the context of assisted reproduction techniques (ART), long-term storage of gametes is sometimes required, and, during cryopreservation, these cells undergo drastic changes in extracellular medium composition. As a result, AQPs are crucial in both sperm and oocytes during this process. Cryopreservation is of considerable importance for fertility preservation in livestock, endangered species and for individuals undergoing certain medical treatments that compromise their fertility. Further research to fully elucidate the roles and underlying mechanisms of AQPs in mammalian sperm is therefore warranted. Abstract The interaction between cells and the extracellular medium is of great importance, and drastic changes in extracellular solute concentrations drive water movement across the plasma membrane. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane channels that allow the transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes. Different members of this family have been identified in gametes. In sperm, they are relevant to osmoadaptation after entering the female reproductive tract, which is crucial for sperm motility activation and capacitation and, thus, for their fertilizing ability. In addition, they are relevant during the cryopreservation process, since some members of this family are also permeable to glycerol, one of the most frequently used cryoprotective agents in livestock. Regarding oocytes, AQPs are very important in their maturation but also during cryopreservation. Further research to define the exact sets of AQPs that are present in oocytes from different species is needed, since the available literature envisages certain AQPs and their roles but does not provide complete information on the whole set of AQPs. This is of considerable importance because, in sperm, specific AQPs are known to compensate the role of non-functional members.
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10
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Hidalgo M. Recent advances in donkey sperm vitrification. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1274-1278. [PMID: 34418185 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) with cryopreserved semen is an important tool to preserve endangered species, including European donkey breeds. Sperm vitrification is an alternative method to conventional freezing using high cooling rates and non-permeable cryoprotectant agents (CPAs). In donkeys, sperm vitrification was firstly developed in spheres by directly dropping the sperm (30 µl) into the liquid nitrogen. The vitrification media contained a combination of sucrose and bovine serum albumin as non-permeable CPAs and resulted in better sperm parameters after warming than extenders containing glycerol. Thereafter, sperm vitrification was optimized using an aseptic protocol, which consists of volumes up to 160 µl vitrified at 300 million sperm/ml using 0.25-ml straws with outer covers, obtaining similar sperm parameters as conventional freezing for total motility (52.7 ± 15.6% versus. 58.2 ± 16.1%), progressive motility (44.3 ± 15.0% versus. 44.7 ± 18.2%) and plasma membrane integrity (49.2 ± 11.2% versus. 55.4 ± 9.0%), respectively. In order to vitrify larger volumes of sperm, a procedure using 0.5-ml straws was evaluated; however, this methodology failed when compared to conventional freezing or other vitrification protocols, obtaining poor sperm quality after warming. Recently, a new methodology was developed for warming 0.25-ml straws in a water bath and after AI using the vitrified sperm, the uterine inflammatory response solved faster, and pregnancy rates were greater (22%) than frozen semen (10%) but not statistically different. In conclusion, all these findings confirm that sperm vitrification can be performed in donkeys as an alternative to conventional freezing for AI in jennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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11
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Arregui L, Martinez-Pastor F, Arroyo F, Gosálvez J. Determining the effects of sperm activation in anuran cloaca on motility and DNA integrity in Epidalea calamita (Bufonidae). Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:438-446. [PMID: 34399881 DOI: 10.1071/rd21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of time inside the animal's cloaca on sperm quality after hormone-induced spermiation is unknown. However, this knowledge is critical for the development of assisted reproductive biotechnologies in amphibians. Out-of-season spermatozoa were collected from Epidalea calamita for 4h after injection of 10IU g-1 human chorionic gonadotrophin either hourly (Group I (n=10); four samples per male) or every 2h (Group II (n=9); two samples per male). Sperm samples were assessed for motility and DNA integrity using the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test and the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The collection strategy affected total motility (mean (±s.e.m.) 84.4±9.9% vs 73.6±16.7% in Group I and II respectively; P=0.014) and the sperm motility index (67.6±17.7% vs 57.6±16.3% in Group I and II respectively; P=0.034). There was a significant effect of the male in Group II, but not in Group I. In Group I, the quality of the first samples collected was lower than that of samples collected thereafter (P ≤ 0.032). No significant correlations were found between the results of the SCD test and SCSA, showing that these techniques provide different information in this species. In conclusion, collecting spermatozoa every hour resulted in better sperm quality and may be more efficient. However, the between-male differences were considerable and collection of spermatozoa at just 1h after hormone treatment produced lower-quality spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Arregui
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain; and Corresponding author
| | - Felipe Martinez-Pastor
- Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain; and Department of Molecular Biology (Cell Biology), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain
| | - Francisca Arroyo
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Paul RK, Kumar D, Singh R. Carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol act synergistically as cryoprotectant during cryopreservation of ram semen. Cryobiology 2021; 101:61-66. [PMID: 34102184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wider implementation of AI in sheep in the field condition has not been possible till date due to very poor conception rate after cervical insemination with cryopreserved semen. Poor cervical penetrability in ewe and diminished sperm functions in cryopreserved semen are considered responsible for it. In the present study, effect of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on post-thaw qualities of ram semen was investigated. Ejaculates from eight adult Malpura rams were pooled and diluted (800 × 106 sperm mL-1) with TES-Tris-fructose-egg yolk extender having either 5 or 6% glycerol and supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% (w/v) CMC and packaged into 0.25 mL French mini straws. The straws were progressively cooled to 5 °C inside a cold cabinet (5 °C) and then equilibrated for 22 h inside a refrigerator (2-5 °C). Straws were frozen at -25 °C min-1 up to -125 °C using a programmable cell freezer (Planer Biomed R-204, UK) and finally plunged into liquid nitrogen. The post-thaw progressive motility was higher (P < 0.05) in 0.75% CMC-treated group compared to control. Overall, both pre-freeze and post-thaw sperm kinetics was comparable between CMC-treated and control groups. The post-thaw sperm viability, acrosomal integrity and sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential (hMMP) were relatively higher while sperm with high membrane cholesterol was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in presence of 0.25% CMC compared to the control. Both sperm having hMMP and non-capacitated sperm were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in presence of 5% glycerol than 6% glycerol. Similarly, functional membrane integrity (FMI) was higher in presence of 5% glycerol than 6% glycerol when CMC was added at 0.5% to extender. In conclusion, both 0.25% CMC and 5% glycerol resulted in improvement in several post-thaw sperm functions in cryopreserved ram semen. Thus CMC demonstrated cryoprotective effect on ram sperm in a synergistic manner with glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kr Paul
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Via- Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304 501, India.
