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Ou L, Liu S, Wang H, Guo Y, Guan L, Shen L, Luo R, Elder DE, Huang AC, Karakousis G, Miura J, Mitchell T, Schuchter L, Amaravadi R, Flowers A, Mou H, Yi F, Guo W, Ko J, Chen Q, Tian B, Herlyn M, Xu X. Patient-derived melanoma organoid models facilitate the assessment of immunotherapies. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104614. [PMID: 37229906 PMCID: PMC10277922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a minority of melanoma patients experience durable responses to immunotherapies due to inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity in melanoma. As a result, there is a pressing need for suitable preclinical models to investigate resistance mechanisms and enhance treatment efficacy. METHODS Here, we report two different methods for generating melanoma patient-derived organoids (MPDOs), one is embedded in collagen gel, and the other is inlaid in Matrigel. MPDOs in Matrigel are used for assessing the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibodies (αPD-1), autochthonous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and small molecule compounds. MPDOs in collagen gel are used for evaluating the chemotaxis and migratory capacity of TILs. FINDING The MPDOs in collagen gel and Matrigel have similar morphology and immune cell composition to their parental melanoma tissues. MPDOs show inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and contain diverse immune cells such as CD4+, CD8+ T, Treg, CD14+ monocytic, CD15+, and CD11b+ myeloid cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in MPDOs is highly immunosuppressive, and the lymphoid and myeloid lineages express similar levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 as their parental melanoma tissues. Anti-PD-1 antibodies (αPD-1) reinvigorate CD8+ T cells and induce melanoma cell death in the MPDOs. TILs expanded by IL-2 and αPD-1 show significantly lower expression of TIM-3, better migratory capacity and infiltration of autochthonous MPDOs, and more effective killing of melanoma cells than TILs expanded by IL-2 alone or IL-2 with αCD3. A small molecule screen discovers that Navitoclax increases the cytotoxicity of TIL therapy. INTERPRETATION MPDOs may be used to test immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular and targeted therapies. FUNDING This work was supported by the NIH grants CA114046, CA261608, CA258113, and the Tara Miller Melanoma Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Huaishan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lei Guan
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Longbin Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ruhui Luo
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - David E Elder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Miura
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tara Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lynn Schuchter
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ahron Flowers
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jina Ko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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2
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Mou H, Eskiocak O, Özler KA, Gorman M, Yue J, Jin Y, Wang Z, Gao Y, Janowitz T, Meyer HV, Yu T, Wilkinson JE, Kucukural A, Ozata DM, Beyaz S. CRISPR-induced exon skipping of β-catenin reveals tumorigenic mutants driving distinct subtypes of liver cancer. J Pathol 2023; 259:415-427. [PMID: 36641763 PMCID: PMC10273193 DOI: 10.1002/path.6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-driven cancer modeling studies are based on the disruption of tumor suppressor genes by small insertions or deletions (indels) that lead to frame-shift mutations. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 is widely used to define the significance of cancer oncogenes and genetic dependencies in loss-of-function studies. However, how CRISPR/Cas9 influences gain-of-function oncogenic mutations is elusive. Here, we demonstrate that single guide RNA targeting exon 3 of Ctnnb1 (encoding β-catenin) results in exon skipping and generates gain-of-function isoforms in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated exon skipping of Ctnnb1 induces liver tumor formation in synergy with YAPS127A in mice. We define two distinct exon skipping-induced tumor subtypes with different histological and transcriptional features. Notably, ectopic expression of two exon-skipped β-catenin transcript isoforms together with YAPS127A phenocopies the two distinct subtypes of liver cancer. Moreover, we identify similar CTNNB1 exon-skipping events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Collectively, our findings advance our understanding of β-catenin-related tumorigenesis and reveal that CRISPR/Cas9 can be repurposed, in vivo, to study gain-of-function mutations of oncogenes in cancer. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Mou
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Onur Eskiocak
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Kadir A. Özler
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Megan Gorman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Junjiayu Yue
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Ying Jin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Ya Gao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Tianxiong Yu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John E Wilkinson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deniz M. Ozata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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3
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Cecchini K, Biasini A, Yu T, Säflund M, Mou H, Arif A, Eghbali A, Colpan C, Gainetdinov I, de Rooij DG, Weng Z, Zamore PD, Özata DM. The transcription factor TCFL5 responds to A-MYB to elaborate the male meiotic program in mice. Reproduction 2023; 165:183-196. [PMID: 36395073 PMCID: PMC9812935 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In brief The testis-specific transcription factor, TCFL5, expressed in pachytene spermatocytes regulates the meiotic gene expression program in collaboration with the transcription factor A-MYB. Abstract In male mice, the transcription factors STRA8 and MEISON initiate meiosis I. We report that STRA8/MEISON activates the transcription factors A-MYB and TCFL5, which together reprogram gene expression after spermatogonia enter into meiosis. TCFL5 promotes the transcription of genes required for meiosis, mRNA turnover, miR-34/449 production, meiotic exit, and spermiogenesis. This transcriptional architecture is conserved in rhesus macaque, suggesting TCFL5 plays a central role in meiosis and spermiogenesis in placental mammals. Tcfl5em1/em1 mutants are sterile, and spermatogenesis arrests at the mid- or late-pachytene stage of meiosis. Moreover, Tcfl5+/em1 mutants produce fewer motile sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Cecchini
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Adriano Biasini
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tianxiong Yu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Martin Säflund
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haiwei Mou
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Amena Arif
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Present address: Beam Therapeutics, 238 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Atiyeh Eghbali
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cansu Colpan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Present address: Voyager Therapeutics, 75 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ildar Gainetdinov
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dirk G. de Rooij
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Phillip D. Zamore
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Deniz M. Özata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Lead contact
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4
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Bose S, Barroso M, Chheda MG, Clevers H, Elez E, Kaochar S, Kopetz SE, Li XN, Meric-Bernstam F, Meyer CA, Mou H, Naegle KM, Pera MF, Perova Z, Politi KA, Raphael BJ, Robson P, Sears RC, Tabernero J, Tuveson DA, Welm AL, Welm BE, Willey CD, Salnikow K, Chuang JH, Shen X. A path to translation: How 3D patient tumor avatars enable next generation precision oncology. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:1448-1453. [PMID: 36270276 PMCID: PMC10576652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
3D patient tumor avatars (3D-PTAs) hold promise for next-generation precision medicine. Here, we describe the benefits and challenges of 3D-PTA technologies and necessary future steps to realize their potential for clinical decision making. 3D-PTAs require standardization criteria and prospective trials to establish clinical benefits. Innovative trial designs that combine omics and 3D-PTA readouts may lead to more accurate clinical predictors, and an integrated platform that combines diagnostic and therapeutic development will accelerate new treatments for patients with refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Bose
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands; Research and Early Development (pRED) of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Elez
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Institute of Oncology, International Oncology Bureau-Quiron, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, 08035 Spain
| | - Salma Kaochar
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clifford A Meyer
