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Cass ND, Fan Y, Lindquist NR, Dawant BM, Tawfik KO. Automated Whole Cochlear T2 Signal Demonstrates Weak Correlation with Hearing Loss in Observed Vestibular Schwannoma. Audiol Neurootol 2023; 28:394-404. [PMID: 37321181 DOI: 10.1159/000530567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to evaluate the correlation between whole cochlear T2 signal changes obtained with a novel automated segmentation method and hearing levels, both at diagnosis and over time, in patients with observed vestibular schwannoma. METHODS This retrospective correlation study within an academic medical center neurotology practice evaluated 127 patients with vestibular schwannoma observed over time, each with ≥2 MRI scans (367 total) and ≥2 audiograms (472 total). 86 patients had T2-weighted sequences with sufficient resolution for cochlear signal analysis, yielding 348 unique timepoint intervals. The main outcome measure was correlation of the ipsilateral-to-contralateral ratio of whole cochlear T2 signal with hearing outcomes as measured by pure tone average (PTA) and word recognition score (WRS). RESULTS Whole cochlear T2 signal ratios did not show a correlation with hearing levels at diagnosis. Change in signal ratio over time showed weak correlation with changes in PTA, but not WRS, over time. Cochlear signal ratio did not precede changes in hearing but did follow changes in both PTA and WRS. CONCLUSION Whole cochlear T2 signal ratios were weakly correlated with changes in hearing in patients with observed vestibular schwannoma. The technology of automated segmentation and signal processing holds promise for future evaluation of clinical entities causing cochlear signal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Cass
- The Otology Group of Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yubo Fan
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nathan R Lindquist
- The Otology Group of Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benoit M Dawant
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kareem O Tawfik
- The Otology Group of Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Eliezer M, Poillon G, Maquet C, Gillibert A, Horion J, Marie JP, Guichard JP, Magne N, Attyé A. Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with vestibular schwannoma correlates with the presence of utricular hydrops as diagnosed on heavily T2-weighted MRI. Diagn Interv Imaging 2019; 100:259-268. [PMID: 30773403 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess whether the volume of the vestibular endolymphatic space correlates with the degree of hearing loss using heavily T2-weighted fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition with cycle phase (FIESTA-C) MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 23 patients with vestibular schwannoma, as diagnosed on typical image findings, who underwent FIESTA-C MRI were included. There were 13 women and 10 men with a mean age of 63.5±9.3 (SD) years (range: 49-88years). Two radiologists independently evaluated the volume of the utricle and saccule. Correlation between tumor volume, vestibular endolymphatic space volume and degree of hearing loss - as evaluated with the levels of pure-tone average and speech recognition threshold - were searched for. RESULTS The mean saccular, utricular and tumor volumes were 3.17±1.1 (SD) mm3 (range: 1.45-5.7mm3), 14.55±5 (SD) mm3; (range: 6.6-23.9mm3) and 17.4±5.5 (SD) mm3; (range: 8.3-25.4mm3), respectively. There was a moderate correlation between the volume of the utricle and the degree of hearing loss as evaluated with the levels of pure-tone average (rho=0.5; P=0.015) and speech recognition threshold (rho=0.58; P=0.004). There were no significant correlations between saccular and tumor volumes and the degree of hearing loss. CONCLUSION The volume of the utricle in patients with obstructive vestibular schwannoma moderately correlates with the degree of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eliezer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - G Poillon
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Maquet
- Department of Head And Neck Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Gillibert
- Department of Biostatistics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J Horion
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J-P Marie
- Department of Head And Neck Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J-P Guichard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - N Magne
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Attyé