| | - D Kumar
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Via- Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304 501, India
| | - R Singh
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Via- Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304 501, India
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13
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da Silva LS, Ruivo MA, da Cruz TM, Meneguello JE, Pilau EJ, Caruso ÍP, de Moraes GV, Martinez AC, Seixas FAV. Structural and biophysical characterization of the major proteins from the seminal plasma of Dorper rams. Theriogenology 2021; 166:64-70. [PMID: 33689929 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy rates using frozen semen from rams are higher than for horses. One of the factors that positively influences this effect is the composition of low-molecular-weight proteins from seminal plasma, since the amounts of these proteins are much lower in horses. The aim of this work was to purify the major protein components from ram seminal plasma for structural and biophysical characterization. First, the ram semen was collected and the plasma separated by centrifugation. The protein fractions were isolated by gel filtration chromatography, analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy and the amino acid sequence identified by mass spectrometry (LC-MSE), the results of which were used to model the protein structure by bioinformatics techniques. This protein was identified by LC-MSE as a spermadhesin, being an unglycosylated monomer with Tm = 69.3 °C and ΔHm= 371 kJ mol-1 at pH 7.0. This work describes for the first time the structural characterization of a spermadhesin from seminal plasma of Dorper rams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Sitó da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maycon Araújo Ruivo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tainá Michelle da Cruz
- Department of Technology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jean Eduardo Meneguello
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Putinhon Caruso
- Department of Physics and Biomolecular Innovation Center (CMIB), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Macromolecules, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gentil Vanini de Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
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14
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Cook NL, Masterson KR, Battaglia D, Beck R, Metcalf ES. Dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol as cryoprotectant agents of stallion semen: effects on blastocyst rates following intracytoplasmic sperm injection of IVM equine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:253-258. [PMID: 32172784 DOI: 10.1071/rd19266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous variables affect invitro blastocyst development following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The paternal factor is affected by initial semen quality, processing techniques and final selection of individual spermatozoon for injection. This study investigated whether there was an effect of sperm cryoprotectant agent (CPA) on equine invitro blastocyst production, and reviews recent developments examining how processing equine semen affects ICSI outcomes. Single ejaculates from five stallions were collected and processed in a freezing extender containing either 1M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 3.5% glycerol. Immature equine oocytes were obtained from ovarian follicles of mares during diestrus by transvaginal aspiration (n=128). After invitro maturation, MII oocytes (n=90) were fertilised by ICSI with thawed stallion spermatozoa (n=45 in both the DMSO and glycerol groups). The embryo cleavage rate was greater in the DMSO than glycerol group (73.3% vs 46.7% respectively; P=0.0098), but the blastocyst development rate per fertilised oocyte was similar between the two groups (28.9% vs 15.6% respectively; P=0.128), as was the blastocyst production rate per cleaved embryo (39.4% vs 33.3% respectively; P=0.653). In this study, cryopreservation of equine spermatozoa in 1M DMSO was correlated with significantly higher cleavage rates in IVM oocytes fertilised by ICSI compared with spermatozoa cryopreserved using 3.5% glycerol. Although not statistically significant in this small number of stallions, increased blastocyst production and individual stallion variability was observed among CPA treatments. This warrants further critical examination of cryoprotectants used in equine sperm subpopulations used for ICSI in a larger number of stallions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Cook
- Advanced Equine Reproduction, 1123 Fredensborg Cyn Rd, Solvang, CA 93463, USA; and Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH10F, Portland, OR 97239, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - Keith R Masterson
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH10F, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Battaglia
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH10F, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rick Beck
- In-Foal, Inc., 39185 Diamond Valley Rd, Hemet, CA 92543, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Metcalf
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH10F, Portland, OR 97239, USA; and Honahlee, PC, 14005 SW Tooze Rd, Sherwood, OR 97239, USA
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15
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USUGA ALEXANDRA, ROJANO BENJAMIN, RESTREPO GIOVANNI. Lyophilized seminal plasma can improve stallion semen freezability. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i2.98769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lyophilized seminal plasma (LSP) on stallion semen freezability. Seminal plasma from 30 stallions was lyophilized to obtain a pool of LSP. Fifteen ejaculates from five stallions were supplemented before freezing with 0 mg/mL (Control), 1.44 mg/mL (LSP1), 5.04 mg/mL (LSP2) or 8.68 mg/ mL (LSP3) of LSP. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of LSP was assessed using Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay. Post-thaw motility and kinetics, sperm viability, normal morphology and membrane integrity were evaluated. Completely randomized mixed models were fitted for data analyses. The results was analyzed based on freezability of semen samples. TAC for LSP pool was 13679.4±911.6 μmol Trolox 100/g (ORAC units). Semen supplementation with LSP1 and LSP2 showed a positive effect on post-thaw total motility and membrane integrity. Supplementation with LSP3 showed a decrease in post-thaw total and progressive motility, straight line velocity and sperm viability. For poor freezability semen samples, supplementation with LSP1 and LSP2, showed higher post-thaw total motility and membrane integrity than good freezability semen samples. In conclusion, supplementation with LSP can improve the post-thaw seminal quality of stallion semen with poor freezability.
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16
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Snoeck PPDN, Pessoa THO, Pereira MGS, Bastos ICL, de Melo MIV. Can we use LDL instead of egg yolk in BotuCrio® extender to cryopreserve sperm from the Mangalarga Marchador stallion? Anim Reprod 2019; 16:340-347. [PMID: 33224296 PMCID: PMC7673584 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the BotuCrio® extender with the Merk - egg yolk and the INRA 82 modified by the inclusion of acetamide, methyl cellulose and trehalose in substitution of glycerol for freezing equine semen. The semen was diluted after centrifugation to obtain 100 x 106 of sperm/ml in: BotuCrio® (control); Merk - egg yolk or INRA 82 modified (Experiment 1). The extended semen was packaged in 0.5 ml straws, cooled and frozen in a freezing machine. The control extender was superior in preserving the motility, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and the BCF when compared to the Merk - egg yolk and INRA 82 modified (P < 0.05). The BotuCrio® preserved more effectively the equine sperm viability characteristics evaluated in Experiment 1 and was used as a control extender in Experiment 2 to test the effectiveness of using LDL in replacement of egg yolk. BotuCrio® was superior to preserve progressive motility, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and the percentage of functional integrity of sperm membranes compared to BotuCrio LDL (P < 0.05). However, both extenders preserved similarly the total motility, ALH, BCF and the structural integrity of the membranes (P > 0.05). The fertility rate after AI with frozen semen in BotuCrio LDL was 37.5%.