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristen M Naegle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - Zinaida Perova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Katerina A Politi
- Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Benjamin J Raphael
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Institute of Oncology, International Oncology Bureau-Quiron, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, 08035 Spain
| | - David A Tuveson
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Alana L Welm
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bryan E Welm
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Konstantin Salnikow
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - Xiling Shen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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5
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Yu T, Biasini A, Cecchini K, Saflund M, Mou H, Arif A, Eghbali A, de Rooij D, Weng Z, Zamore PD, Ozata DM. A-MYB/TCFL5 regulatory architecture ensures the production of pachytene piRNAs in placental mammals. RNA 2022; 29:rna.079472.122. [PMID: 36241367 PMCID: PMC9808571 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079472.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In male mice, the transcription factor A MYB initiates the transcription of pachytene piRNA genes during meiosis. Here, we report that A MYB activates the transcription factor Tcfl5 produced in pachytene spermatocytes. Subsequently, A MYB and TCFL5 reciprocally reinforce their own transcription to establish a positive feedback circuit that triggers pachytene piRNA production. TCFL5 regulates the expression of genes required for piRNA maturation and promotes transcription of evolutionarily young pachytene piRNA genes, whereas A-MYB activates the transcription of older pachytene piRNA genes. Intriguingly, pachytene piRNAs from TCFL5-dependent young loci initiates the production of piRNAs from A-MYB-dependent older loci ensuring the self-propagation of pachytene piRNAs. A MYB and TCFL5 act via a set of incoherent feedforward loops that drive regulation of gene expression by pachytene piRNAs during spermatogenesis. This regulatory architecture is conserved in rhesus macaque, suggesting that it was present in the last common ancestor of placental mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amena Arif
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
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6
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Mou H, Wang WY, He XL, Zheng LH, Ru GQ, Zhao M. [Clinicopathological and molecular genetic characterization of 2 cases of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of central nervous system in adult patients]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 51:653-655. [PMID: 35785838 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20220205-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Mou
- Department of Pathology, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - W Y Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - X L He
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - L H Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - G Q Ru
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - M Zhao
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
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7
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Beyaz S, Chung C, Mou H, Bauer-Rowe KE, Xifaras ME, Ergin I, Dohnalova L, Biton M, Shekhar K, Eskiocak O, Papciak K, Ozler K, Almeqdadi M, Yueh B, Fein M, Annamalai D, Valle-Encinas E, Erdemir A, Dogum K, Shah V, Alici-Garipcan A, Meyer HV, Özata DM, Elinav E, Kucukural A, Kumar P, McAleer JP, Fox JG, Thaiss CA, Regev A, Roper J, Orkin SH, Yilmaz ÖH. Dietary suppression of MHC class II expression in intestinal epithelial cells enhances intestinal tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1922-1935.e5. [PMID: 34529935 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how interactions of diet, intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and immune cells affect early-stage intestinal tumorigenesis. We show that a high-fat diet (HFD) reduces the expression of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) genes in intestinal epithelial cells, including ISCs. This decline in epithelial MHC class II expression in a HFD correlates with reduced intestinal microbiome diversity. Microbial community transfer experiments suggest that epithelial MHC class II expression is regulated by intestinal flora. Mechanistically, pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) signaling regulates epithelial MHC class II expression. MHC class II-negative (MHC-II-) ISCs exhibit greater tumor-initiating capacity than their MHC class II-positive (MHC-II+) counterparts upon loss of the tumor suppressor Apc coupled with a HFD, suggesting a role for epithelial MHC class II-mediated immune surveillance in suppressing tumorigenesis. ISC-specific genetic ablation of MHC class II increases tumor burden cell autonomously. Thus, HFD perturbs a microbiome-stem cell-immune cell interaction that contributes to tumor initiation in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Charlie Chung
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Khristian E Bauer-Rowe
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael E Xifaras
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ilgin Ergin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Lenka Dohnalova
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Moshe Biton
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; The Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Onur Eskiocak
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Kadir Ozler
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Mohammad Almeqdadi
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian Yueh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Miriam Fein
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Damodaran Annamalai
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eider Valle-Encinas
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aysegul Erdemir
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karoline Dogum
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vyom Shah
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Hannah V Meyer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Deniz M Özata
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jeremy P McAleer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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8
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Smith JL, Rodríguez TC, Mou H, Kwan SY, Pratt H, Zhang XO, Cao Y, Liang S, Ozata DM, Yu T, Yin Q, Hazeltine M, Weng Z, Sontheimer EJ, Xue W. YAP1 Withdrawal in Hepatoblastoma Drives Therapeutic Differentiation of Tumor Cells to Functional Hepatocyte-Like Cells. Hepatology 2021; 73:1011-1027. [PMID: 32452550 PMCID: PMC8500588 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite surgical and chemotherapeutic advances, the 5-year survival rate for stage IV hepatoblastoma (HB), the predominant pediatric liver tumor, remains at 27%. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and β-catenin co-activation occurs in 80% of children's HB; however, a lack of conditional genetic models precludes tumor maintenance exploration. Thus, the need for a targeted therapy remains unmet. Given the predominance of YAP1 and β-catenin activation in HB, we sought to evaluate YAP1 as a therapeutic target in HB. APPROACH AND RESULTS We engineered the conditional HB murine model using hydrodynamic injection to deliver transposon plasmids encoding inducible YAP1S127A , constitutive β-cateninDelN90 , and a luciferase reporter to murine liver. Tumor regression was evaluated using bioluminescent imaging, tumor landscape characterized using RNA and ATAC sequencing, and DNA footprinting. Here we show that YAP1S127A withdrawal mediates more than 90% tumor regression with survival for 230+ days in mice. YAP1S127A withdrawal promotes apoptosis in a subset of tumor cells, and in remaining cells induces a cell fate switch that drives therapeutic differentiation of HB tumors into Ki-67-negative hepatocyte-like HB cells ("HbHeps") with hepatocyte-like morphology and mature hepatocyte gene expression. YAP1S127A withdrawal drives the formation of hbHeps by modulating liver differentiation transcription factor occupancy. Indeed, tumor-derived hbHeps, consistent with their reprogrammed transcriptional landscape, regain partial hepatocyte function and rescue liver damage in mice. CONCLUSIONS YAP1S127A withdrawal, without silencing oncogenic β-catenin, significantly regresses hepatoblastoma, providing in vivo data to support YAP1 as a therapeutic target for HB. YAP1S127A withdrawal alone sufficiently drives long-term regression in HB, as it promotes cell death in a subset of tumor cells and modulates transcription factor occupancy to reverse the fate of residual tumor cells to mimic functional hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Smith
- RNA Therapeutics InstituteUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA.,Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Tomás C Rodríguez
- RNA Therapeutics InstituteUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA.,Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY
| | - Suet-Yan Kwan
- RNA Therapeutics InstituteUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Henry Pratt
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Yueying Cao
- RNA Therapeutics InstituteUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Shunqing Liang
- RNA Therapeutics InstituteUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Deniz M Ozata
- RNA Therapeutics InstituteUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Tianxiong Yu