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France; Department of Neuroradiology and MRI, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, SFR RMN neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Berrettini S, Lombardo F, Bruschini L, Ciabotti A, Raffaello C, De Cori Sara, De Marchi Daniele, Forli F. 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging at different stages of otosclerosis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:2643-2652. [PMID: 30191304 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to study otosclerotic patients by 3D-FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without Gadolinium administration (-/+ Gd), to understand whether there is a direct relationship between radiological findings at 3D FLAIR MRI sequences and some clinical features of otosclerosis, such as the presence and entity of sensorineural involvement, duration of disease, patient gender, and other factors. METHODS 38 patients affected by different stages of unilateral or bilateral otosclerosis underwent 3D FLAIR MRI+/- Gd. 11 subjects with normal hearing, previously submitted to 3T MRI for other minor diseases, unrelated with otosclerosis, had been retrospectively enrolled as control group. RESULTS We found significant correlations between 3D FLAIR MRI findings and some clinical features of otosclerosis, such as severity of cochlear damage (in terms of entity of sensorineural loss) and duration of disease. These findings indicate that at 3D-FLAIR MRI different patterns may depend on the level of blood labyrinth barrier damage in the cochlea, and be related to different stages of cochlear involvement in otosclerotic patients. CONCLUSIONS We believe that our findings may contribute in understanding the pathogenesis of cochlear damage in otosclerosis and may have further prognostic value. Our results led us to consider the possible use of 3D-FLAIR sequences in monitoring the effectiveness of any medical therapy of otosclerosis and in selecting the patients eligible for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Berrettini
- ENT Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100, Pisa, Italy. .,Division of ENT Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Francesco Lombardo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- ENT Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ciabotti
- ENT Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Canapicchi Raffaello
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
| | - De Cori Sara
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
| | - De Marchi Daniele
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forli
- ENT Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100, Pisa, Italy
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Naganawa S, Kawai H, Taoka T, Suzuki K, Iwano S, Satake H, Sone M, Ikeda M. Cochlear Lymph Fluid Signal Increase in Patients with Otosclerosis after Intravenous Administration of Gadodiamide. Magn Reson Med Sci 2016; 15:308-15. [PMID: 26841857 PMCID: PMC5608127 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Increased cochlear lymph fluid signals on three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) images obtained several minutes after intravenous administration of a single dose of gadolinium-based contrast agent (IV-SD-GBCA) in a patient with severe retrofenestral type otosclerosis had been reported. This increase was thought to represent breakdown of the blood-labyrinthine barrier. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cochlear lymph signal on heavily T2-weighted 3D-FLAIR (HF) images obtained 4 hours after IV-SD-GBCA in patients with otosclerosis, Ménière’s disease, and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two ears from 12 patients with otosclerotic plaques determined by computed tomography (CT), 16 ears from 8 healthy volunteers, and 10 ears from 9 Ménière’s disease patients with significant endolymphatic hydrops on magnetic resonance (MR) images were retrospectively analyzed. Images were obtained 4 hours after IV-SD-GBCA. Patients and healthy volunteers underwent MR cisternography (MRC) for anatomical reference of the fluid space and HF at 3T. The region of interest (ROI) was manually drawn on MRC images around the scala tympani in the basal cochlear turn. The reference ROI was set in the cerebellum. ROIs were copied onto HF images and the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of cochlear perilymph to cerebellum was measured. Differences in the SIR on HF images among the three groups were tested by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean SIR was 24.0 ± 10.1 in otosclerosis patients, 7.9 ± 1.5 in volunteers, and 11.6 ± 3.9 in Ménière’s disease patients. The mean SIR was significantly higher in the otosclerosis group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). In the otosclerosis group, there was a significant difference in the SIR between the retrofenestral type and the fenestral type (P = 0.033). Conclusions: In patients with otosclerosis, the SIR was higher than in Ménière’s disease patients or in healthy volunteers. The SIR was higher in the retrofenestral type than in the fenestral type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Naganawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Lombardo F, De Cori S, Aghakhanyan G, Montanaro D, De Marchi D, Frijia F, Fortunato S, Forli F, Chiappino D, Berrettini S, Canapicchi R. 3D-Flair sequence at 3T in cochlear otosclerosis. Eur Radiol 2016; 26:3744-51. [PMID: 26747254 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the capability of three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) sequences in detecting signal alterations of the endolabyrinthine fluid in patients with otosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D-FLAIR before and after (-/+) gadolinium (Gd) administration was added to the standard MR protocol and acquired in 13 patients with a clinical/audiological diagnosis of severe/profound hearing loss in otosclerosis who were candidates for cochlear implantation