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17
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Álvarez C, González N, Luño V, Gil L. Ejaculated compared with epididymal stallion sperm vitrification. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 211:106205. [PMID: 31785641 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trehalose and lactose extenders on ejaculated and epididymal stallion sperm vitrification. Ejaculated semen samples were collected from seven fertile stallions, and cauda epididymis samples were collected from ten stallion carcasses after slaughter. Both the ejaculated and the epididymis samples were diluted and vitrified using INRA 96® and bovine serum albumin as well as trehalose or lactose. As a control, ejaculated and epididymal samples were collected and frozen using the conventional method. Vitrification was performed by immersing sperm suspensions directly in LN2. After thawing or devitrification, there was assessment of samples for sperm motility using computer-assisted analysis. Viability was assessed using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI) and acrosome integrity by fluorescein using isothiocyanate combined with peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) and PI. Epididymal sperm vitrification with trehalose (EPT) or lactose (EPL) resulted in greater progressive sperm motility than sperm of the control sample (EPC). After post-thaw/devitrification of sperm in the EPT group, sperm motility was greater (P<0.001) compared to that using EPL (50.72 ± 5.09% compared with 34.21 ± 3.02%). The results from assessment of ejaculated sperm samples after undergoing the vitrification process indicated cells were less viable (P<0.001) than the control (EJC) sample. In conclusion, vitrification of epididymal stallion sperm using trehalose might be a beneficial alternative for the long-term storage of sperm samples with great economic value. Spermatozoa from vitrified ejaculates of stallions, however, had lesser motility and viability rates than samples subjected to conventional freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Álvarez
- Military Horse Breeding Center in Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - N González
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - V Luño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - L Gil
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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18
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Kumar P, Kumar R, Mehta JS, Chaudhary AK, Ravi SK, Chandra Mehta S, Ansari MM, Legha RA, Tripathi BN, Talluri TR. Ameliorative Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione in Combating the Cryoinjuries During Cryopreservation of Exotic Jack Semen. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 81:102796. [PMID: 31668302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to study the adverse effects of cryopreservation and evaluation of the cryoprotective effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on exotic jack semen in combination or alone. For this, 24 semen samples from four adult and fertile jacks were collected via artificial vagina using an estrus jenny as dummy. After semen collection, the semen was evaluated for various qualitative and quantitative parameters in fresh, cooled, and frozen-thawed semen. The semen pellet was extended with the freezing extender containing either AA (0.9 g/L), GSH (2.5 mM), or combination of both (AA 0.9 g/L + GSH 2.5 mM), and another aliquot was kept as control without adding the antioxidants. The jack semen underwent cryodamage, which was evident by the observation of significant (P < .05) decline in the seminal quantitative parameters at various stages of cryopreservation process. Prefreeze and postthaw semen evaluation revealed that the values of plasma membrane, acrosome integrity, and chromatin integrity were found to be significantly higher (P < .01) in the group of samples supplemented with the combination (0.9 g/L AA +2.5 mM GSH) than AA- and GSH-alone or control groups. Supplementation of antioxidants to the freezing extender improved jack prefreeze and postthaw semen quality with the superiority of GSH over AA alone. From the present study, it was inferred that, exotic jack spermatozoa are susceptible to injuries because of cryopreservation, but these cryo-induced damage can be ameliorated significantly (P < .05) with the use of antioxidants and contribute to the improvement of semen cryopreservation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rabindra Kumar
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Mehta
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Chaudhary
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Ravi
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sharat Chandra Mehta
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohd Matin Ansari
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Avtar Legha
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bupendra Nath Tripathi
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.
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Šichtař J, Bubeníčková F, Sirohi J, Šimoník O. How to Increase Post-Thaw Semen Quality in Poor Freezing Stallions: Preliminary Results of the Promising Role of Seminal Plasma Added after Thawing. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070414. [PMID: 31277261 PMCID: PMC6680634 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of two types of seminal plasma (SP) after thawing on the functional characteristics of frozen-thawed (F-T) spermatozoa of poor freezing stallions during prolonged incubation periods. Seminal plasma from stallions with 35-40% (standard seminal plasma, (S-SP)) and 60-70% (above standard seminal plasma, (A-SP)) progressively motile spermatozoa after thawing was used. The motility, kinematic parameters (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis), distribution of spermatozoa into subpopulations, integrity (carboxyfluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining), and functionality (hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test) of the spermatozoa plasma membrane were evaluated after thawing (T0) and after 30 min (T30) of incubation at 37 °C. There was no effect of SP addition on spermatozoa motility, but there was a significant positive effect on the kinematic parameters at T0 and T30. The addition of SP significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa in the fast subpopulation at T0 as well as at T30. Plasma membrane integrity was not affected by the treatment, but functionality significantly decreased by 5% compared to the control group when samples were incubated for 30 min with A-SP. In conclusion, generally, the post-thaw addition of seminal plasma positively affected the post-thaw quality of semen from poor freezing stallions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Šichtař
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Filipa Bubeníčková
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Sirohi
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šimoník
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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20
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Gonzalez-Castro RA, Trentin JM, Carnevale EM, Graham JK. Effects of extender, cryoprotectants and thawing protocol on motility of frozen-thawed stallion sperm that were refrozen for intracytoplasmic sperm injection doses. Theriogenology 2019; 136:36-42. [PMID: 31242456 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of different freezing extenders, cryoprotectant agents (CPA) and initial thawing temperatures for preparing doses of refrozen stallion sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Single ejaculates, from twelve stallions, were frozen in lactose-EDTA-egg yolk extender (LE) with 5% glycerol. In experiment 1, sperm were initially thawed to 5 °C or 37 °C, before being diluted in LE or skim milk-egg yolk extender (SMEY) containing either 5% glycerol (GLY), 5% methylformamide (MF) or 5% of a combination of both (GMF). In experiment 2, frozen sperm were initially thawed to 5 °C, diluted and refrozen in SMEY containing 2, 4, 6 or 8% GLY or GMF. In Experiment 1, sperm motility was reduced after each cryopreservation cycle (P < 0.05). Extender type did not affect motility after refreezing (P > 0.05), but sperm initially thawed to 5 °C exhibited higher motility than sperm thawed to 37 °C (P < 0.05). In addition, sperm refrozen in SMEY containing MF or GMF exhibited higher motility than sperm refrozen in GLY alone (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, there was an interaction between CPA and CPA concentration (P < 0.05). Sperm refrozen with GMF had higher motility than refrozen sperm with GLY (P < 0.05), and while GLY concentration did not affect post-thaw motility (P > 0.05). Sperm refrozen with 6 or 8% GMF exhibited the highest motility (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sperm motility is best maintained when thawing and refreezing stallion sperm in low sperm concentration ICSI doses by initially thawing the sperm to 5 °C and diluting the sperm in a freezing extender with 8% GMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Gonzalez-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Equine Reproduction Laboratory, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Janislene M Trentin
