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Huang N, Fang J, Du F, Zhou J, Li Y, Zhang X. Uncovering essential anesthetics-induced exosomal miRNAs related to hepatocellular carcinoma progression: a bioinformatic investigation. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:154. [PMID: 38840234 PMCID: PMC11155038 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthetic drugs may alter exosomal microRNA (miRNA) contents and mediate cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Our study aims to explore how the anesthetics (sevoflurane and propofol) impact the miRNA makeup within exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), alongside the interconnected signaling pathways linked to the tumor immune microenvironment. METHODS In this prospective study, we collected plasma exosomes from two groups of HCC patients (n = 5 each) treated with either propofol or sevoflurane, both before anesthesia and after hepatectomy. Exosomal miRNA profiles were assessed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Furthermore, the expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) was used to pinpoint the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) attributed to the influence of propofol or sevoflurane in the context of HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to dissect the signaling pathways and biological activities associated with the identified DEmiRNAs and their corresponding target genes. RESULTS A total of 35 distinct DEmiRNAs were exclusively regulated by either propofol (n = 9) or sevoflurane (n = 26). Through TCGA-LIHC database analysis, 8 DEmiRNAs were associated with HCC. These included propofol-triggered miR-452-5p and let-7c-5p, as well as sevoflurane-induced miR-24-1-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-4686, miR-214-3p, and miR-511-5p. Analyses revealed that among these 8 DEmiRNAs, the upregulation of miR-24-1-5p consistently demonstrated a significant association with lower histological grades (p < 0.0001), early-stage tumors (p < 0.05) and higher survival (p = 0.029). Further analyses using GSEA and GSVA indicated that miR-24-1-5p, along with its target genes, were involved in governing the tumor immune microenvironment and potentially inhibiting tumor progression in HCC. CONCLUSIONS This study provided bioinformatics evidence suggesting that sevoflurane-induced plasma exosomal miRNAs may have a potential impact on the immune microenvironment of HCC. These findings established a foundation for future research into mechanistic outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Department of anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Du
- Department of anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichuan Zhou
- Department of anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang SL, Wang HL. Ancillary tests for hepatobiliary neoplasms: what we know and what we need to know. Hum Pathol 2023; 141:183-200. [PMID: 36775105 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Ancillary tests are commonly used in the surgical pathology setting for diagnosing challenging neoplastic diseases of the liver and biliary tract, while histology and clinical correlation remain to be critically important. With continuous discoveries, more and more useful ancillary tests have become available, which can help distinguish between malignant and benign hepatocellular neoplasms, malignant and benign biliary tract entities, and intrahepatic and metastatic carcinomas. This review will focus on existing and emerging biomarkers (such as glutamine synthetase, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3, insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA binding protein-3, S100P, SMAD4, enhancer of zeste homolog 2, albumin, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β, etc.) that can be used for the diagnosis, classification and prognostication of hepatobiliary neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and Ronald Reagan Medical Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hanlin L Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and Ronald Reagan Medical Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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3
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Mou H, Eskiocak O, Özler KA, Gorman M, Yue J, Jin Y, Wang Z, Gao Y, Janowitz T, Meyer HV, Yu T, Wilkinson JE, Kucukural A, Ozata DM, Beyaz S. CRISPR-induced exon skipping of β-catenin reveals tumorigenic mutants driving distinct subtypes of liver cancer. J Pathol 2023; 259:415-427. [PMID: 36641763 PMCID: PMC10273193 DOI: 10.1002/path.6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-driven cancer modeling studies are based on the disruption of tumor suppressor genes by small insertions or deletions (indels) that lead to frame-shift mutations. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 is widely used to define the significance of cancer oncogenes and genetic dependencies in loss-of-function studies. However, how CRISPR/Cas9 influences gain-of-function oncogenic mutations is elusive. Here, we demonstrate that single guide RNA targeting exon 3 of Ctnnb1 (encoding β-catenin) results in exon skipping and generates gain-of-function isoforms in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated exon skipping of Ctnnb1 induces liver tumor formation in synergy with YAPS127A in mice. We define two distinct exon skipping-induced tumor subtypes with different histological and transcriptional features. Notably, ectopic expression of two exon-skipped β-catenin transcript isoforms together with YAPS127A phenocopies the two distinct subtypes of liver cancer. Moreover, we identify similar CTNNB1 exon-skipping events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Collectively, our findings advance our understanding of β-catenin-related tumorigenesis and reveal that CRISPR/Cas9 can be repurposed, in vivo, to study gain-of-function mutations of oncogenes in cancer. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Mou
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Onur Eskiocak
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Kadir A. Özler
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Megan Gorman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Junjiayu Yue