and in 11 control subjects using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment. The MRI signal of the fluid-filled cochlea was assessed both visually and calculating the signal intensity ratio (SIR = signal intensity cochlea/brainstem). RESULTS We revealed no endocochlear signal abnormalities on T1-weighted -/+ Gd images for either group, while on 3D-FLAIR we found bilateral hyperintensity with enhancement after Gd administration in eight patients and bilateral hyperintensity without enhancement in one patient. No endocochlear signal abnormalities were detected in other patients or the control group. CONCLUSION Using 3-T MRI equipment, the 3D-FLAIR -/+ Gd sequence is able to detect the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) breakdown responsible for alterations of the endolabyrinthine fluid in patients with cochlear otosclerosis. We believe that 3D-FLAIR +/- Gd is an excellent imaging modality to assess the intra-cochlear damage in otosclerosis patients. KEY POINTS • Gd-enhanced T1-weighted MRI has limited application to detect intra-cochlear damage. • 3D-FLAIR is less sensitive to flux artefacts and allows multiplanar reconstruction. • Post-Gd 3D-FLAIR is advantageous as it may highlight the BLB breakdown. • Using 3D-FLAIR -/+ Gd, we were able to identify intra-cochlear signal hyperintensities. • 3D-FLAIR might be applied for monitoring disease progression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lombardo
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Neuroradiology Unit, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara De Cori
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Neuroradiology Unit, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gayane Aghakhanyan
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Neuroradiology Unit, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenico Montanaro
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Neuroradiology Unit, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele De Marchi
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Neuroradiology Unit, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Frijia
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Neuroradiology Unit, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Fortunato
- ENT Audiology Phoniatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forli
- ENT Audiology Phoniatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dante Chiappino
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Department of Radiology, Massa, Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- ENT Audiology Phoniatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaello Canapicchi
- Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Neuroradiology Unit, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Kim TY, Park DW, Lee YJ, Lee JY, Lee SH, Chung JH, Lee S. Comparison of Inner Ear Contrast Enhancement among Patients with Unilateral Inner Ear Symptoms in MR Images Obtained 10 Minutes and 4 Hours after Gadolinium Injection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:2367-72. [PMID: 26316569 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently 4-hour delayed-enhanced 3D-FLAIR MR imaging has been used in pathophysiologic analysis of the inner ear in many auditory diseases, including sudden sensorineural hearing loss, but comparison among different time points is not clear in patients with unilateral inner ear symptoms. We compared the signal-intensity ratios of the inner ears in patients with unilateral inner ear symptoms on 10-minute delayed-enhanced and 4-hour delayed-enhanced 3D-FLAIR MR images after IV gadolinium injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 10-minute delayed-enhanced and 4-hour delayed-enhanced 3D-FLAIR MR images were retrospectively analyzed. Signal-intensity ratios between the cerebellum and inner ear structures, such as the cochleae, vestibules, and vestibulocochlear nerve were assessed. Multiple comparisons were performed. RESULTS Signal-intensity ratios of the affected cochleae, vestibules, and vestibulocochlear nerve were higher than those of unaffected sides in both 10-minute delayed-enhanced and 4-hour delayed-enhanced images. At the affected side, signal-intensity ratios of the vestibulocochlear nerve were higher in patients with nonsudden sensorineural hearing loss than in those with sudden sensorineural hearing loss on both 10-minute delayed-enhanced and 4-hour delayed-enhanced images. The signal-intensity ratios of some affected inner ear structures were higher than those of the unaffected sides in a group of 30 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and 20 patients with nonsudden sensorineural hearing loss on 10-minute delayed-enhanced and 4-hour delayed-enhanced images. CONCLUSIONS Signal-intensity ratios of the inner ear show statistically significant increases in many diseases, especially neuritis, in 10-minute delayed-enhanced and 4-hour delayed-enhanced images. The 4-hour delayed-enhanced images may be superior in neural inflammatory-dominant conditions, while 10-minute delayed-enhanced images may be superior in neural noninflammatory-dominant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.Y.K., D.W.P., S.L.)
| | - D W Park
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.Y.K., D.W.P., S.L.)