- Department of BioinformaticsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiangzong Yin
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Max Hazeltine
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Erik J Sontheimer
- RNA Therapeutics InstituteUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA.,Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases ResearchUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics InstituteUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA.,Program in Molecular MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases ResearchUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
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9
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Sun YX, Shen P, Zhang JY, Lu P, Chai PF, Mou H, Huang WZ, Lin HB, Shui LM. [Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 monitoring cases in Yinzhou district based on health big data platform]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41:1220-1224. [PMID: 32867427 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200409-00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 monitoring cases in Yinzhou district based on health big data platform to provide evidence for the construction of COVID-19 monitoring system. Methods: Data on Yinzhou COVID-19 daily surveillance were collected. Information on patients' population classification, epidemiological history, COVID-19 nucleic acid detection rate, positive detection rate and confirmed cases monitoring detection rate were analyzed. Results: Among the 1 595 COVID-19 monitoring cases, 79.94% were community population and 20.06% were key population. The verification rate of monitoring cases was 100.00%. The total percentage of epidemiological history related to Wuhan city or Hubei province was 6.27% in total, and was 2.12% in community population and 22.81% in key population (P<0.001). The total COVID-19 nucleic acid detection rate was 18.24% (291/1 595), and 53.00% in those with epidemiological history and 15.92% in those without (P<0.001).The total positive detection rate was 1.72% (5/291) and the confirmed cases monitoring detection rate was 0.31% (5/1 595). The time interval from the first visit to the first nucleic acid detection of the confirmed monitoring cases and other confirmed cases was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusions: The monitoring system of COVID-19 based on the health big data platform was working well but the confirmed cases monitoring detection rate need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Sun
- Department of Data Center, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - P Shen
- Department of Data Center, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Wonders Information Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - P Lu
- Wonders Information Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - P F Chai
- Department of Data Center, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - H Mou
- Wonders Information Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - W Z Huang
- Department of Data Center, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - H B Lin
- Department of Data Center, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - L M Shui
- Yinzhou District Health Bureau, Ningbo 315100, China
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10
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Özata DM, Yu T, Mou H, Gainetdinov I, Colpan C, Cecchini K, Kaymaz Y, Wu PH, Fan K, Kucukural A, Weng Z, Zamore PD. Evolutionarily conserved pachytene piRNA loci are highly divergent among modern humans. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:156-168. [PMID: 31900453 PMCID: PMC6961462 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the fetal mouse testis, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) guide PIWI proteins to silence transposons but, after birth, most post-pubertal pachytene piRNAs map to the genome uniquely and are thought to regulate genes required for male fertility. In the human male, the developmental classes, precise genomic origins and transcriptional regulation of postnatal piRNAs remain undefined. Here, we demarcate the genes and transcripts that produce postnatal piRNAs in human juvenile and adult testes. As in the mouse, human A-MYB drives transcription of both pachytene piRNA precursor transcripts and messenger RNAs encoding piRNA biogenesis factors. Although human piRNA genes are syntenic to those in other placental mammals, their sequences are poorly conserved. In fact, pachytene piRNA loci are rapidly diverging even among modern humans. Our findings suggest that, during mammalian evolution, pachytene piRNA genes are under few selective constraints. We speculate that pachytene piRNA diversity may provide a hitherto unrecognized driver of reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz M Özata
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tianxiong Yu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ildar Gainetdinov
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cansu Colpan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Katharine Cecchini
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yasin Kaymaz
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Wu
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kaili Fan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Phillip D Zamore
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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11
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Kwan SY, Sheel A, Song CQ, Zhang XO, Jiang T, Dang H, Cao Y, Ozata DM, Mou H, Yin H, Weng Z, Wang XW, Xue W. Depletion of TRRAP Induces p53-Independent Senescence in Liver Cancer by Down-Regulating Mitotic Genes. Hepatology 2020; 71:275-290. [PMID: 31188495 PMCID: PMC6906267 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive subtype of liver cancer with few effective treatments, and the underlying mechanisms that drive HCC pathogenesis remain poorly characterized. Identifying genes and pathways essential for HCC cell growth will aid the development of new targeted therapies for HCC. Using a kinome CRISPR screen in three human HCC cell lines, we identified transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (TRRAP) as an essential gene for HCC cell proliferation. TRRAP has been implicated in oncogenic transformation, but how it functions in cancer cell proliferation is not established. Here, we show that depletion of TRRAP or its co-factor, histone acetyltransferase KAT5, inhibits HCC cell growth through induction of p53-independent and p21-independent senescence. Integrated cancer genomics analyses using patient data and RNA sequencing identified mitotic genes as key TRRAP/KAT5 targets in HCC, and subsequent cell cycle analyses revealed that TRRAP-depleted and KAT5-depleted cells are arrested at the G2/M phase. Depletion of topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), a mitotic gene and TRRAP/KAT5 target, was sufficient to recapitulate the senescent phenotype of TRRAP/KAT5 knockdown. Conclusion: Our results uncover a role for TRRAP/KAT5 in promoting HCC cell proliferation by activating mitotic genes. Targeting the TRRAP/KAT5 complex is a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet-Yan Kwan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Ankur Sheel
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Tingting Jiang
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yueying Cao
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Deniz M. Ozata
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Hao Yin
- Medical research institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, and Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605
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12
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Lee J, Mou H, Ibraheim R, Liang SQ, Liu P, Xue W, Sontheimer EJ. Tissue-restricted genome editing in vivo specified by microRNA-repressible anti-CRISPR proteins. RNA 2019; 25:1421-1431. [PMID: 31439808 PMCID: PMC6795140 DOI: 10.1261/rna.071704.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems are bacterial adaptive immune pathways that have revolutionized biotechnology and biomedical applications. Despite the potential for human therapeutic development, there are many hurdles that must be overcome before its use in clinical settings. Some clinical safety concerns arise from editing activity in unintended cell types or tissues upon in vivo delivery (e.g., by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors). Although tissue-specific promoters and serotypes with tissue tropisms can be used, suitably compact promoters are not always available for desired cell types, and AAV tissue tropism specificities are not absolute. To reinforce tissue-specific editing, we exploited anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) that have evolved as natural countermeasures against CRISPR immunity. To inhibit Cas9 in all ancillary tissues without compromising editing in the target tissue, we established a flexible platform in which an Acr transgene is repressed by endogenous, tissue-specific microRNAs (miRNAs). We demonstrate that miRNAs regulate the expression of an Acr transgene bearing miRNA-binding sites in its 3'-UTR and control subsequent genome editing outcomes in a cell-type specific manner. We also show that the strategy is applicable to multiple Cas9 orthologs and their respective anti-CRISPRs. Furthermore, we validate this approach in vivo by demonstrating that AAV9 delivery of Nme2Cas9, along with an AcrIIC3 Nme construct that is targeted for repression by liver-specific miR-122, allows editing in the liver while repressing editing in an unintended tissue (heart muscle) in adult mice. This strategy provides safeguards against off-tissue genome editing by confining Cas9 activity to selected cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Lee