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Ying Jin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Ya Gao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Tianxiong Yu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John E Wilkinson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deniz M. Ozata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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4
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Zheng X, Liu X, Lei Y, Wang G, Liu M. Glypican-3: A Novel and Promising Target for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:824208. [PMID: 35251989 PMCID: PMC8889910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.824208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a membrane-associated proteoglycan that is specifically up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) although rarely or not expressed in normal liver tissues, making it a perfect diagnostic and treatment target for HCC. Several GPC3-based clinical trials are ongoing and recently several innovative GPC3-targeted therapeutic methods have emerged with exciting results, including GPC3 vaccine, anti-GPC3 immunotoxin, combined therapy with immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T or NK cells. Here, we review the value of GPC3 in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, together with its signaling pathways, with a specific focus on GPC3-targeted treatments of HCC and some prospects for the future GPC3-based therapeutic strategies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Zheng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mohamed DAW, Elazeem HMA, Al-Hameid HA, Mohamed RH, Abdel-Salam MF, Abuelela S, Abozeid AA, Mohamad MI. Low dose pterostilbene-mediated hepatic chemoprevention in diethylnitrosamine-treated rats: Modulation of Ppar alpha, Nrf2 and Capase3 expression. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Lu H, Ye C, Feng X, Liu J, Bhaumik M, Xia B, Liu C, Shen Z. Spontaneous Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and B-Cell Lymphoma in Mosaic and Heterozygous Brca2 and Cdkn1a Interacting Protein Knockout Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1175-1187. [PMID: 32201259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver tumors. Although HCC is associated with chronic viral infections, alcoholic cirrhosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, genetic factors that contribute to the HCC risk remain unknown. The BRCA2 DNA repair associated (BRCA2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) interacting protein, known as BCCIP, are essential for cell viability and maintenance of genomic stability. In this study, we established a new genetically engineered mouse model with Bccip deficiency. Mosaic or heterozygous Bccip deletion conferred an increased risk of spontaneous liver tumorigenesis and B-cell lymphoma development at old age. These abnormalities are accompanied with chronic inflammation, histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, keratin and ubiquitin aggregates within cytoplasmic Mallory-Denk bodies, and changes of the intracellular distribution of high-mobility group box 1 protein. Our study suggests BCCIP dysregulation as a risk factor for HCC and offers a novel mouse model for future investigations of nonviral or nonalcoholic causes of HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Lu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Caiyong Ye
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Xing Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jingmei Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mantu Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Bing Xia
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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7
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Normal Alpha-Fetoprotein Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Are They Really Normal? J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101736. [PMID: 31635078 PMCID: PMC6832124 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was routinely employed as a tumor marker for screening, diagnosis, and treatment follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a substantial proportion of HCC patients had normal AFP level even at an advanced disease status. Few studies to date had tried to explore the nature and behavior of this normal AFP HCC (N-HCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcome of N-HCC after operation. In addition, potential tumor markers for N-HCC were also sought in an attempt to augment diagnostic ability. Methods: between 2005 and 2015, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated with hepatectomy in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou branch were divided into two groups according to their preoperative serum AFP level (<15 ng/mL: NHCC; ≥15 ng/mL: abnormal AFP HCC (A-HCC)). Patient demographic data and clinicopathological variables were collected. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant risk factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for N-HCC. ELISA and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies were employed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of various tumor markers. Results: a total of 1616 patients (78% male) who underwent liver resection for HCC were included in this study. Of them, 761 patients (47.1%) were N-HCC. N-HCC patients were significantly older with more comorbidities and less hepatitis virus infections. Furthermore, N-HCC had fewer early recurrences (49.6% vs. 60.8%, p < 0.001) and better DFS (44.6 months vs. 23.6 months, p < 0.001) and OS (94.5 months vs. 81.7 months, p < 0.001). Both ELISA and IHC studies demonstrated that glypican-3 (GPC3) would be a promising diagnostic tumor marker for N-HCC. Conclusion: N-HCC patients were significantly older and had less hepatitis virus infections or cirrhosis. Their tumors tended to be smaller, less vascular invaded, and well-differentiated. The carcinogenesis of N-HCC may thus not be identical to that of typical HCC. GPC3 would be a promising tumor marker for diagnosing N-HCC. Further study is warranted to validate our findings.