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Radiology (Y.J.L., J.Y.L.), Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Radiology (Y.J.L., J.Y.L.), Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (S.H.L., J.H.C.), Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Chung
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (S.H.L., J.H.C.), Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.Y.K., D.W.P., S.L.)
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Cases With Otosclerosis. Otol Neurotol 2015; 36:1146-50. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim DY, Lee JH, Goh MJ, Sung YS, Choi YJ, Yoon RG, Cho SH, Ahn JH, Park HJ, Baek JH. Clinical significance of an increased cochlear 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal intensity on an MR imaging examination in patients with acoustic neuroma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1825-9. [PMID: 24742808 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The increased cochlear signal on FLAIR images in patients with acoustic neuroma is explained by an increased concentration of protein in the perilymphatic space. However, there is still debate whether there is a correlation between the increased cochlear FLAIR signal and the degree of hearing disturbance in patients with acoustic neuroma. Our aim was to investigate the clinical significance of an increased cochlear 3D FLAIR signal in patients with acoustic neuroma according to acoustic neuroma extent in a large patient cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 102 patients with acoustic neuroma, who were divided into 2 groups based on tumor location; 22 tumors were confined to the internal auditory canal and 80 extended to the cerebellopontine angle cistern. Pure tone audiometry results and hearing symptoms were obtained from medical records. The relative signal intensity of the entire cochlea to the corresponding brain stem was calculated by placing regions of interest on 3D FLAIR images. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the cochlear relative signal intensity between the internal auditory canal acoustic neuroma and the cerebellopontine angle acoustic neuroma. The correlation between the cochlear relative signal intensity and the presence of hearing symptoms or the pure tone audiometry results was investigated. RESULTS The internal auditory canal acoustic neuroma cochlea had a significantly lower relative signal intensity than the cerebellopontine angle acoustic neuroma cochlea (0.42±0.15 versus 0.60±0.17, P<.001). The relative signal intensity correlated with the audiometric findings in patients with internal auditory canal acoustic neuroma (r=0.471, P=.027) but not in patients with cerebellopontine angle acoustic neuroma (P=.427). Neither internal auditory canal acoustic neuroma nor cerebellopontine angle acoustic neuroma showed significant relative signal intensity differences, regardless of the presence of hearing symptoms (P>.5). CONCLUSIONS The cochlear signal on FLAIR images may be an additional parameter to use when monitoring the degree of functional impairment during follow-up of patients with small acoustic neuromas confined to the internal auditory canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (D.Y.K., J.H.L., M.J.G., Y.S.S., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., S.H.C., J.H.B.)
| | - J H Lee
- From the Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (D.Y.K., J.H.L., M.J.G., Y.S.S., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., S.H.C., J.H.B.)
| | - M J Goh
- From the Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (D.Y.K., J.H.L., M.J.G., Y.S.S., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., S.H.C., J.H.B.)
| | - Y S Sung
- From the Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (D.Y.K., J.H.L., M.J.G., Y.S.S., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., S.H.C., J.H.B.)
| | - Y J Choi
- From the Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (D.Y.K., J.H.L., M.J.G., Y.S.S., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., S.H.C., J.H.B.)
| | - R G Yoon
- From the Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (D.Y.K., J.H.L., M.J.G., Y.S.S., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., S.H.C., J.H.B.)
| | - S H Cho
- From the Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (D.Y.K., J.H.L., M.J.G., Y.S.S., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., S.H.C., J.H.B.)
| | - J H Ahn
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (J.H.A., H.J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Park
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (J.H.A., H.J.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Baek
- From the Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (D.Y.K., J.H.L., M.J.G., Y.S.S., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., S.H.C., J.H.B.)
