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Ynsaurralde-Rivolta AE, Rogberg-Muñoz A, Lopez-Valiente S, Maresca S, Rodriguez A, Munar C, Munilla-Leguizamón S, Dellavalle FA, Salamone D. Development and growth of bovine calves demi-embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 264:107405. [PMID: 38547815 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and development of animals produced from demi-embryos and compare them with whole embryos from fetus to adult life. To achieve this, calves produced from fresh demi-embryos and whole embryos were individually transferred and monitored from 60 days of pregnancy until slaughter at 550 days. Ultrasound scans were conducted on fetuses at 60 and 90 days to evaluate the biparietal, abdominal, umbilical cord, orbital, and aorta diameters. Subsequently, morphological traits of newborn calves were measured at 0, 7, and 21 days (N = 18). Live weight was recorded at birth, weaning, and every 30 days thereafter until slaughter at 550 days. The growth curve of each group was modeled using logistic regression, and the factors of the respective functions were compared. As early as 60 days of pregnancy, ultrasound evaluations revealed no morphometric differences between fetuses produced from demi-embryos and those from whole embryos. This lack of differentiation persisted in the morphometric evaluations of newborns up to 21 days of age, as well as in live weight and the growth curve from birth to slaughter. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of rib eye area and fat thickness evolution. Consequently, individuals from demi-embryos exhibited no discernible disparities to those whole embryos in growth and development from 60 days of gestation, through birth, and into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amada E Ynsaurralde-Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Dto. Producción Animal, Buenos Aires, Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA). Buenos Aires. Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción EEA, Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andres Rogberg-Muñoz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Dto. Producción Animal, Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Mejoramiento Genético, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Lopez-Valiente
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Cuenca del Salado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Maresca
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Cuenca del Salado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Cuenca del Salado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Sebastian Munilla-Leguizamón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Dto. Producción Animal, Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Mejoramiento Genético, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco A Dellavalle
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción EEA, Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Daniel Salamone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Dto. Producción Animal, Buenos Aires, Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA). Buenos Aires. Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Del'Aguila-Silva P, Cirino Dos Santos F, Correia Santos VJ, Rodrigues Simões AP, Ramirez Uscategui RA, Padilha-Nakaghi LC, Amoroso L, Russiano Vicente WR, Rossi Feliciano MA. B-mode ultrasound and ecobiometric parameters to assess embryonic and fetal development and estimate gestational age in goats. Theriogenology 2021; 175:123-133. [PMID: 34544011 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to monitor maternal-fetal ecobiometric parameters during physiological pregnancy in goats using ultrasound to predict gestational age by establishing mathematical equations. Twenty-five Saanen goats were included in the study. Assessments were performed weekly from the 21st day of pregnancy until parturition. The abdominal, thoracic, biparietal, and eye socket diameters; distance from the neck to snout; crown-rump, humerus, radius-ulna, metacarpal, femur, tibia, metatarsal, and placentome lengths; kidney height and length; and heart area were measured. Heart rate was obtained using the pulsed Doppler mode. The variables were correlated with gestational age using Spearman's test, and the adjustment of these variables to simple and multiple regression models was done to determine the mathematical formulas for calculating the gestational age. The highest obtained coefficients of determination (R2) were for humerus length (96.2), heart area (95.6), and distance from the neck to the snout (95.3). Only the placentome length and fetal heart rate presented low determination coefficients (R2 = 54.3, R2 = 45.0). The results indicated significant correlations between measures of maternal-fetal structures and gestational age, and can be used as reference values for detection of abnormalities during fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lizandra Amoroso
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Determination of gestational age by measuring defined embryonic and foetal indices with ultrasonography in Abaza and Gurcu goats. ACTA VET BRNO 2019. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine gestational age in Abaza and Gurcu goats by measuring certain embryonic and foetal indices with ultrasonography. A 5–7.5 MHz linear probe was used to obtain ultrasound measurements from 30 pregnant goats (10 Abaza and 20 Gurcu). Heart diameter (HD), biparietal diameter (BPD), crown-rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD) and placentome diameter (PD) were measured to determine gestational age. The mean of embryonic and foetal indices were calculated and linear regression was performed. Heart diameter measurements for Abaza and Gurcu goats were significantly different on days 45 (P= 0.048) and 60 (P= 0.019). Biparietal diameter values were significantly different on day 45 (P= 0.035). Crown-rump length measurements were significantly different at days 30 (P= 0.003) and 60 (P= 0.002). We determined that HD and TD were the best predictors of gestational age for Abaza goats (R2= 0.952, R2= 0.949, respectively), whereas HD and CRL were the best predictors of gestational age for Gurcu goats (R2= 0.933, R2= 0.942, respectively). Based upon our study results, these specific indices could be applied during ultrasonographic examinations of Abaza and Gurcu goats to confirm gestational age when the day of mating is unknown.