- Graduate Program in Animal Medicine (Equine), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Equine Reproduction Laboratory, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - James K Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Equine Reproduction Laboratory, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
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21
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Blommaert D, Sergeant N, Delehedde M, Jouy N, Mitchell V, Franck T, Donnay I, Lejeune J, Serteyn D. Expression, localization, and concentration of A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) and its precursor (proAKAP4) in equine semen: Promising marker correlated to the total and progressive motility in thawed spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2019; 131:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Álvarez C, Luño V, González N, Guerra P, Gil L. Effect of Mare Colostrum in Extenders for Freezing Stallion Semen. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 77:23-27. [PMID: 31133311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the addition of mare colostrum in stallion freezing extenders to improve sperm quality. First, colostrum samples were collected from four mares after the foal's birth and their composition was determined. Ejaculates were collected from nine fertile stallions. Sperm samples were pooled, diluted, and cryopreserved into three experimental extender groups: Lactose-based extender supplemented with mare colostrum (20%), lactose-based extender supplemented with egg yolk (20%), and BotuCrio. The quality of the post-thaw semen samples were evaluated assessing sperm motility by means of computer-assisted analysis, viability by SYBR-14 and propidium iodine (PI) stain, acrosome integrity by fluorescein isothiocyanate and peanut agglutinine (FITC-PNA) and PI stain, plasma membrane functionality by hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test, and DNA denaturation by acridine orange (AO) test. There were no significant differences in the percentages of total motility, acrosome integrity, and DNA fragmentation among the extenders after thawing. Kinematics parameters showed significantly higher values in BotuCrio than in lactose extenders (P < .05). BotuCrio and lactose colostrum extender yielded significantly better rates for HOS-test, linearity, straightness, and wobble than egg-yolk extender (P < .05). However, in relation to sperm viability, lactose egg yolk extender showed significantly better results in comparison to the others seminal experimental media (P < .05). In conclusion, the incorporation of mare colostrum into cryopreservation media protected the sperm against cold-shock; therefore, it may be a good cryoprotectant agent alternative in extenders for freezing stallion semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Álvarez
- Chief Veterinary Officer of the Veterinary Unit, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Victoria Luño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Noelia González
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Guerra
- Chief Veterinary Officer of the Veterinary Unit, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lydia Gil
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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Effects of different concentration and combinations of cryoprotectants on sperm quality, functional integrity in three Indian horse breeds. Cryobiology 2019; 86:52-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Treulen F, Aguila L, Arias ME, Jofré I, Felmer R. Impact of post-thaw supplementation of semen extender with antioxidants on the quality and function variables of stallion spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 201:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Rota A, Sabatini C, Przybył A, Ciaramelli A, Panzani D, Camillo F. Post-thaw Addition of Caffeine and/or Pentoxifylline Affect Differently Motility of Horse and Donkey-Cryopreserved Spermatozoa. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 75:41-47. [PMID: 31002091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To increase sperm motility, several molecules have been tested in mammals. Methylxanthines have shown effects on sperm motility, capacitation, and on in vitro fertilization processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate if the post-thaw addition of caffeine and/or pentoxifylline changes motility parameters of cryopreserved stallion and donkey spermatozoa. Straws derived from 14 horses and 7 donkeys were thawed and diluted in a milk-based extender to obtain the following final concentrations: CTR (control, no additives), CAF 5 (5 mM caffeine), CAF 10 (10 mM caffeine), PTX 5 (5 mM pentoxifylline), PTX 10 (10 mM pentoxifylline), CAF-PTX (5 mM caffeine and 5 mM pentoxifylline). Samples were evaluated immediately post-thaw and after 60 and 120 minutes of incubation at 37°C. In horses, overall total motility was significantly lower in CTR than in to CAF5, CAF-PTX, PTX5, PTX10, whereas progressive motility increased only in CAF5 and PTX5 (P < .05). No differences between control and treatments were seen for donkey semen. In CTR, during the first hour of incubation horses' sperm cells showed a larger decrease than donkeys' ones in all parameters (P < .05), except for lateral sperm head displacement. Thus, post-thaw motility and velocity decreased more sharply in horses than in donkeys. Caffeine and pentoxifylline-added post-thaw were able to increase the proportion of motile spermatozoa only for stallions and not for donkeys. Whether the improvement in post-thaw motility of equine spermatozoa may have an effect on in vivo or in vitro pregnancy rates remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rota
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Duccio Panzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Camillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Restrepo G, Varela E, Duque JE, Gómez JE, Rojas M. Freezing, Vitrification, and Freeze-Drying of Equine Spermatozoa: Impact on Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Lipid Peroxidation, and DNA Integrity. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 72:8-15. [PMID: 30929788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of equine sperm subjected to preservation protocols is essential for the successful development of assisted reproduction procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, and DNA integrity of equine sperm subjected to freezing, vitrification, and freeze-drying. Eight ejaculates obtained from four Colombian Creole horses were subjected to programmable freezing, vitrification, and freeze-drying. After thawing or rehydration, sperm motility and kinetics were assessed through a CASA system. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of the spermatozoa were assessed by flow cytometry using the DiOC6 (3), C11-Bodipy 581/591, and propidium iodide (PI) fluorescent dyes. The statistical analysis was conducted via generalized linear models, mean comparisons via the Duncan test, and a principal component analysis. A higher rate of spermatozoa with a high ΔΨM was found for freeze-drying (40.26 ± 7.79%) compared with freezing (21.82 ± 5.38%) and vitrification (5.32 ± 1.17%) (P < .05). Likewise, a higher rate of nonperoxidized viable spermatozoa (Bodipy-/PI-) was found for freeze-drying (35.98 ± 7.01%) in relation to frozen (10.34 ± 2.69%) and vitrified (7.07 ± 2.00%) sperm (P < .05). The DFI of vitrified spermatozoa (0.12 ± 0.04%) was higher when compared with the frozen (0.03 ± 0.01%) and freeze-dried (0.02 ± 0.01%) samples (P < .05). The researchers conclude that vitrification generates greater sperm alterations than freeze-drying and freezing, whereas freeze-drying produces lower LPO and higher ΔΨM for equine spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Restrepo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Elizabeth Varela
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Esteban Duque
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Gómez
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Institute of Medical Research, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Catandi G, Gonzalez-Castro R, Trentin J, Corder M, Sanches F, Stokes J, Graham J, Carnevale E. Filtration of Commercial Extenders Prior to Refreezing Stallion Sperm for ICSI. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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RESTREPO G, ROJANO B. Isoespintanol improves the post-thaw quality of stallion semen. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i1.79427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the effect of the egg yolk powder in place of fresh egg yolk (EY) in the semen diluent on semen morphological attributes (SMAs) and mobility & velocity profiles measured by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA) in cryopreserved mithun semen. A total of 25 ejaculates were collected through rectal massage method from five healthy mithun bulls (five ejaculates in each bull) and diluted with the standard tris citrate glycerol (TCG) extender and were splited into four equal aliquots: Gr I: control (20% EY); Gr II, III and IV contained 5, 8 and 10% EY powder, respectively. SMAs, CASA parameters were evaluated following freezingthawing of semen. Result revealed significant (p<0.05) improvement was observed in these SMAs and CASA parameters in Gr II and III as compared to Gr I and IV. It was concluded that inclusion of 5% or 8% EY powder in semen diluent holds a clear advantage and higher benefits over 20% fresh EY in cryopreservation of mithun semen.