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Raed Ibraheim
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Shun-Qing Liang
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Program in Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Erik J Sontheimer
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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13
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Smith JL, Mou H, Zhang XO, Ozata D, Xue W. Modeling and identifying therapeutic targets in Hepatoblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e21518 Background: Hepatoblastoma, an aggressive pediatric liver tumor, most often affects young children under five years of age. Surgical resection and chemotherapy have saved many children’s lives; yet, the overall five-year survival rate is 70%, and worse for children who present with unresectable tumors. Addressing the clinical need for HB-targeted therapies requires a better understanding of how HB tumors maintain their tumorigenic potential. Recent studies suggest that YAP1, the transcriptional co-regulator, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway cooperate for HB tumor initiation. Further YAP1 is hyperactivated in nearly 80% of children’s HB tumors; however, will YAP1 inhibition result in therapeutic benefit for pediatric patients? Methods: To assess the role of YAP1 signaling in HB tumor maintenance, we generated a conditional mouse model of HB driven by doxycycline-inducible YAP1S127A and constitutively active β-Catenin. Delivery of doxycycline induces YAP1S127A expression and mice develop HB tumors within six weeks. After tumor formation, doxycycline is withdrawn, turning off YAP1 expression, and tumor progression is monitored using in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Results: Here we show in our conditional mouse model of HB that YAP1 is essential for tumor maintenance. In vivo YAP1 withdrawal leads to > 90% tumor regression within 10 weeks. Transcriptional analyses reveal that YAP1 withdraw in regressing tumors potently induces hepatocyte differentiation and metabolism genes, including HNF4a and FoxA2 target genes. Conclusions: Establishment of a luminescent conditional model of HB provides a new platform to critically address and explore therapeutic vulnerabilities in HB. Specifically, our data suggest HB tumor maintenance requires YAP1. Finally, in vivo tumor regression following YAP1 withdraw serves as preclinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of YAP1 inhibitory therapies in children with HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Smith
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute, MD/PhD Training Program, Worcester, MA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA
| | - Deniz Ozata
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute, Worcester, MA
| | - Wen Xue
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute, Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA
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14
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Mou H, Ozata DM, Smith JL, Sheel A, Kwan SY, Hough S, Kucukural A, Kennedy Z, Cao Y, Xue W. CRISPR-SONIC: targeted somatic oncogene knock-in enables rapid in vivo cancer modeling. Genome Med 2019; 11:21. [PMID: 30987660 PMCID: PMC6466773 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized cancer mouse models. Although loss-of-function genetics by CRISPR/Cas9 is well-established, generating gain-of-function alleles in somatic cancer models is still challenging because of the low efficiency of gene knock-in. Here we developed CRISPR-based Somatic Oncogene kNock-In for Cancer Modeling (CRISPR-SONIC), a method for rapid in vivo cancer modeling using homology-independent repair to integrate oncogenes at a targeted genomic locus. Using a dual guide RNA strategy, we integrated a plasmid donor in the 3'-UTR of mouse β-actin, allowing co-expression of reporter genes or oncogenes from the β-actin promoter. We showed that knock-in of oncogenic Ras and loss of p53 efficiently induced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in mice. Further, our strategy can generate bioluminescent liver cancer to facilitate tumor imaging. This method simplifies in vivo gain-of-function genetics by facilitating targeted integration of oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Deniz M Ozata
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jordan L Smith
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ankur Sheel
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Suet-Yan Kwan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Soren Hough
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alper Kucukural
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Zachary Kennedy
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yueying Cao
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, and Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Two new studies refine our understanding of CRISPR-associated exon skipping and redefine its utility in engineering alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Smith
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, and Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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16
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Wang D, Li J, Song CQ, Tran K, Mou H, Wu PH, Tai PWL, Mendonca CA, Ren L, Wang BY, Su Q, Gessler DJ, Zamore PD, Xue W, Gao G. Cas9-mediated allelic exchange repairs compound heterozygous recessive mutations in mice. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:839-842. [PMID: 30102296 PMCID: PMC6126964 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a genome-editing strategy to correct compound heterozygous mutations, a common genotype in patients with recessive genetic disorders. Adeno-associated viral vector delivery of Cas9 and guide RNA induces allelic exchange and rescues the disease phenotype in mouse models of hereditary tyrosinemia type I and mucopolysaccharidosis type I. This approach recombines non-mutated genetic information present in two heterozygous alleles into one functional allele without using donor DNA templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Tran
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Wu
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phillip W L Tai
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig A Mendonca
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lingzhi Ren
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blake Y Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qin Su
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominic J Gessler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phillip D Zamore
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Zhang XO, Fu Y, Mou H, Xue W, Weng Z. The temporal landscape of recursive splicing during Pol II transcription elongation in human cells. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007579. [PMID: 30148885 PMCID: PMC6110456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recursive splicing (RS) is an evolutionarily conserved process of removing long introns via multiple steps of splicing. It was first discovered in Drosophila and recently proven to occur also in humans. The detailed mechanism of recursive splicing is not well understood, in particular, whether it is kinetically coupled with transcription. To investigate the dynamic process that underlies recursive splicing, we systematically characterized 342 RS sites in three human cell types using published time-series data that monitored synchronized Pol II elongation and nascent RNA production with 4-thiouridine labeling. We found that half of the RS events occurred post-transcriptionally with long delays. For at least 18-47% RS introns, we detected RS junction reads only after detecting canonical splicing junction reads, supporting the notion that these introns were removed by both recursive splicing and canonical splicing. Furthermore, the choice of which splicing mechanism was used showed cell type specificity. Our results suggest that recursive splicing supplements, rather than replaces, canonical splicing for removing long introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ou Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yu Fu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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18
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Mou H, Smith J, Peng L, Yin H, Moore J, Zhang XO, Song C, Sheel A, Wu Q, Ozata D, Li Y, Anderson D, Emerson C, Moore M, Weng Z, Xue W. Abstract 3374: CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing induces exon skipping by alternative splicing or exon deletion. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
CRISPR is widely used to disrupt gene function by inducing small insertions and deletions. Here, we show that some single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) can induce exon skipping or large genomic deletions that delete exons. For example, CRISPR-mediated editing of β-catenin exon 3, which encodes an autoinhibitory domain, induces partial skipping of the in-frame exon and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. A single sgRNA can induce small insertions or deletions that partially alter splicing or unexpected larger deletions that remove exons. Exon skipping adds to the unexpected outcomes that must be accounted for, and perhaps taken advantage of, in CRISPR experiments.