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Virk JS, Singh A, Lingam RK. The role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of otosclerosis. Otol Neurotol 2014; 34:e55-60. [PMID: 23921926 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e318298ac96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence for the role of radiologic imaging in the diagnosis and management of otosclerosis. DATA SOURCES A review of contemporary (1990 to present) English medical literature via MedLine using the terms imaging, otosclerosis, otospongiosis, stapes surgery, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, CT, and MRI was performed. STUDY SELECTION Abstracts were reviewed independently by 2 authors and relevant articles were then evaluated. Exclusion criteria included editorials, non-English language, comments, and letters. DATA EXTRACTION Level of evidence was assigned in accordance with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine guidance (Levels I-V). RESULTS Thirty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria, of which, 11 were of Level III, 22 of Level IV, and 4 of level V evidence. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bones is the imaging technique of choice in the diagnosis of otosclerosis with newer multidetector scanners demonstrating a sensitivity and specificity in excess of 90%. There is Level III evidence that CT densitometry and extent of disease on CT correlates with hearing thresholds. Extensive and multifocal disease on CT has a poorer prognosis (Level III/IV). The potential use of CT in staging classifications, surgical planning, predicting surgical outcomes and risk of complications has also been described and evaluated. CONCLUSION This systematic review indicates that imaging has a useful role in both the diagnosis and management of otosclerosis, supported principally by Level III/IV evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh Virk
- ENT Department, Northwick Park Hospital, North West London NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
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Yamazaki M, Naganawa S, Tagaya M, Kawai H, Ikeda M, Sone M, Teranishi M, Suzuki H, Nakashima T. Comparison of contrast effect on the cochlear perilymph after intratympanic and intravenous gadolinium injection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:773-8. [PMID: 22173762 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 3D-FLAIR imaging 24 hours after intratympanic gadolinium injection (IT-method) or 4 hours after IV injection (IV-method) has been used to visualize the endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of perilymph enhancement with the 2 methods and the perilymph contrast-effect difference with the IV-method in both sides in patients with unilateral Ménière disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one patients with Ménière disease or sudden SNHL were included in this study. Thirty-nine patients who underwent the unilateral IT-method (Gd-DTPA was diluted 8-fold with saline) and 22 patients who underwent the IV-method (a double-dose of Gd-HP-DO3A; 0.4 mL/kg body weight [ie, 0.2 mmol/kg body weight]) at 3T were analyzed retrospectively. Regions of interest of the cochlear perilymph and the medulla oblongata were determined on each image, and the signal-intensity ratio between the 2 (CM ratio) was subsequently evaluated. The differences in the CM ratio between the 2 methods (Student t test) and the IV-method CM ratio between the affected and unaffected sides in patients with unilateral Ménière disease (paired t test) were evaluated. RESULTS The IT-method CM ratio (2.98 ± 1.15, n = 39) was higher than the IV-method CM ratio (1.61 ± 0.60, n = 44; P < .001). In patients with unilateral Ménière disease who underwent the IV-method (n = 9), the CM ratio of the affected side (1.86 ± 0.74) was higher than that of the unaffected side (1.29 ± 0.31, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In general, the IT-method provides higher perilymph enhancement than the IV-method. In the patients with unilateral Ménière disease who underwent the IV-method, the affected side had a higher contrast effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamazaki
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Tanigawa T, Tanaka H, Sato T, Nakao Y, Katahira N, Tsuchiya Y, Nonoyama H, Ueda H. 3D-FLAIR MRI findings in patients with low-tone sudden deafness. Acta Otolaryngol 2010; 130:1324-8. [PMID: 20632901 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2010.496461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION The findings suggest that alterations in the composition of inner ear fluid play important roles in the development of low-tone sudden deafness (LTSD). High-intensity signals on three-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) may reflect an increased concentration of protein in the inner ear due to the increased permeability of blood vessels. Disordered blood flow in the inner ear is associated with an increased permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier. Therefore, the disordered blood flow in the cochlea may be closely related to the pathophysiological mechanisms of LTSD. OBJECTIVES The 3D-FLAIR sequence has been used to detect alterations in the composition of inner ear fluid. The purpose of this study was to report imaging findings in cases of LTSD. METHODS 3D-FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging was performed in five women with nonrecurrent-type LTSD. RESULTS Three of the five patients (60%) showed high-intensity signals in the cochlear basal turn on precontrast 3D-FLAIR. Postcontrast enhancement was not prominent in any patient. In patient 1, the cochlea of the unaffected side showed high-intensity signals. No patients had such signals in the vestibulae or the semicircular canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Tanigawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan.