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Acha D, Hidalgo M, Ortiz I, Gálvez MJ, Carrasco JJ, Gómez-Arrones V, Dorado J. Freezability of Andalusian donkey (Equus asinus) spermatozoa: effect of extenders and permeating cryoprotectants. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 28:1990-1998. [PMID: 26129907 DOI: 10.1071/rd14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two semen extenders and four permeating cryoprotectants on post-thaw sperm quality of Andalusian donkeys. First, 32 ejaculates were pooled, split and frozen in either Gent B or INRA 96 with egg yolk and glycerol. Second, 12 pooled semen samples were simultaneously frozen in Gent B (glycerol) or Gent A containing ethylene glycol (EG; 1 or 1.5%) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 1.5 or 2%). Finally, nine pooled samples were simultaneously cryopreserved in Gent A containing 1% EG (as control), dimethylformamide (DMFA; 1 or 2.5%) or a combination of 1% EG and 1.5% DMFA. Gent B yielded a higher (P<0.01) post-thaw sperm motility than modified INRA96. EG 1% increased the sperm membrane integrity (P<0.001), whereas DMSO affected sperm motility and membrane integrity (P<0.001). DMFA 2.5% yielded higher (P<0.001) values for sperm motility and membrane integrity. We concluded that Gent B improves in vitro post-thaw sperm quality of donkey spermatozoa, but the replacement of glycerol with 1% EG or 2.5% DMFA increased sperm protection against cryodamage. The use of DMSO for freezing donkey semen was unsuccessful and a toxic effect is suspected. These extenders should be included in the pre-freeze test for each donkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Acha
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales (Edif. Hospital Clínico Veterinario), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales (Edif. Hospital Clínico Veterinario), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - I Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales (Edif. Hospital Clínico Veterinario), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Gálvez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales (Edif. Hospital Clínico Veterinario), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J J Carrasco
- Equine Reproduction Center, Centro de Selección y Reproducción Animal, (CENSYRA-Extremadura Government), Camino Santa Engracia, S/N (Estación Pecuaria), 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - V Gómez-Arrones
- Equine Reproduction Center, Centro de Selección y Reproducción Animal, (CENSYRA-Extremadura Government), Camino Santa Engracia, S/N (Estación Pecuaria), 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales (Edif. Hospital Clínico Veterinario), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Diaz-Jimenez M, Dorado J, Ortiz I, Consuegra C, Pereira B, Gonzalez-De Cara C, Aguilera R, Mari G, Mislei B, Love C, Hidalgo M. Cryopreservation of donkey sperm using non-permeable cryoprotectants. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 189:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Salamone DF, Canel NG, Rodríguez MB. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in domestic and wild mammals. Reproduction 2017; 154:F111-F124. [PMID: 29196493 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become a useful technique for clinical applications in the horse-breeding industry. However, both ICSI blastocyst and offspring production continues to be limited for most farm and wild species. This article reviews technical differences of ICSI performance among species, possible biological and methodological reasons for the variable efficiency and potential strategies to improve the outcomes. One of the major applications of ICSI in animal production is the reproduction of high-value specimens. Unfortunately, some domestic species like the bovine show low rates of pronuclei formation after sperm injection, which led to the development of various artificial activation protocols and sperm pre-treatments that are discussed in this article. The impact of ICSI technique on equine breeding programs is considered in detail, since in contrast to other species, its use for elite horse reproduction has increased in recent years. ICSI has also been used to produce genetically modified animals; however, despite numerous attempts in several domestic species, only transgenic pigs have been consistently produced. Finally, the ICSI is a promising tool for genetic rescue of endangered and wild species. In conclusion, while ICSI has become a consistent ART for some species, it needs further development for others. The low results obtained for some domestic species, the high training needed and the equipment required have limited this technique to the production of elite specimens or for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Salamone
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICETBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia G Canel
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICETBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICETBuenos Aires, Argentina
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Impact of supplementation of semen extender with antioxidants on the quality of chilled or cryopreserved Arabian stallion spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2017; 79:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Effects of glycerol concentration on the motility of equine spermatozoa after thawing. ACTA VET BRNO 2017. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201786030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different glycerol concentrations on stallion sperm motility after thawing. For statistical analysis 228 ejaculates were used. The semen was filtrated to remove gel fraction; macroscopic and microscopic evaluation was done. After evaluation the ejaculates were centrifuged, the supernatant was removed and the spermatozoa were re-suspended in French diluent with different concentrations of glycerol (2.0; 2.5; 4.0 and 6.0%). The choice of concentration of glycerol for a particular ejaculate was completely random. The spermatozoa were packed into 0.5 ml straws and placed for 2 h in a fridge (4 °C). Then the straws were placed in liquid nitrogen vapor (-80 to -100 °C) and after 10 min plunged into liquid nitrogen and stored at -196 °C for at least 48 h. The selected straws were individually thawed in a 38 °C water bath for 30 s prior to post-freezing analysis. Two progressive motilities using phase contrast microscopy (magnification × 400) were recorded: motility II immediately after thawing and motility III after 2 h incubation in a 38 °C water bath. The Spearmen/Kendall rang correlation test was selected to prove whether there is a correlation between the selected indices (glycerol concentration and motility II and motility III). Nonparametric multiple group analysis (Steel-Dwass test) was applied for finding the differences between groups. The Spearman/Kendall rang correlation proved a relationship between motility II and glycerol concentration. It can be stated that in this study the best glycerol concentration for freezing equine spermatozoa is with a concentration of 4.0% glycerol.