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8
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Wang Z, Han YJ, Huang S, Wang M, Zhou WL, Li HS, Wang QS, Wu HB. Imaging the expression of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma by PET. Amino Acids 2017; 50:309-320. [PMID: 29204748 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glypican-3 (GPC3) receptor is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. GPC3-targeted molecular imaging will be helpful to differentiate diagnosis and guide therapy. In the present study, we will develop a novel PET probe for imaging the expression of GPC-3. L5 (sequence: RLNVGGTYFLTTRQ), a GPC3 targeting peptide, was labeled with 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and 18F-fluoride. Cell binding tests were performed to identify the binding specificity of FAM-L5 and 18F radiolabeled peptide. MicroPET/CT imaging was used to determine the potential of a novel PET tracer for visualizing HCC tumors with a high expression of GPC3. In vitro binding tests showed that the uptake of FAM-L5 in HepG2 cells (high expression of GPC3) was significantly higher than that of HL-7702 cells (negative expression of GPC3) (mean fluorescent intensity: 14,094 ± 797 vs. 2765 ± 314 events, t = 32.363, P = 0.000). Confocal fluorescent imaging identified that FAM-L5 accumulated where the GPC3 receptor was located. A novel PET tracer (18F-AlF-NODA-MP-6-Aoc-L5) was successfully labeled by chelation chemistry. In vitro cell uptake studies showed that 18F-AlF-NODA-MP-6-Aoc-L5 can bind to HepG2 tumor cells and was stable in PBS and mouse serum stability tests. MicroPET/CT showed that HepG2 tumors could be clearly visualized with a tumor/muscle ratio of 2.46 ± 0.53. However, the tumor/liver ratio was low (0.93 ± 0.16) due to the high physiological uptake in the liver. This study demonstrates that FAM and the 18F-labeled L5 peptide can selectively target HCC with a high expression of GPC3 in vitro and in vivo. 18F-AlF-NODA-MP-C6-L5 has the potential to be a GPC3 target tracer but requires some chemical modifications to achieve a high enough tumor/liver ratio for detection of the tumor in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Han
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Lan Zhou
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Li
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan-Shi Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hu-Bing Wu
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Wang HL, Kim CJ, Koo J, Zhou W, Choi EK, Arcega R, Chen ZE, Wang H, Zhang L, Lin F. Practical Immunohistochemistry in Neoplastic Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1155-1180. [PMID: 28854347 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0489-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - Immunomarkers with diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic values have been increasingly used to maximize the benefits of clinical management of patients with neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. OBJECTIVES - To review the characteristics of immunomarkers that are commonly used in surgical pathology practice for neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas, and to summarize the clinical usefulness of immunomarkers that have been discovered in recent years in these fields. DATA SOURCES - Data sources include literature review, authors' research data, and personal practice experience. CONCLUSIONS - Immunohistochemistry is an indispensable tool for the accurate diagnosis of neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Useful immunomarkers are available to help distinguish malignant neoplasms from benign conditions, determine organ origins, and subclassify neoplasms that are morphologically and biologically heterogeneous. Specific immunomarkers are also available to help guide patient treatment and assess disease aggressiveness, which are keys to the success of personalized medicine. Pathologists will continue to play a critical role in the discovery, validation, and application of new biomarkers, which will ultimately improve patient care.
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10
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Zhou F, Shang W, Yu X, Tian J. Glypican-3: A promising biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev 2017. [PMID: 28621802 DOI: 10.1002/med.21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type. Therefore, molecular targets are urgently required for the early detection of HCC and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Glypican-3 (GPC3), an oncofetal proteoglycan anchored to the cell membrane, is normally detected in the fetal liver but not in the healthy adult liver. However, in HCC patients, GPC3 is overexpressed at both the gene and protein levels, and its expression predicts a poor prognosis. Mechanistic studies have revealed that GPC3 functions in HCC progression by binding to molecules such as Wnt signaling proteins and growth factors. Moreover, GPC3 has been used as a target for molecular imaging and therapeutic intervention in HCC. To date, GPC3-targeted magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and near-infrared imaging have been investigated for early HCC detection, and various immunotherapeutic protocols targeting GPC3 have been developed, including the use of humanized anti-GPC3 cytotoxic antibodies, treatment with peptide/DNA vaccines, immunotoxin therapies, and genetic therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the structure, function, and biology of GPC3 with a focus on its clinical potential as a diagnostic molecule and a therapeutic target in HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubo Zhou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenting Shang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Yao M, Wang L, Fang M, Zheng W, Dong Z, Yao D. Advances in the study of oncofetal antigen glypican-3 expression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:337-343. [PMID: 27795482 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early specific diagnosis and effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are crucial. Expression of membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-3 (GPC-3) was recently found to increase as part of the malignant transformation of hepatocytes, and this increase is especially marked in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, periportal cancerous embolus, or extra-hepatic metastasis. According to data from basic and clinical studies, the oncofetal antigen GPC-3 is a highly specific diagnostic biomarker of HCC and an indicator of its prognosis, and GPC-3 is also a promising target molecule for HCC gene therapy since it may play a crucial role in cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and it may mediate oncogenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of oncofetal antigen GPC-3 to diagnose HBV-related HCC, estimate its prognosis, and its targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University