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Yamazaki M, Naganawa S, Kawai H, Nihashi T, Nakashima T. Signal alteration of the cochlear perilymph on 3 different sequences after intratympanic Gd-DTPA administration at 3 tesla: comparison of 3D-FLAIR, 3D-T1-weighted imaging, and 3D-CISS. Magn Reson Med Sci 2010; 9:65-71. [PMID: 20585196 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.9.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) imaging after intratympanic gadolinium injection is useful for pathophysiologic and morphologic analysis of the inner ear. However, statistical analysis of differences in inner ear signal intensity among 3D-FLAIR and other sequences has not been reported. We evaluated the signal intensity of cochlear fluid on each of 3D-FLAIR, 3D-T(1)-weighted imaging (T(1)WI), and 3D-constructive interference in the steady state (CISS) to clarify the differences in contrast effect among these 3 sequences using intratympanic gadolinium injection. METHODS Twenty-one patients underwent 3D-FLAIR, 3D-T(1)WI, and 3D-CISS imaging at 3 tesla 24 hours after intratympanic injection of gadolinium. We determined regions of interest of the cochleae (C) and medulla oblongata (M) on each image, evaluated the signal intensity ratio between C and M (CM ratio), and determined the ratio of cochlear signal intensity of the injected side to that of the non-injected side (contrast value). RESULTS The CM ratio of the injected side (3.00+/-1.31, range, 0.53 to 4.88, on 3D-FLAIR; 0.83+/-0.30, range, 0.36 to 1.58 on 3D-T(1)WI) was significantly higher than that of the non-injected side (0.52+/-0.14, range, 0.30 to 0.76 on 3D-FLAIR; 0.49+/-0.11, range, 0.30 to 0.71 on 3D-T(1)WI) on 3D-FLAIR and 3D-T(1)WI (P<0.001), although no significant difference was observed on 3D-CISS (10.03+/-2.19, range, 5.19 to 14.98, on the injected side; 9.52+/-1.63 range, 7.48 to 13.48, on the non-injected side) (P=0.11). The mean contrast value on 3D-FLAIR (5.93+/-2.57, range, 1.22 to 11.05) was significantly higher than that on 3D-T(1)WI (1.73+/-0.60, range, 0.98 to 3.09) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The 3D-FLAIR sequence is the most sensitive for observing alteration in inner ear fluid signal after intratympanic gadolinium injection. Our results warrant use of 3D-FLAIR as a sensitive imaging technique to clarify the pathological and morphological mechanisms of disorders of the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Shouwa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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Naganawa S, Ishihara S, Iwano S, Kawai H, Sone M, Nakashima T. Estimation of gadolinium-induced T1-shortening with measurement of simple signal intensity ratio between the cochlea and brain parenchyma on 3D-FLAIR: correlation with T1 measurement by TI scout sequence. Magn Reson Med Sci 2010; 9:17-22. [PMID: 20339262 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.9.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE T(1)-shortening of labyrinthine fluid on 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) has been reported in many inner ear disorders. Although semi-quantitative assessment by simple signal intensity ratio between cochlear fluid and brain tissue has been tried, its feasibility using a multi-channel phased-array head coil with an inherently inhomogenous sensitivity distribution has not been fully evaluated. We evaluated the feasibility of measuring simple signal intensity ratio by correlating rapid T(1) measurements using an inversion time (TI) scout sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 10 patients with Meniere's disease and 4 patients with sudden deafness. Nine of the patients with Meniere's disease received a unilateral intratympanic injection of Gd-DTPA; the tenth patient received bilateral injections. The 4 patients with sudden deafness received a double-dose intravenous injection. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained 24 hours after intratympanic injections and 4 hours after intravenous injections at 3 tesla using a 32-channel head coil. We measured the ratio (CM ratio) between the signal intensity of the perilymph in the cochlea (C) and that of the medulla oblongata (M) and correlated it with the null-point inversion time (TI(null)) obtained with the TI scout sequence. The TI scout consisted of 85 images obtained with TI values between 132.5 and 3087.5 ms at increments of 37.5 ms. RESULTS The correlation coefficient between TI(null) and the natural logarithm of the CM ratio was -0.88 (P<0.01). There was significant negative linear correlation. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of the simple signal intensity ratio between the cochlea and the medulla can be used for semi-quantitative analysis of 3D-FLAIR. The results of this study may facilitate clinical research of inner-ear disease using 3D-FLAIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Naganawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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15
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Nakata S, Mizuno T, Naganawa S, Sugiura M, Yoshida T, Teranishi M, Sone M, Nakashima T. 3D-FLAIR MRI in facial nerve paralysis with and without audio-vestibular disorder. Acta Otolaryngol 2010; 130:632-6. [PMID: 19916898 DOI: 10.3109/00016480903338123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Among patients with facial nerve paralysis, significant difference was observed on three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (3D-FLAIR MRI) between those with and without audio-vestibular disturbance. This MRI technique may contribute to elucidation of the pathology of Ramsay Hunt syndrome and Bell's palsy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 3D-FLAIR MRI findings in patients who have facial nerve paralysis with and without audio-vestibular disturbance. METHODS 3D-FLAIR MRI was performed with and without gadolinium enhancement in 15 patients (5 men and 10 women) with unilateral facial nerve paralysis: 3 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 3 patients having facial nerve paralysis with hearing loss or vertigo without vesicles, and 9 patients with Bell's palsy. RESULTS Five of the six patients with audio-vestibular disturbance showed high signals in the inner ear on precontrast 3D-FLAIR. In comparison, among nine patients with Bell's palsy, only one patient showed high signals in the inner ear on precontrast 3D-FLAIR (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Nakata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Berrettini S, Ravecca F, Volterrani D, Neri E, Forli F. Imaging Evaluation in Otosclerosis: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2010; 119:215-24. [DOI: 10.1177/000348941011900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of our study was to demonstrate the utility of diphosphonate bone single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in diagnosing otosclerosis and to correlate the findings from SPECT with age, gender, and sensorineural hearing loss. We also evaluated the ability of high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) in detecting otospongiotic and otosclerotic foci and correlated the HR-CT findings with the SPECT results. Methods: Seventy-three subjects with surgically confirmed otosclerosis underwent SPECT, and 45 of the 73 patients also underwent HR-CT of the petrous bones. Results: In the patient sample examined in this study, SPECT demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of about 96.7%. By correlating the SPECT findings, we found an inverse relationship between bone radioactivity and age (ie, greater disease activity in younger patients) and a direct relationship between bone radioactivity and the severity of sensorineural impairment in younger patients. In the 45 patients who also underwent HR-CT, the sensitivity of HR-CT (58%) was lower than that of SPECT, and the comparison between SPECT activity and the HR-CT findings (fenestral or retrofenestral type) demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between the morphological finding of bone demineralization (pericochlear foci) and a high uptake index. Conclusions: The use of SPECT seems to be highly effective in differentiating normal from pathological petrous bone. It also provides a quantitative evaluation of disease activity and shows a significant correlation with bone demineralization revealed by HR-CT.
