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Miró J, Morató R, Vilagran I, Taberner E, Bonet S, Yeste M. Preservation of Epididymal Stallion Sperm in Liquid and Frozen States: Effects of Seminal Plasma on Sperm Function and Fertility. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 88:102940. [PMID: 32303324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three separate experiments were conducted to improve preservation of stallion epididymal sperm. In the first one, two different cooling extenders (Kenney and Gent) were compared. Sperm viability and motility patterns were assessed in 10 different epididymal sperm samples after 0 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours of preservation at 4°C. No significant differences were observed in any of the evaluated parameters either between extenders or throughout the storage period. The second set of experiments was designed to determine whether supplementing thawing medium (INRA Freeze) with seminal plasma had any impact on the quality of frozen-thawed epididymal sperm. Ten epididymal frozen-thawed sperm samples coming from separate stallions were used and different functional parameters (sperm membrane integrity and lipid disorder, motility, intracellular Ca2+ levels, and intracellular concentrations of peroxides and superoxides) were evaluated after incubation with or without 50% seminal plasma. Supplementing thawing medium with seminal plasma had no impact on sperm function and survival. The third experiment was an in vivo study. Twenty-five mares were inseminated with epididymal frozen-thawed sperm and seminal plasma, and 21 were bred with epididymal frozen-thawed sperm only. Pregnancy rates obtained for mares artificially inseminated with epididymal frozen-thawed sperm and seminal plasma were significantly (P < .05) higher than those observed when seminal plasma was not infused (64% vs. 19%). Taken together, our data indicate that the quality of epididymal stallion sperm can be maintained at 4°C for up to 96 hours. In addition, not only does supplementing frozen-thawed epididymal sperm with seminal plasma have any damaging effect on their quality but it may also improve pregnancy rates after artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Miró
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roser Morató
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Vilagran
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ester Taberner
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Neuhauser S, Bollwein H, Siuda M, Handler J. Comparison of the Effects of Five Semen Extenders on the Quality of Frozen-Thawed Equine Epididymal Sperm. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 79:1-8. [PMID: 31405486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of epididymal sperm allows the saving of genetic material in case of unexpected death or emergency castration. The aim of the present study was the comparison of five different combinations of extenders commercially available for equine frozen semen processing for cryopreservation of epididymal sperm. Epididymal sperm were harvested from gonads of 10 healthy stallions after routine castration by retrograde flush technique. Then, samples were split and diluted with (1) INRA96 + INRA Freeze, (2) BotuSemen + BotuCRIO, (3) EquiPlus + Gent Freeze, (4) EquiPlus + EquiPlus Freeze, and (5) Gent + Gent Freeze. Extenders 1 and 2 showed higher values for total and progressive motility after thawing compared with extender 4 (P < .05). Extender 3 was in between 1 and 2 (P > .05), and extender 5 resulted in the lowest values (P < .05). The subpopulation of viable frozen-thawed sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential and low intracellular calcium content was higher using extender 1 compared with extenders 3, 4, and 5 (P < .05) and higher in extender 2 compared with extenders 4 and 5 immediately after thawing (P < .05). After 1 hour of incubation, this subpopulation yielded the highest values in extender 2 (P < .05). Immediately after thawing, extender 1 yielded higher values for percentage of DFI and mean DFI than extenders 3, 4, and 5 (P < .05). Following 1 hour of incubation after thawing, sperm processed with extender 1 resulted in the highest values for percentage of DFI and mean DFI (P < .05). Using extender 2, mean DFI values were lower than those in extender 1 and higher than the extenders 3, 4, and 5 (P < .05). The study revealed that according to the examined sperm quality parameters, freezing extenders (extender 1, extender 2) using low concentrations of glycerol either combined with or without methylformamide were beneficial for cryopreservation of stallion epididymal sperm. For processing of stallion epididymal sperm, an extender containing milk proteins (extenders 1-4) for initial dilution after sperm harvesting is preferable to an extender including egg yolk (extender 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Neuhauser
- Pferdezentrum Bad Saarow, Equine Reproduction Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Siuda
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Handler
- Pferdezentrum Bad Saarow, Equine Reproduction Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany.