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12
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Mendes RB, Dias RB, Figueiredo AL, Gurgel CA, Santana Filho M, Melo LA, Trierveiler M, Cury PR, Leonardi R, Dos Santos JN. Glypican-3 distinguishes aggressive from non-aggressive odontogenic tumors: a preliminary study. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:297-300. [PMID: 27647326 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glypican-3 is a cell surface proteoglycan that is found in embrionary tissues, and there are no studies investigating this protein in odontogenic tumor. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate glypican-3 in a series of aggressive and non-aggressive odontogenic tumors. METHODS Fifty-nine cases of tumors were divided into aggressive odontogenic tumors (20 solid ameloblastomas, four unicystic ameloblastoma, 28 KOTs including five associated with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) and non-aggressive odontogenic tumors (five adenomatoid odontogenic tumors and two calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors) and analyzed for glypican-3 using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Glypican-3 was observed in seven solid ameloblastoma and eighteen keratocystic odontogenic tumors including three of the five syndromic cases, but there was no significant difference between syndromic and sporadic cases (P > 0.05; Fisher's exact Test). All cases of unicystic ameloblastoma (n = 4), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (n = 5), and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (n = 2) were negative. CONCLUSIONS This provided insights into the presence of glypican-3 in odontogenic tumors. This protein distinguished aggressive from non-aggressive odontogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Barreto Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Human Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rosane Borges Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Human Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Andreia Leal Figueiredo
- Department of Public Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Araújo Gurgel
- Postgraduate Program in Human Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Manoel Santana Filho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Araújo Melo
- Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marília Trierveiler
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ramos Cury
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Human Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Li W, Guo L, Rathi P, Marinova E, Gao X, Wu MF, Liu H, Dotti G, Gottschalk S, Metelitsa LS, Heczey A. Redirecting T Cells to Glypican-3 with 4-1BB Zeta Chimeric Antigen Receptors Results in Th1 Polarization and Potent Antitumor Activity. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 28:437-448. [PMID: 27530312 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells engineered to express CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown breakthrough clinical successes in patients with B-cell lymphoid malignancies. However, similar therapeutic efficacy of CAR T cells in solid tumors is yet to be achieved. In this study we systematically evaluated a series of CAR constructs targeting glypican-3 (GPC3), which is selectively expressed on several solid tumors. We compared GPC3-specific CARs that encoded CD3ζ (Gz) alone or with costimulatory domains derived from CD28 (G28z), 4-1BB (GBBz), or CD28 and 4-1BB (G28BBz). All GPC3-CARs rendered T cells highly cytotoxic to GPC3-positive hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines in vitro. GBBz induced the preferential production of Th1 cytokines (interferon γ/granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) while G28z preferentially induced Th2 cytokines (interleukin-4/interleukin-10). Inclusion of 4-1BB in G28BBz could only partially ameliorate the Th2-polarizing effect of CD28. 4-1BB induced superior expansion of CAR T cells in vitro and in vivo. T cells expressing GPC3-CARs incorporating CD28, 4-1BB, or both induced sustained tumor regressions in two xenogeneic tumor models. Thus, GBBz CAR endows T cells with superior proliferative potential, potent antitumor activity, and a Th1-biased cytokine profile, justifying further clinical development of GBBz CAR for immunotherapy of GPC3-positive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Li
- 1 Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
| | - Linjie Guo
- 1 Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
| | - Purva Rathi
- 4 Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ekaterina Marinova
- 1 Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- 1 Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng-Feng Wu
- 4 Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hao Liu
- 4 Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- 1 Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas.,6 Department of Pathology and Immunology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- 1 Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas.,6 Department of Pathology and Immunology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andras Heczey
- 1 Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,2 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas.,4 Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Tai BJ, Yao M, Wang L, Qian Q, Shi Y, Yu DD, Lu SL, Yao DF. Down-regulation of glypican-3 gene transcription inhibits hepatoma cell invasion and angiogenesis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2221-2228. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i16.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether down-regulation of glypican-3 (GPC-3) gene transcription by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) inhibits hepatoma MHCC-97H cell invasion and angiogenesis.
METHODS: Specific GPC-3 shRNAs were transfected into MHCC-97H cells. GPC-3 mRNA and protein expression was analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. Hepatoma cell proliferation was detected by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and sulforhodamine B assay, and cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound healing and transwell assays.
RESULTS: After MHCC-97H cells were transfected with shRNA1, GPC-3 mRNA expression was down-regulated by 75.6% (t = 15.473, P < 0.001), cell proliferation was inhibited significantly, and cell migration and invasion were decreased. β-catenin expression was down-regulated by 67.7%, and glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) expression was up-regulated by 53.5% in MHCC-97H cells. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly decreased (54.2%, t = 46.746, P < 0.001) in cells transfected with shRNA1 compared with control cells.
CONCLUSION: shRNA-mediated GPC-3 knockdown inhibits the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of hepatoma cells possibly through Wnt/β-catenin and Hh signaling pathways.
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