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Yamazaki M, Naganawa S, Kawai H, Nihashi T, Fukatsu H, Nakashima T. Increased signal intensity of the cochlea on pre- and post-contrast enhanced 3D-FLAIR in patients with vestibular schwannoma. Neuroradiology 2010; 51:855-63. [PMID: 19727694 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-009-0588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the vestibular schwannoma patients, the pathophysiologic mechanism of inner ear involvement is still unclear. We investigated the status of the cochleae in patients with vestibular schwannoma by evaluating the signal intensity of cochlear fluid on pre- and post-contrast enhanced thin section three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR). METHODS Twenty-eight patients were retrospectively analyzed. Post-contrast images were obtained in 18 patients, and 20 patients had the records of their pure-tone audiometry. Regions of interest of both cochleae (C) and of the medulla oblongata (M) were determined on 3D-FLAIR images by referring to 3D heavily T2-weighted images on a workstation. The signal intensity ratio between C and M on the 3D-FLAIR images (CM ratio) was then evaluated. In addition, correlation between the CM ratio and the hearing level was also evaluated. RESULTS The CM ratio of the affected side was significantly higher than that of the unaffected side (rho < 0.001). In the affected side, post-contrast signal elevation was observed (rho < 0.005). In 13 patients (26 cochleae) who underwent both gadolinium injection and the pure-tone audiometry, the post-contrast CM ratio correlated with hearing level (rho < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that alteration of cochlear fluid composition and increased permeability of the blood-labyrinthine barrier exist in the affected side in patients with vestibular schwannoma. Furthermore, although weak, positive correlation between post-contrast cochlear signal intensity on 3D-FLAIR and hearing level warrants further study to clarify the relationship between 3D-FLAIR findings and prognosis of hearing preservation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Lee IH, Kim HJ, Chung WH, Kim E, Moon JW, Kim ST, Kim KH, Jeon P, Byun HS. Signal intensity change of the labyrinth in patients with surgically confirmed or radiologically diagnosed vestibular schwannoma on isotropic 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging at 3 T. Eur Radiol 2009; 20:949-57. [PMID: 19898851 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the signal intensity (SI) change of the labyrinth in patients with vestibular schwannoma on isotropic 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging at 3 T. METHODS Thirty-four patients with surgically confirmed or radiologically diagnosed vestibular schwannoma were included in this study. Retrospectively, we visually and quantitatively compared the SIs of the cochlea and vestibule on the affected side with those on the unaffected side. We also investigated whether there was correlation between the SI ratios (SIRs) of the labyrinth and the audiometric findings. RESULTS On 3D FLAIR images, the SI of the cochlea and vestibule on the affected side was significantly increased in 97% (33/34) and 91% (31/34), respectively. While the SI of the cochlea was diffusely increased, that of the vestibule was only partially increased. Quantitative study also revealed statistically significantly higher SIRs of the cochlea (0.99 +/- 0.29) and vestibule (0.73 +/- 0.31) on the affected side, compared with the cochlea (0.47 +/- 0.20) and vestibule (0.19 +/- 0.10) on the unaffected side. There was no significant correlation of the SIRs of the labyrinth with the degree of hearing loss. CONCLUSION In patients with vestibular schwannoma, isotropic 3D FLAIR imaging is a useful method for the evaluation of the SI changes of the labyrinth.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Naganawa S, Satake H, Iwano S, Fukatsu H, Sone M, Nakashima T. Imaging endolymphatic hydrops at 3 tesla using 3D-FLAIR with intratympanic Gd-DTPA administration. Magn Reson Med Sci 2008; 7:85-91. [PMID: 18603840 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.7.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Visualization of endolymphatic hydrops by 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-FLAIR using conventional turbo-spin-echo (3D-FLAIR-CONV) after intratympanic injection of Gd-DTPA has been reported in patients with Ménière's disease. Compared to 3D-FLAIR-CONV used in previous studies, the addition of a variable flip-angle technique (3D-FLAIR-VFL) enables very long echo trains and, therefore, shorter scan times. We evaluated whether 3D-FLAIR-VFL could replace 3D-FLAIR-CONV in detecting endolymphatic hydrops after intratympanic Gd-DTPA administration. METHODS Eleven patients were included in this study. Twenty-four hours after Gd-DTPA injection, we performed 3D-FLAIR-CONV and 3D-FLAIR-VFL imaging at 3T. We compared the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between cochlear fluid and the cerebellum between the 2 FLAIR sequences. We subjectively scored the size of the endolymphatic space in the cochlea and vestibule for each patient and correlated the scores with the clinical diagnoses. RESULTS The CNR of 3D-FLAIR-CONV was significantly higher than that of 3D-FLAIR-VFL. Scores for the size of endolymphatic space in the vestibule were identical between the 2 sequences; however, those in the cochlea disagreed in 3 cases. 3D-FLAIR-CONV correlated better with the clinical diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Currently, we may not be able to replace 3D-FLAIR-CONV with 3D-FLAIR-VFL, at least not with the scanning parameters used in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Naganawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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