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Oldenhof H, Bigalk J, Hettel C, de Oliveira Barros L, Sydykov B, Bajcsy ÁC, Sieme H, Wolkers WF. Stallion Sperm Cryopreservation Using Various Permeating Agents: Interplay Between Concentration and Cooling Rate. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:422-431. [PMID: 28805449 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, modeling and experimental approaches were used to investigate the interplay between cooling rate and protectant concentration for cryopreservation of stallion sperm. Glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG), dimethylformamide (DMF), propylene glycol (PG), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were tested as cryoprotective agents (CPAs), using concentrations up to 1500 mM and cooling rates ranging from 5°C to 55°C min-1. Modeling of the extent of sperm dehydration during freezing was done using previously determined values of the sperm membrane permeability to water to predict optimal cooling rates for cryopreservation. Sperm cryosurvival was experimentally determined through flow cytometric assessments on membrane intactness and using computer-assisted analysis of motility. Sperm could withstand exposure to 1500 mM concentrations prefreeze for all CPAs tested. The overall highest cryosurvival rates were obtained with DMF, followed by GLY and EG, whereas the use of PG and DMSO resulted in poor cryosurvival rates. Cryosurvival with DMF increased with increasing concentration, reaching a plateau at 500 mM, whereas for GLY and EG, an optimum concentration between 250 and 500 mM resulted in maximal survival. An optimal cooling rate was only observed at low CPA concentrations, whereas at higher concentrations, cryosurvival rates were not affected by the cooling rate. In the case of DMF, survival remained relatively high in the investigated range of concentrations and cooling rates, whereas with GLY and EG, a much narrower combination of CPA concentration and cooling rate resulted in optimal cryosurvival. Sperm cryopreserved with DMF showed altered motility characteristics indicating hyperactivation, which was not observed with GLY and EG. Optimal cooling rates that were predicted from calculated dehydration curves did not match experimentally determined optimal cooling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriëtte Oldenhof
- 1 Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Judith Bigalk
- 1 Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Hettel
- 2 Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Lawrence de Oliveira Barros
- 1 Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Bulat Sydykov
- 3 Institute of Multiphase Processes , Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Á Csaba Bajcsy
- 2 Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Sieme
- 1 Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- 3 Institute of Multiphase Processes , Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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De Oliveira RA, Budik S, Aurich C. Influence of partial or total replacement of glycerol by alternative cryoprotectants in Ghent freezing extender on post-thaw sperm quality in stallions. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:715-721. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RA De Oliveira
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S Budik
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Najafi A, Daghigh-Kia H, Dodaran HV, Mehdipour M, Alvarez-Rodriguez M. Ethylene glycol, but not DMSO, could replace glycerol inclusion in soybean lecithin-based extenders in ram sperm cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 177:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prieto-Martínez N, Morató R, Muiño R, Hidalgo CO, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Bonet S, Yeste M. Aquaglyceroporins 3 and 7 in bull spermatozoa: identification, localisation and their relationship with sperm cryotolerance. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1249-1259. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the localisation of aquaglyceroporins 3 (AQP3) and 7 (AQP7) in bull spermatozoa and their relationship with the sperm cell’s resilience to withstand cryopreservation (i.e. cryotolerance). A total of 18 bull ejaculates were cryopreserved and their sperm quality analysed before and after freeze–thawing. The presence and localisation of AQP3 and AQP7 was determined through immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. AQP3 was found in the mid-piece and AQP7 in the mid-piece and post-acrosomal region of bull spermatozoa. Immunoblotting showed specific signal bands at 30 and 60 kDa for AQP3 and at 25 kDa for AQP7. Neither the relative abundance of AQP3 and AQP7 nor their localisation patterns was altered by cryopreservation but individual differences between bull ejaculates were found in immunoblots. In order to determine whether these individual differences were related to sperm cryotolerance, bull ejaculates were classified as having good (GFE) or poor freezability (PFE) on the basis of their sperm quality after thawing. While the relative abundance of AQP3 before cryopreservation did not differ between ejaculates with GFE and PFE, the abundance of AQP7 was higher in GFE than in PFE ejaculates. This finding was further confirmed through principal component and linear regression analyses. In conclusion, the relative abundance of AQP7 in fresh semen may be used as a marker to predict bull sperm cryotolerance.
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Ferreira LM, Garcia-Herreros M, Domingos A, Marques CC, Mesquita P, Barbas JP, Baptista MC, Pimenta J, Horta AEM, Prates JAM, Pereira RMLN. Prion protein 2 (dublet) gene (PRND): role in ovine semen capacitation, cryopreservation and fertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:985-997. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of Doppel protein in the capacitation process and fertilising ability of both fresh and frozen–thawed (FT) spermatozoa from rams carrying different prion protein 2 (dublet) (PRND) gene polymorphisms. The detection efficacy of new anti-Doppel monoclonal antibodies and PRND mRNA quantification were also explored in ovine spermatozoa. Three different genotypes (AA, GA, GG) were identified for codon 26 of ovine PRND-c.78G>A. Using flow cytometry, a higher fluorescence was detected in fresh compared with FT sperm samples incubated with anti-Doppel primary and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibodies (P < 0.05). Capacitation was affected by semen treatment (fresh and FT) and male PRND genotype (P < 0.05). After IVF, the use of fresh semen resulted in a higher cleavage rate than the use of FT spermatozoa (P = 0.004). IVF using spermatozoa from individuals classified as carriers of the AA or GA PRND genotypes resulted in higher cleavage rates than seen using spermatozoa from GG carriers (P ≤ 0.0006). Finally, using semen from rams with the AA PRND genotype resulted in the highest Day 6 and Day 8 embryo rates (P ≤ 0.04). In conclusion, the results of the present study confirm that the identification of different PRND genotypes is important for studying the sperm capacitation process and for improving sperm cryoresistance and embryo production. Furthermore, the detection of Doppel in ejaculated ovine spermatozoa, along with its low expression after cryopreservation, strongly suggests an important physiological function of this protein in male fertility.