Citation Format: Haiwei Mou, Jordan Smith, Lingtao Peng, Hao Yin, Jill Moore, Xiao-Ou Zhang, Chunqing Song, Ankur Sheel, Qiongqiong Wu, Deniz Ozata, Yingxiang Li, Daniel Anderson, Charles Emerson, Melissa Moore, Zhiping Weng, Wen Xue. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing induces exon skipping by alternative splicing or exon deletion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Mou
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jordan Smith
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Lingtao Peng
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Hao Yin
- 2Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA
| | - Jill Moore
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Chunqing Song
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Ankur Sheel
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Deniz Ozata
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | | | | | - Melissa Moore
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Wen Xue
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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19
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Yin H, Song CQ, Suresh S, Wu Q, Walsh S, Rhym LH, Mintzer E, Bolukbasi MF, Zhu LJ, Kauffman K, Mou H, Oberholzer A, Ding J, Kwan SY, Bogorad RL, Zatsepin T, Koteliansky V, Wolfe SA, Xue W, Langer R, Anderson DG. Structure-guided chemical modification of guide RNA enables potent non-viral in vivo genome editing. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:1179-1187. [PMID: 29131148 PMCID: PMC5901668 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient genome editing with Cas9-sgRNA in vivo has required the use of viral delivery systems, which have limitations for clinical applications. Translational efforts to develop other RNA therapeutics have shown that judicious chemical modification of RNAs can improve therapeutic efficacy by reducing susceptibility to nuclease degradation. Guided by the structure of the Cas9-sgRNA complex, we identify regions of sgRNA that can be modified while maintaining or enhancing genome-editing activity, and we develop an optimal set of chemical modifications for in vivo applications. Using lipid nanoparticle formulations of these enhanced sgRNAs (e-sgRNA) and mRNA encoding Cas9, we show that a single intravenous injection into mice induces >80% editing of Pcsk9 in the liver. Serum Pcsk9 is reduced to undetectable levels, and cholesterol levels are significantly lowered about 35% to 40% in animals. This strategy may enable non-viral, Cas9-based genome editing in the liver in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sneha Suresh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiongqiong Wu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Walsh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luke Hyunsik Rhym
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esther Mintzer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehmet Fatih Bolukbasi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Kauffman
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia Oberholzer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junmei Ding
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suet-Yan Kwan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roman L Bogorad
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timofei Zatsepin
- Center of Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Koteliansky
- Center of Translational Biomedicine, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Scot A Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Mou H, Yu L, Zheng X, Liao Q, Hou X, Wu Y. p16 gene expression in pancreatic cancer tissue and its importance in diagnosis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:1043-1047. [PMID: 29254312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the importance of p16 gene expressions in pancreatic cancer tissue for early diagnosis and treatment. Two groups were included in the study: an experimental group of 35 pancreatic cancer tissue specimens and a control group of 35 pancreatic cancer adjacent tissues collected during surgery. The expression of p16 gene in the two groups was observed using the immunohistochemical streptavidin peroxidase conjugated (S-P) method. The results were statistically interpreted using SPSS22.0 software. The positive expression rate of p16 in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (p less than 0.05). Comparing the intensity of p16 gene expression, differentiation degree, clinical stage and metastases of nearby lymph nodes the differences had statistical significance (p less than 0.05). The intensity of p16 gene expression in high and medium differentiated pancreatic cancer group was higher than that of the low differentiated group. p16 gene expression in stages III and IV groups was lower than that in stages I and II groups. Differentiation degree, clinical stage, metastases of nearby lymph nodes and distant metastasss were negatively related with p16 gene expression (p less than 0.05). There was no correlation between age or gender and p16 gene expression. The decreased expression of p16 gene in pancreatic cancer tissue was negatively correlated with differentiation degree and clinical stage. Our results indicated that p16 can be used as a cue signal for diagnosing advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University International Hospital, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - L Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University International Hospital, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University International Hospital, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University International Hospital, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University International Hospital, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University International Hospital, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Dang H, Takai A, Forgues M, Pomyen Y, Mou H, Xue W, Ray D, Ha KCH, Morris QD, Hughes TR, Wang XW. Oncogenic Activation of the RNA Binding Protein NELFE and MYC Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:101-114.e8. [PMID: 28697339 PMCID: PMC5539779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Global transcriptomic imbalance is a ubiquitous feature associated with cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analyses of 1,225 clinical HCC samples revealed that a large numbers of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are dysregulated and that RBP dysregulation is associated with poor prognosis. We further identified that oncogenic activation of a top candidate RBP, negative elongation factor E (NELFE), via somatic copy-number alterations enhanced MYC signaling and promoted HCC progression. Interestingly, NELFE induces a unique tumor transcriptome by selectively regulating MYC-associated genes. Thus, our results revealed NELFE as an oncogenic protein that may contribute to transcriptome imbalance in HCC through the regulation of MYC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marshonna Forgues
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yotsowat Pomyen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Debashish Ray
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kevin C H Ha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Quaid D Morris
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Mou H, Moore J, Malonia S, Li Y, Ozata D, Hough S, Song C, Smith J, Yin H, Fisher A, Anderson D, Weng S, Green M, Xue W. Abstract 1028: Genetic disruption of Kras sensitizes lung cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic lesions that activate KRAS account for ~30% of the 1.6 million annual cases of lung cancer. Despite clinical need, KRAS is still undruggable using traditional small molecule drugs/inhibitors. When oncogenic Kras is suppressed by RNA interference, tumors initially regress but eventually recur and proliferate despite suppression of Kras. Here we show that tumor cells can survive CRISPR-mediated knockout of oncogenic Kras, indicating the existence of Kras-independent survival pathways. Thus even if clinical KRAS inhibitors were available, resistance would remain an obstacle to treatment. Kras-independent cancer cells exhibit decreased colony formation in vitro but retain the ability to form tumors in mice. Comparing the transcriptomes of oncogenic Kras cells and Kras knockout cells, we identified 603 genes that were specifically upregulated in Kras knockout cells, including the Fas gene, which encodes a cell surface death receptor involved in physiological regulation of apoptosis. Antibodies recognizing Fas-receptor efficiently induced apoptosis of Kras knockout cells but not oncogenic Kras expressing cells. Increased Fas expression in Kras knockout cells was attributed to decreased association of repressive epigenetic marks at the Fas promoter. Concordant with this observation, treating oncogenic Kras cells with histone-deacetylase inhibitor and Fas-activating antibody efficiently induced apoptosis, thus bypassing the need to inhibit Kras. Our results suggest that activation of Fas could be exploited as an Achilles’ heel in tumors initiated by oncogenic Kras.