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B-mode ultrasonography and ecobiometric parameters for assessment of embryonic and fetal development in sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 197:193-202. [PMID: 30172604 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim in this study was to evaluate the maternal-fetal development during physiological gestation in sheep by means of ultrasonography and to predict the gestational age by mathematical formulae. Thirty Santa Inês sheep were included. Evaluations were performed weekly from the 3rd to 21st gestational week. The Shapiro test was used to determine normality of the data, and Spearman test was used for determining correlations of real or transformed measurements as gestation advanced. If there was a significant difference detected, variable adjustments and gestational weeks were tested using regression models. Significance level was set at 5% and the results presented as mean ± SD. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used for data clustering and graphic analysis. The gestational vesicle, abdominal, thoracic, biparietal, ocular orbit, and placentome diameters; and the lengths of crown-to-rump, nuchal to snout, scapula, humerus, radius, metacarpus, femur, tibia, metatarsal, heart length, heart width and kidneys were measured. Using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, heart rate (HR) was obtained. The greatest coefficients of determination (r²) were obtained for the biparietal diameter (BPD; 96.5%) and metacarpus length (MCAR; 93%), followed by the abdominal diameter (AD; 91.7%) and heart width (HTW; 90.2%). The PCA analysis indicated graphically that at week 8 to 9, there was no significant change related to technique, whereas, at weeks 19, 20, and 21 a decrease in growth was observed, with the greatest data variability at week 19. Ultrasonographic assessments indicated there were significant correlations between developmental stages of all maternal-fetal structures and the gestational age, which can be used as reference values for gestational age assessments and detection of development abnormalities.
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Yazici E, Ozenc E, Celik HA, Ucar M. Ultrasonographic foetometry and maternal serum progesterone concentrations during pregnancy in Turkish Saanen goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 197:93-105. [PMID: 30172605 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were (1) to generate reliable equations to estimate the gestational age of Saanen goats by measuring embryonic and foetal structures via B-Mode ultrasonography (USG), (2) determine the maternal serum progesterone (P4) concentrations during pregnancy, and (3) compare the relationship between P4 concentrations and gestational age, litter size, and birth weight of kids. Seven pregnant goats were used in this study. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed transrectally from Days 15 to 27 of pregnancy at 3-day intervals and transabdominally from Days 30 to 128 at 7-day intervals. Blood samples were collected daily between Day 15 and 24 of gestation, and weekly from Day 27 to 128 to determine the serum P4 concentrations. Outer placentome diameter, biparietal diameter, occipito-nasal length, chest diameter, foetal heart rate, transversal heart diameter, orbit diameter, umbilical cord diameter, and kidney diameter were highly correlated with gestational age (P < 0.0001). Goats with twins had greater progesterone concentrations than those with a single foetus (P < 0.001). Furthermore, maternal serum progesterone concentrations detected on Days 51, 107, 114, and 128 of gestation were greater in goats carrying twins than those with a single foetus (P < 0.05). A negative correlation was evident between serum progesterone concentrations and birth weights of the kids (r = -0.78; P = 0.007). In conclusion, gestational age can be estimated using ultrasonographic foetometry, and litter size at specific times during pregnancy can be determined based on maternal serum progesterone concentration in Turkish Saanen goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir Yazici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Ozenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Haci Ahmet Celik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ucar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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Bernier Gosselin V, Volkmann DH, Dufour S, Middleton JR. Use of ultrasonographic fetometry for the estimation of days to kidding in dairy does. Theriogenology 2018; 118:22-26. [PMID: 29883840 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to predict the number of days to kidding in dairy goats by ultrasonographic measurement of three consecutive ribs and intercostal spaces or trunk diameter of fetuses. Two groups of primiparous and multiparous goats were examined by transabdominal ultrasonography. Actual kidding date was used to compute the true number of days to kidding relative to the ultrasound examination day. Linear regression models were built to predict days to kidding based on fetal measurements, parity, and number of kids. The model using the width of three consecutive ribs and intercostal spaces (n = 29 goats) showed a curvilinear relationship between days to kidding and rib distance (R2 = 0.60; P < 0.01). The trunk diameter model (n = 135 goats) showed a curvilinear relationship between days to kidding and trunk diameter with an effect of parity (R2 = 0.81; P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bernier Gosselin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, United States.
| | - Dietrich H Volkmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, United States.
| | - Simon Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - John R Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, United States.
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Jones AK, Gately RE, McFadden KK, Hoffman ML, Pillai SM, Zinn SA, Govoni KE, Reed SA. Ultrasound during mid‐gestation: Agreement with physical foetal and placental measurements and use in predicting gestational age in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:649-654. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AK Jones
- Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - RE Gately
- Department of Environmental and Population Health Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine North Grafton MA USA
| | - KK McFadden
- Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - ML Hoffman
- Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - SM Pillai
- Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - SA Zinn
- Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - KE Govoni
- Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - SA Reed
- Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
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