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Sieme H, Oldenhof H, Wolkers WF. Mode of action of cryoprotectants for sperm preservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 169:2-5. [PMID: 26936658 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation facilitates storage and transport for use in artificial reproduction technologies. Cryopreservation processing, however, exposes cells to stress resulting in cellular damage compromising sperm function. Cryoprotective agents are needed to minimize cryopreservation injury, but at higher concentration they are toxic to cells. In this review, we describe cryoinjury mechanisms, and modes of action of different types of cryoprotective agents. Furthermore, measures are discussed how to minimize toxic effects caused by adding and removing cryoprotective agents. Cryoprotective agents can be divided into permeating and non-permeating agents. Permeating agents such as glycerol can move across cellular membranes and modulate the rate and extent of cellular dehydration during freezing-induced membrane phase transitions. Permeating protectants provide intracellular protection because they are preferentially excluded from the surface of biomolecules thereby stabilizing the native state. Non-permeating agents can be divided into osmotically active smaller molecules and osmotically inactive macromolecules. Both, permeating and non-permeating protectants form a protective glassy state during freezing preserving biomolecular and cellular structures. Freezing extenders for sperm contain salts, buffer compounds, sugars, proteins and lipids, and typically contain glycerol as the main permeating cryoprotective agent providing intracellular protection. Non-permeating protectants including sugars and proteins are used as bulking agents and to increase the glass transition temperature of the freezing extender. Ultra-heat-treated milk and egg yolk are frequently added as membrane modifying agents to enhance the inherent sperm cryostability. The protocol how to use and add cryoprotectants is a compromise between their beneficial and potentially detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Sieme
- Clinic for Horses-Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Clinic for Horses-Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
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Prien S. Cryoprotectants & Cryopreservation of Equine Semen: A Review of Industry Cryoprotectants and the Effects of Cryopreservation on Equine Semen Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2016.03.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jerez R, González N, Olaciregui M, Luño V, Blas ID, Gil L. Use of soy milk combined with different cryoprotectants for the ram semen cryopreservation. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ortiz I, Dorado J, Acha D, Gálvez MJ, Urbano M, Hidalgo M. Colloid single-layer centrifugation improves post-thaw donkey (Equus asinus) sperm quality and is related to ejaculate freezability. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:332-40. [PMID: 25482321 DOI: 10.1071/rd13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether colloid single-layer centrifugation (SLC) improves post-thaw donkey sperm quality and if this potential enhancement is related to ejaculate freezability. Semen from Andalusian donkeys was frozen following a standard protocol. SLC was performed on frozen-thawed semen and post-thaw sperm parameters were compared with uncentrifuged samples. Sperm quality was estimated by integrating in a single value sperm motility (assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis), morphology and viability (evaluated under brightfield or fluorescence microscopy). Sperm freezability was calculated as the relationship between sperm quality obtained before freezing and after thawing. Ejaculates were classified into low, medium and high freezability groups using the 25th and 75th percentiles as thresholds. All sperm parameters were significantly (P<0.01) higher in SLC-selected samples in comparison to uncentrifuged frozen-thawed semen and several kinematic parameters were even higher than those obtained in fresh semen. The increment of sperm parameters after SLC selection was correlated with ejaculate freezability, obtaining the highest values after SLC in semen samples with low freezability. We concluded that, based on the sperm-quality parameters evaluated, SLC can be a suitable procedure to improve post-thaw sperm quality of cryopreserved donkey semen, in particular for those ejaculates with low freezability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ortiz
- Animal Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Animal Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - D Acha
- Animal Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Gálvez
- Animal Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Urbano
- Animal Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Hidalgo
- Animal Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Wu Z, Zheng X, Luo Y, Huo F, Dong H, Zhang G, Yu W, Tian F, He L, Chen J. Cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa using different cryoprotectants and combinations of cryoprotectants. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 163:75-81. [PMID: 26573763 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of five cryoprotectants (CPAs) and cryoprotectant combinations on the post-thaw total motility, progressive motility, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and acrosome integrity in stallion spermatozoa. In Experiment 1, the objective was to compare the impact of different concentrations (2.5%, 3.5% and 5%) of a single CPA, including glycerol (Gly), ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), methyl formamide (MF), and dimethylformamide (DMF) for stallion spermatozoa cryopreservation. In Experiment 2, two or more CPAs were used to assess whether this improved post-thaw spermatozoa quality. Gly, MF and DMF, were used to prepare seven combinations of freezing extender with different mixtures of cryoprotectant, and the 3.5% Gly, MF and DMF were used as a control group. The results show that post-thaw total motility, progressive motility, viability, and mitochondrial membrane potential for all concentrations of EG and DMSO were less than the 3.5% and 5% Gly and MF and 2.5% and 3.5% DMF (P<0.05). Use of the 3.5% concentration resulted in the greater post-thaw total motility and progressive motility than the 2.5% and 5% concentrations for all CPAs. The results for the use of different combinations of cryoprotectant indicate there are differences in progressive motility and viability. The viability with the use of Gly(2/3)+MF(1/3) was 44.65% and was greater than the Gly(1/3)+MF(1/3)+DMF(1/3) (30.96%), MF(2/3)+DMF(1/3) (35.05%), Gly (32.21%) and MF(33.76%) (P<0.05). The progressive motility with the use of the MF(2/3)+Gly(1/3) combination was 36.0% and was greater than in the DMF (25.0%) and MF(2/3)+DMF(1/3) (22.7%) (P<0.05). These results suggest that using the appropriate cryoprotectant combination instead of a single cryoprotectant can improve horse spermatozoa cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangyuan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinbiao Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fei Huo
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guoting Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihao Yu
- The Breeding Center of Yili Horse, Zhaosu 835600, Xingjiang, China
| | - Fang Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liangjun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China; Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China.
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Sieme H, Oldenhof H, Wolkers WF. Sperm Membrane Behaviour during Cooling and Cryopreservation. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50 Suppl 3:20-6. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sieme
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - H Oldenhof
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - WF Wolkers
- Institute of Multiphase Processes; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Hannover Germany
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Nascimento JN, Blume H, Oliveira FJG, Oliveira RA. UTILIZAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DILUENTES NA CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO DE ESPERMATOZOIDES DE GARANHÕES MANGALARGA MARCHADOR. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v16i321039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<title>Resumo</title><p>As biotécnicas aplicadas à reprodução animal como inseminação artificial, transferência e produção <italic>in vitro</italic> de embriões, indução e sincronização de cio e congelamento de gametas vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizadas na prática veterinária. No entanto, algumas biotécnicas ainda não alcançaram o seu total aperfeiçoamento técnico na reprodução equina, como a criopreservação de sêmen. Objetivou-se avaliar as características pós-descongelamento (motilidade total, vigor e integridade de membrana plasmática e acrosomal) dos espermatozoides de garanhões da raça Mangalarga Marchador (n=5), empregando-se três diluentes de criopreservação. Após a colheita, o sêmen foi diluído na proporção de 1:1 em meio à base de leite em pó desnatado e centrifugado a 600 G por 10 minutos. Após a centrifugação, o sobrenadante foi desprezado e o <italic>pellet</italic> obtido dividido e ressuspendido com Botucrio, FR5 ou FR6. As amostras foram envasadas em palhetas de 0,5 mL sendo a concentração ajustada para 200x10<sup>6</sup>espermatozoides/mL. As palhetas foram distribuídas em uma plataforma-suporte e estabilizadas a 5 ºC/60 min., em refrigerador comercial. Para o congelamento, as palhetas, posicionadas horizontalmente, foram expostas por 15 minutos ao vapor de nitrogênio líquido, em uma caixa de isopor, a 6 cm acima do nível de nitrogênio líquido. Logo em seguida, as palhetas foram imersas no nitrogênio líquido, acondicionadas em raques e estocadas em botijão criogênico a -196 ºC, para posterior avaliação. Não houve diferença para as variáveis motilidade, vigor e integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomais quando se utilizaram diluentes que contêm a associação de amidas e glicerol (Botucrio e FR6; P>0,05). As variáveis seminais no diluente contendo apenas glicerol foram inferiores em todas as avaliações (P<0,05). A utilização de crioprotetores como a metilformamida, em associação com concentrações de 1 ou 2% de glicerol é uma alternativa para a criopreservação do sêmen de garanhões da raça Mangalarga Marchador.</p>