Citation Format: Haiwei Mou, Jill Moore, Sunil Malonia, Yingxiang Li, Deniz Ozata, Soren Hough, Chunqing Song, Jordan Smith, Has Yin, Andrew Fisher, Daniel Anderson, Shipping Weng, Michael Green, Wen Xue. Genetic disruption of Kras sensitizes lung cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1028. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1028
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Mou
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jill Moore
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Sunil Malonia
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Yingxiang Li
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Deniz Ozata
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Soren Hough
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Chunqing Song
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jordan Smith
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Has Yin
- 2David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Worcester, MA
| | - Andrew Fisher
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Daniel Anderson
- 2David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Worcester, MA
| | - Shipping Weng
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Michael Green
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Wen Xue
- 1Univ. of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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23
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Mou H, Smith JL, Peng L, Yin H, Moore J, Zhang XO, Song CQ, Sheel A, Wu Q, Ozata DM, Li Y, Anderson DG, Emerson CP, Sontheimer EJ, Moore MJ, Weng Z, Xue W. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing induces exon skipping by alternative splicing or exon deletion. Genome Biol 2017; 18:108. [PMID: 28615073 PMCID: PMC5470253 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is widely used to disrupt gene function by inducing small insertions and deletions. Here, we show that some single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) can induce exon skipping or large genomic deletions that delete exons. For example, CRISPR-mediated editing of β-catenin exon 3, which encodes an autoinhibitory domain, induces partial skipping of the in-frame exon and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. A single sgRNA can induce small insertions or deletions that partially alter splicing or unexpected larger deletions that remove exons. Exon skipping adds to the unexpected outcomes that must be accounted for, and perhaps taken advantage of, in CRISPR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jordan L Smith
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lingtao Peng
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Hao Yin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jill Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ankur Sheel
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Qiongqiong Wu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Deniz M Ozata
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles P Emerson
- Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Program, Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Erik J Sontheimer
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Melissa J Moore
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Zhiping Weng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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24
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Song CQ, Li Y, Mou H, Moore J, Park A, Pomyen Y, Hough S, Kennedy Z, Fischer A, Yin H, Anderson DG, Conte D, Zender L, Wang XW, Thorgeirsson S, Weng Z, Xue W. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Regulators of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase as Suppressors of Liver Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1161-1173.e1. [PMID: 27956228 PMCID: PMC6204228 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has been a challenge to identify liver tumor suppressors or oncogenes due to the genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. We performed a genome-wide screen to identify suppressors of liver tumor formation in mice, using CRISPR-mediated genome editing. METHODS We performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout screen of P53-null mouse embryonic liver progenitor cells that overexpressed MYC. We infected p53-/-;Myc;Cas9 hepatocytes with the mGeCKOa lentiviral library of 67,000 single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs), targeting 20,611 mouse genes, and transplanted the transduced cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Within 1 month, all the mice that received the sgRNA library developed subcutaneous tumors. We performed high-throughput sequencing of tumor DNA and identified sgRNAs increased at least 8-fold compared to the initial cell pool. To validate the top 10 candidate tumor suppressors from this screen, we collected data from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the Cancer Genome Atlas and COSMIC databases. We used CRISPR to inactivate candidate tumor suppressor genes in p53-/-;Myc;Cas9 cells and transplanted them subcutaneously into nude mice; tumor formation was monitored and tumors were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Mice with liver-specific disruption of p53 were given hydrodynamic tail-vein injections of plasmids encoding Myc and sgRNA/Cas9 designed to disrupt candidate tumor suppressors; growth of tumors and metastases was monitored. We compared gene expression profiles of liver cells with vs without tumor suppressor gene disrupted by sgRNA/Cas9. Genes found to be up-regulated after tumor suppressor loss were examined in liver cancer cell lines; their expression was knocked down using small hairpin RNAs, and tumor growth was examined in nude mice. Effects of the MEK inhibitors AZD6244, U0126, and trametinib, or the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib, were examined in human and mouse HCC cell lines. RESULTS We identified 4 candidate liver tumor suppressor genes not previously associated with liver cancer (Nf1, Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1). CRISPR-mediated knockout of Nf1, a negative regulator of RAS, accelerated liver tumor formation in mice. Loss of Nf1 or activation of RAS up-regulated the liver progenitor cell markers HMGA2 and SOX9. RAS pathway inhibitors suppressed the activation of the Hmga2 and Sox9 genes that resulted from loss of Nf1 or oncogenic activation of RAS. Knockdown of HMGA2 delayed formation of xenograft tumors from cells that expressed oncogenic RAS. In human HCCs, low levels of NF1 messenger RNA or high levels of HMGA2 messenger RNA were associated with shorter patient survival time. Liver cancer cells with inactivation of Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1 formed more tumors in mice and had increased levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Using a CRISPR-based strategy, we identified Nf1, Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1 as suppressors of liver tumor formation. We validated the observation that RAS signaling, via mitogen-activated protein kinase, contributes to formation of liver tumors in mice. We associated decreased levels of NF1 and increased levels of its downstream protein HMGA2 with survival times of patients with HCC. Strategies to inhibit or reduce HMGA2 might be developed to treat patients with liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- HMGA Proteins/genetics
- HMGA2 Protein/genetics
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/pharmacology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Pyrimidinones/pharmacology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sorafenib
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jill Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Park
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yotsawat Pomyen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Soren Hough
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary Kennedy
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Fischer
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hao Yin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Darryl Conte
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Department of Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Snorri Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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25
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Wang D, Mou H, Tran K, Li J, Wang BY, Gessler DJ, Tai PWL, Su Q, Xue W, Gao G. 733. Somatically Repairing Compound Heterozygous Recessive Mutations by Chromosomal Cut-and-Paste for In Vivo Gene Therapy. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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26
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Wang D, Mou H, Li S, Li Y, Hough S, Tran K, Li J, Yin H, Anderson DG, Sontheimer EJ, Weng Z, Gao G, Xue W. Adenovirus-Mediated Somatic Genome Editing of Pten by CRISPR/Cas9 in Mouse Liver in Spite of Cas9-Specific Immune Responses. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 26:432-42. [PMID: 26086867 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 derived from the bacterial adaptive immunity pathway is a powerful tool for genome editing, but the safety profiles of in vivo delivered Cas9 (including host immune responses to the bacterial Cas9 protein) have not been comprehensively investigated in model organisms. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a prevalent human liver disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. In this study, we used adenovirus (Ad) vector to deliver a Streptococcus pyogenes-derived Cas9 system (SpCas9) targeting Pten, a gene involved in NASH and a negative regulator of the PI3K-AKT pathway, in mouse liver. We found that the Ad vector mediated efficient Pten gene editing even in the presence of typical Ad vector-associated immunotoxicity in the liver. Four months after vector infusion, mice receiving the Pten gene-editing Ad vector showed massive hepatomegaly and features of NASH, consistent with the phenotypes following Cre-loxP-induced Pten deficiency in mouse liver. We also detected induction of humoral immunity against SpCas9 and the potential presence of an SpCas9-specific cellular immune response. Our findings provide a strategy to model human liver diseases in mice and highlight the importance considering Cas9-specific immune responses in future translational studies involving in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- 1 Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Haiwei Mou