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Treulen F, Aguila L, Arias ME, Jofré I, Felmer R. Impact of post-thaw supplementation of semen extender with antioxidants on the quality and function variables of stallion spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 201:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Neuhauser S, Gösele P, Handler J. Combined Single-Straw Packaging of Cryopreserved Stallion Epididymal Sperm and Separated Homologous Seminal Plasma. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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The Effect of Four Different Commercial Semen Extenders on the Motility of Stallion Epididymal Sperm. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mislei B, Merlo B, Asta D, Iacono E, Love CC, Mari G. Effects of Two Different Cooling Devices for Testicles Transport on Stallion Epididymal Sperm Quality. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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In vitro and in vivo fertilization potential of cryopreserved spermatozoa from bull epididymides stored for up to 30 hours at ambient temperature (18 °C-20 °C). Theriogenology 2016; 86:1014-1021. [PMID: 27156681 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare the viability and in vivo and in vitro fertilization potential post-thaw sperm collected at different times postorchiectomy from bull epididymides (EP) at 18 °C to 20 °C, with those of semen collected by electroejaculation (EJ) from the same bulls. Semen samples were collected by EJ from 10 Zebu bulls and cryopreserved. A week later 20 epididymides from these bulls were obtained by orchiectomy and randomly divided into five groups (G) to be maintained at ambient temperature for 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 hours before sperm recovery by retrograde flow. The sperm were cryopreserved, and post-thaw parameters were determined by both computer-assisted sperm analysis and morphologic analysis. In vitro fertilization of oocytes was performed to assess the cleavage rate, blastocyst rate, total number of cells, and hatching rate of embryos. The G30 sperm samples were also used for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) of Zebu heifers (n = 10). The results of post-thaw sperm viability showed that total and progressive motility and plasma membrane integrity were lower in sperm in which cryopreservation was delayed for 30 hours, showing a negative correlation of these parameters with delay before cryopreservation. In all groups, it was possible to obtain viable embryos, and embryos from G6 samples had more cells than the other groups. The greatest embryo production rates were observed in G6, G12 and G18 (27.2 to 32.2%) and it was significantly lower in G24 and G30 samples. For EJ, many individual variations were observed in embryo production potential between bulls. G30 samples, with only 5.2% of post-thaw progressive motility, were able to fertilize and produced a pregnancy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time in vitro embryos up to 8 days of development and a pregnancy after FTAI have been produced with sperm from bull epididymides that had been stored at 18 °C to 20 °C for up to 30 hours.
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Stawicki R, McDonnell S, Giguère S, Turner R. Pregnancy outcomes using stallion epididymal sperm stored at 5 °C for 24 or 48 hours before harvest. Theriogenology 2016; 85:698-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Effect of semen collection by transrectal massage of accessory sexual glands or artificial vagina on the outcome of breeding soundness examinations of Italian yearling beef bulls. Theriogenology 2015; 83:779-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lopes G, Soares L, Ferreira P, Rocha A. Tris-Egg Yolk-Glycerol (TEY) Extender Developed for Freezing Dog Semen is a Good Option to Cryopreserve Bovine Epididymal Sperm Cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 50:97-103. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Lopes
- ICBAS; Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- CECA; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - L Soares
- ICBAS; Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - P Ferreira
- ICBAS; Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- CECA; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - A Rocha
- ICBAS; Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- CECA; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
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Muñoz-Fuentes V, Linde Forsberg C, Vilà C, Morrell JM. Single-layer centrifugation separates spermatozoa from diploid cells in epididymal samples from gray wolves, Canis lupus (L.). Theriogenology 2014; 82:773-6. [PMID: 25028195 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sperm samples may be used for assisted reproductive technologies (e.g., farmed or endangered species) or as a source of haploid DNA or sperm-specific RNA. When ejaculated spermatozoa are not available or are very difficult to obtain, as is the case for most wild endangered species, the epididymides of dead animals (e.g., animals that have been found dead, shot by hunters or poachers, or that that require euthanasia in zoological collections) can be used as a source of sperm. Such epididymal sperm samples are usually contaminated with cellular debris, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and sometimes also bacteria. These contaminants may be sources of reactive oxygen species that damage spermatozoa during freezing or contribute undesired genetic material from diploid cells. We used single-layer centrifugation through a colloid formulation, Androcoll-C, to successfully separate wolf epididymal spermatozoa from contaminating cells and cellular debris in epididymal samples harvested from carcasses. Such a procedure may potentially be applied to epididymal sperm samples from other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Muñoz-Fuentes
- Department of Population Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain; Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Conservation Research Section, Gelnhausen, Germany.
| | | | - Carles Vilà
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jane M Morrell
- Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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