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Yeste M, Estrada E, Rocha LG, Marín H, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Miró J. Cryotolerance of stallion spermatozoa is related to ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential rather than to the integrity of sperm nucleus. Andrology 2014; 3:395-407. [PMID: 25294093 DOI: 10.1111/andr.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa allows long-term preservation of spermatozoa from particular stallions and facilitates international trade, it is understood to inflict damages on sperm cells that may finally reduce their fertilizing ability. In addition, individual differences are known to exist in the sperm ability to withstand freeze-thawing protocols. To date, these differences have mainly been reported on the basis of sperm motility and membrane integrity. For this reason, the present work sought to determine differences between good (good freezability ejaculates: GFE) and poor (poor freezability ejaculates: PFE) freezability stallion ejaculates in other sperm parameters, including peroxide and superoxide levels, potential of mitochondrial membrane and nuclear integrity. With this purpose, a total of 24 stallion ejaculates were cryopreserved and classified into two groups (GFE vs. PFE), depending on their sperm membrane integrity and motility after freeze-thawing. From the total of 24 ejaculates, 13 were classified as GFE and the other 11 were classified as PFE. Apart from differences in sperm membrane permeability and lipid disorder after freeze-thawing, GFE presented significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentages of viable spermatozoa with high content of peroxides and of superoxides than PFE. In contrast, and despite cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa increasing DNA fragmentation and disrupting disulphide bonds in sperm head proteins, no significant differences between GFE and PFE were seen. We can thus conclude that good and poor freezability stallion ejaculates differ in their reactive oxygen species levels after cryopreservation, but not in the damage extent on sperm nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yeste
- Unit of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Álvarez C, Gil L, González N, Olaciregui M, Luño V. Equine sperm post-thaw evaluation after the addition of different cryoprotectants added to INRA 96® extender. Cryobiology 2014; 69:144-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Pukazhenthi BS, Johnson A, Guthrie HD, Songsasen N, Padilla LR, Wolfe BA, Coutinho da Silva M, Alvarenga MA, Wildt DE. Improved sperm cryosurvival in diluents containing amides versus glycerol in the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii). Cryobiology 2014; 68:205-14. [PMID: 24508651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to understand sperm cryosensitivity in an endangered equid, the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalski), while testing the cryoprotectant ability of formamides. The first assessed the toxicity of permeating cryoprotectants (glycerol, methylformamide [MF] and dimethylformamide [DMF]) to Przewalski's horse spermatozoa during liquid storage at 4°C. The second examined the comparative influence of three diluents (with or without formamides) on cryosurvival of sperm from the Przewalski's versus domestic horse. When Przewalski's horse spermatozoa were incubated at 4°C in INRA 96 with differing concentrations of glycerol, MF or DMF or a combination of these amides, cells tolerated all but the highest concentration (10% v/v) of MF alone or in combination with DMF, both of which decreased (P<0.05) motility traits. There was no effect of cryoprotectants on sperm acrosomal integrity. In the cryosurvival study, average sperm motility and proportion of cells with intact acrosomes in fresh ejaculates were similar (P>0.05) between the Przewalski's (67%, 84%, respectively) and domestic (66%, 76%) horse donors. Sperm from both species were diluted in lactose-EDTA-glycerol (EQ), Botu-Crio (BOTU; a proprietary product containing glycerol and MF) or SM (INRA 96 plus 2% [v/v] egg yolk and 2.5% [v/v] MF and DMF) and then frozen over liquid nitrogen vapor. After thawing, the highest values recovered for total and progressive sperm motility, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential were 42.4%, 21.8%, 88.7% and 25.4CN (CN=mean JC-1 fluorescence intensity/cell on a channel number scale), respectively, in the Przewalski's and 49.3%, 24.6%, 88.9% and 25.8CN, respectively, in the domestic horse. Although sperm progressive motility and acrosome integrity did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments across species, mitochondrial membrane potential was higher (P<0.05) in both species using EQ compared to BOTU or SM media. Additionally, Przewalski's stallion sperm expressed higher (P<0.05) post-thaw total motility in BOTU and SM compared to EQ, whereas there were no differences among freezing diluents in the domestic horse. In summary, Przewalski's stallion sperm benefit from exposure to either MF or DMF as an alternative cryoprotectant to glycerol. Overt sperm quality appears similar between the Przewalski's and domestic horse, although the total motility of cells from the former appears more sensitive to certain freezing diluents. Nonetheless, post-thaw motility and acrosomal integrity values for Przewalski's horse spermatozoa mimic findings in the domestic horse in the presence of INRA 96 supplemented with 2% (v/v) egg yolk and a combined 2.5% concentration of MF and DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhan S Pukazhenthi
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, United States.
| | - Aime Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - H David Guthrie
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
| | - Nucharin Songsasen
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, United States.
| | - Luis R Padilla
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, United States.
| | | | - Marco Coutinho da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Marco A Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - David E Wildt
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, United States.
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50
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Olaciregui M, Gil L, Montón A, Luño V, Jerez RA, Martí JI. Cryopreservation of epididymal stallion sperm. Cryobiology 2014; 68:91-5. [PMID: 24412395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Any event that makes semen collection or mating impossible, such as death, castration, or injury, may terminate a stallion's breeding career. Fortunately, stallion sperm which are capable of fertilization can be harvested from the epididymis, and frozen for future use. However, the fertility of frozen-thawed epididymal sperm has been found to be lower than that of ejaculated sperm. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the fertility of frozen epididymal stallion sperm by investigating the effects of different cryoprotectants and freezing protocols on sperm quality. Dimethylformamide was tested alone or combination with pasteurized egg yolk as substitute of fresh egg yolk. In addition, the effect of the pre-freeze stabilization on sperm quality was analyzed. Heterospermic samples obtained from stallion epididymis were collected and cryopreserved in lactose-egg-yolk extender or in the same extender with varying content of cryoprotectant and content of egg yolk, stabilized and no-stabilized. Sperm motility, viability, hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) and acrosome integrity were evaluated post-thawing. No improvement was observed on the replacement of fresh yolk by pasteurized egg yolk, whereas the results suggest that dimethylformamide is a cryoprotectant suitable for cryopreservation of equine epididymal semen, even better than glycerol. In addition, we found that the stabilization before freezing on epididymal stallion sperm, can improve sperm quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olaciregui
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - L Gil
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Montón
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - V Luño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R A Jerez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J I Martí
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetric and Reproduction Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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