- 2 RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Shaoyong Li
- 1 Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yingxiang Li
- 3 Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Soren Hough
- 2 RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Tran
- 1 Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jia Li
- 1 Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hao Yin
- 4 David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- 4 David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,5 Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,6 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,7 Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Erik J Sontheimer
- 2 RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Zhiping Weng
- 8 Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Guangping Gao
- 1 Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Wen Xue
- 2 RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
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27
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Abstract
The cancer genome is highly complex, with hundreds of point mutations, translocations, and chromosome gains and losses per tumor. To understand the effects of these alterations, precise models are needed. Traditional approaches to the construction of mouse models are time-consuming and laborious, requiring manipulation of embryonic stem cells and multiple steps. The recent development of the clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, a powerful genome-editing tool for efficient and precise genome engineering in cultured mammalian cells and animals, is transforming mouse-model generation. Here, we review how CRISPR-Cas9 has been used to create germline and somatic mouse models with point mutations, deletions and complex chromosomal rearrangements. We highlight the progress and challenges of such approaches, and how these models can be used to understand the evolution and progression of individual tumors and identify new strategies for cancer treatment. The generation of precision cancer mouse models through genome editing will provide a rapid avenue for functional cancer genomics and pave the way for precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Zachary Kennedy
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ; Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Hao Yin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
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28
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Li Y, Park AI, Mou H, Colpan C, Bizhanova A, Akama-Garren E, Joshi N, Hendrickson EA, Feldser D, Yin H, Anderson DG, Jacks T, Weng Z, Xue W. A versatile reporter system for CRISPR-mediated chromosomal rearrangements. Genome Biol 2015; 16:111. [PMID: 26018130 PMCID: PMC4465146 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chromosomal deletions and inversions are important in cancer, conventional methods for detecting DNA rearrangements require laborious indirect assays. Here we develop fluorescent reporters to rapidly quantify CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions and inversions. We find that inversion depends on the non-homologous end-joining enzyme LIG4. We also engineer deletions and inversions for a 50 kb Pten genomic region in mouse liver. We discover diverse yet sequence-specific indels at the rearrangement fusion sites. Moreover, we detect Cas9 cleavage at the fourth nucleotide on the non-complementary strand, leading to staggered instead of blunt DNA breaks. These reporters allow mechanisms of chromosomal rearrangements to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Angela I Park
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Cansu Colpan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Aizhan Bizhanova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Elliot Akama-Garren
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Nik Joshi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Eric A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - David Feldser
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Hao Yin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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29
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Hangen E, Féraud O, Lachkar S, Mou H, Doti N, Fimia GM, Lam NV, Zhu C, Godin I, Muller K, Chatzi A, Nuebel E, Ciccosanti F, Flamant S, Bénit P, Perfettini JL, Sauvat A, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Ser-Le Roux K, Gonin P, Tokatlidis K, Rustin P, Piacentini M, Ruvo M, Blomgren K, Kroemer G, Modjtahedi N. Interaction between AIF and CHCHD4 Regulates Respiratory Chain Biogenesis. Mol Cell 2015; 58:1001-14. [PMID: 26004228 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein that, beyond its apoptotic function, is required for the normal expression of major respiratory chain complexes. Here we identified an AIF-interacting protein, CHCHD4, which is the central component of a redox-sensitive mitochondrial intermembrane space import machinery. Depletion or hypomorphic mutation of AIF caused a downregulation of CHCHD4 protein by diminishing its mitochondrial import. CHCHD4 depletion sufficed to induce a respiratory defect that mimicked that observed in AIF-deficient cells. CHCHD4 levels could be restored in AIF-deficient cells by enforcing its AIF-independent mitochondrial localization. This modified CHCHD4 protein reestablished respiratory function in AIF-deficient cells and enabled AIF-deficient embryoid bodies to undergo cavitation, a process of programmed cell death required for embryonic morphogenesis. These findings explain how AIF contributes to the biogenesis of respiratory chain complexes, and they establish an unexpected link between the vital function of AIF and the propensity of cells to undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hangen
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Féraud
- Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM U935, 94805 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Stem Cell Core Facility, Institut André Lwoff, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvie Lachkar
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Haiwei Mou
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Ngoc-Vy Lam
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Godin
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM U1009, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Kevin Muller
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Afroditi Chatzi
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion Crete 70013, Greece
| | - Esther Nuebel
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion Crete 70013, Greece
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Stéphane Flamant
- Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM U935, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Paule Bénit
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Université Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Cell Death and Aging Team, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1030, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM U935, 94805 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Stem Cell Core Facility, Institut André Lwoff, 94800 Villejuif, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse AP-HP, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Karine Ser-Le Roux
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Animal and Veterinary Resources, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Gonin
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Animal and Veterinary Resources, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion Crete 70013, Greece
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Université Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," 00149 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Nazanine Modjtahedi
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, 75006 Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France.
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30
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Reusken C, Mou H, Godeke GJ, van der Hoek L, Meyer B, Müller MA, Haagmans B, de Sousa R, Schuurman N, Dittmer U, Rottier P, Osterhaus A, Drosten C, Bosch BJ, Koopmans M. Specific serology for emerging human coronaviruses by protein microarray. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:20441. [PMID: 23594517 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.14.20441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a serological assay for the specific detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against the emerging human coronavirus hCoV-EMC and the SARS-CoV based on protein microarray technology. The assay uses the S1 receptor-binding subunit of the spike protein of hCoV-EMC and SARS-CoV as antigens. The assay has been validated extensively using putative cross-reacting sera of patient cohorts exposed to the four common hCoVs and sera from convalescent patients infected with hCoV-EMC or SARS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Division Virology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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31
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Mou H, Li Z, Yao P, Zhuo S, Luan W, Deng B, Qian L, Yang M, Mei H, Le Y. Knockdown of FAM3B triggers cell apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:684-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li Z, Mou H, Wang T, Xue J, Deng B, Qian L, Zhou Y, Gong W, Wang JM, Wu G, Zhou CF, Fang J, Le Y. A non-secretory form of FAM3B promotes invasion and metastasis of human colon cancer cells by upregulating Slug expression. Cancer Lett 2012; 328:278-84. [PMID: 23059759 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
FAM3B mRNA has been predicted to have multiple splicing forms. Its secretory form PANDER is decreased in gastric cancers with high invasiveness and metastasis. Here we found that its non-secretory form FAM3B-258 was highly expressed in most colon cancer cell lines and colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues but not hepatocellular carcinoma, lung carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Elevation of FAM3B-258 was associated with poor cancer cell differentiation. Stable overexpression of FAM3B-258 in colon cancer cells downregulated adhesion proteins, upregulated Slug and Cdc42, promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in nude mice. Slug mediated FAM3B-258-induced downregulation of adhesion molecules, upregulation of Cdc42, and invasion of colon cancer cells. The expression of FAM3B-258 in human colorectal adenocarcinomas was positively correlated with Slug. These results suggest that FAM3B-258 promotes colon cancer cell invasion and metastasis through upregulation of Slug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Hou X, Sun L, Li Z, Mou H, Yu Z, Li H, Jiang P, Yu D, Wu H, Ye X, Lin X, Le Y. Associations of amylin with inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy Chinese. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24815. [PMID: 21935471 PMCID: PMC3174205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular and animal studies implicate multiple roles of amylin in regulating insulin action, glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, the role of amylin in obesity related metabolic disorders has not been thoroughly investigated in humans. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of circulating amylin and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and explore if this association is influenced by obesity, inflammatory markers or insulin resistance in apparently healthy Chinese. Methods A population-based sample of 1,011 Chinese men and women aged 35–54 years was employed to measure plasma amylin, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]), insulin, glucose and lipid profiles. MetS was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans. Results Plasma amylin concentrations were higher in overweight/obese participants than normal-weight counterparts (P<0.001) without sex difference. Circulating amylin was positively associated with CRP, IL-6, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, amylin/insulin ratio, HOMA-IR, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, while negatively associated with HDL cholesterol (all P<0.001). After multiple adjustments, the risk of MetS was significantly higher (odds ratio 3.71; 95% confidence interval: 2.53 to 5.46) comparing the highest with the lowest amylin quartile. The association remained significant even further controlling for BMI, inflammatory markers, insulin or HOMA-IR. Conclusions Our study suggests that amylin is strongly associated with inflammatory markers and MetS. The amylin-MetS association is independent of established risk factors of MetS, including obesity, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. The causal role of hyperamylinemia in the development of MetS needs to be confirmed prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiwei Mou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhen Jiang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Danxia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (XL)
| | - Yingying Le
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (XL)
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Hou X, Wang O, Li Z, Mou H, Chen J, Deng B, Qian L, Liu X, Le Y. Upregulation of pancreatic derived factor (FAM3B) expression in pancreatic β-cells by MCP-1 (CCL2). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 343:18-24. [PMID: 21664946 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic derived factor (PANDER, FAM3B) is a peptide mainly synthesized and secreted by pancreatic β-cells. PANDER is proposed to be involved in regulation of β-cell function under physiological conditions and impairment of β-cell function under pathological conditions. MCP-1 (CCL2) is expressed by normal pancreatic islets and has been implicated in inflammation related pancreatic disorders. We examined the effect of MCP-1 on PANDER expression by using murine pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 and pancreatic islets. We found that MCP-1 induced PANDER mRNA transcription and protein synthesis in MIN6 cells and islets. By using calcium chelator (EGTA); inhibitors for PKC (Go6976), MEK1/2 (PD98059) or c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) (SP600125); c-Jun dominant-negative construct; PANDER promoter luciferase constructs; and islets isolated from Fos knockout mice; we demonstrated that MCP-1 induced PANDER gene expression in β-cells through Ca(2+)-ERK1/2-AP-1 and PKC-JNK-AP-1 signaling pathways. Our findings suggest a new link between the endocrine and immune systems and provide useful information for further investigating the physiological functions of PANDER and its involvement in inflammation-related pancreatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Yao X, Ping Y, Jiang T, Liu Q, Xu S, Huang J, Mou H, Gong W, Chen K, Bian X, Wang JM, Ming Wang J. Annexin 1 released by necrotic human glioblastoma cells stimulates tumor cell growth through the formyl peptide receptor 1. Am J Pathol 2011; 179:1504-12. [PMID: 21782780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly malignant human gliomas overexpress the G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor formyl peptide receptor (FPR1), which promotes tumor progression when activated. Our previous studies demonstrated that necrotic glioblastoma cells release chemotactic agonist(s) that activate FPR1 on viable tumor cells. In the present study, we identified an FPR1 agonist released by necrotic human glioblastoma cells. Necrotic tumor cell supernatant (NecSup) contained Annexin 1 (Anx A1), a chemotatic polypeptide agonist for FPR1. Immunoabsorption of Anx A1 with a specific antibody markedly reduced the chemotactic activity of NecSup for tumor cells and diminished its capacity to promote tumor cell growth, invasion, and colony formation on soft agar. In addition, Anx A1 was present in tumor xenografts formed by human glioblastoma cells in nude mice. Anx A1 knockdown significantly reduced the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells in nude mice, but FPR1/Anx A1 double knockdown diminished tumor growth even further. The clinical relevance of Anx A1 in gliomas was supported by the observation that Anx A1 was more highly expressed in poorly differentiated human primary gliomas compared with lower grade tumors. Our study implicates Anx A1 as a major component in necrotic tumor cell-derived stimulants of the growth of glioblastoma via the activation of FPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland; College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Lu X, Ma L, Ruan L, Kong Y, Mou H, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wang JM, Le Y. Resveratrol differentially modulates inflammatory responses of microglia and astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:46. [PMID: 20712904 PMCID: PMC2936301 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses in the CNS mediated by activated glial cells play an important role in host-defense but are also involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that has cardioprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the capacity of resveratrol to protect microglia and astrocyte from inflammatory insults and explored mechanisms underlying different inhibitory effects of resveratrol on microglia and astrocytes. METHODS A murine microglia cell line (N9), primary microglia, or astrocytes were stimulated by LPS with or without different concentrations of resveratrol. The expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, MCP-1) and iNOS/NO by the cells were measured by PCR/real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The phosphorylation of the MAP kinase superfamily was analyzed by western blotting, and activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 was measured by luciferase reporter assay and/or electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS We found that LPS stimulated the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, MCP-1 and iNOS in murine microglia and astrocytes in which MAP kinases, NF-kappaB and AP-1 were differentially involved. Resveratrol inhibited LPS-induced expression and release of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, and iNOS/NO in both cell types with more potency in microglia, and inhibited LPS-induced expression of IL-1beta in microglia but not astrocytes. Resveratrol had no effect on LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 in microglia and astrocytes, but slightly inhibited LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK in astrocytes. Resveratrol inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in both cell types, but inhibited AP-1 activation only in microglia. CONCLUSION These results suggest that murine microglia and astrocytes produce proinflammatory cytokines and NO in response to LPS in a similar pattern with some differences in signaling molecules involved, and further suggest that resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory effects in microglia and astrocytes by inhibiting different proinflammatory cytokines and key signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Lu
- Key laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Le Y, Wang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Hou X, Ruan L, Mou H. Biologically Active Peptides Interacting with the G Protein-Coupled Formylpeptide Receptors. Protein Pept Lett 2007; 14:846-53. [DOI: 10.2174/092986607782110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee Y, Miron A, Drapkin R, Nucci MR, Medeiros F, Saleemuddin A, Garber J, Birch C, Mou H, Gordon RW, Cramer DW, McKeon FD, Crum CP. A candidate precursor to serous carcinoma that originates in the distal fallopian tube. J Pathol 2007; 211:26-35. [PMID: 17117391 DOI: 10.1002/path.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tubal fimbria is a common site of origin for early (tubal intraepithelial carcinoma or TIC) serous carcinomas in women with familial BRCA1 or 2 mutations (BRCA+). Somatic p53 tumour suppressor gene mutations in these tumours suggest a pathogenesis involving DNA damage, p53 mutation, and progressive loss of cell cycle control. We recently identified foci of strong p53 immunostaining-termed 'p53 signatures'-in benign tubal mucosa from BRCA+ women. To examine the relationship between p53 signatures and TIC, we compared location (fimbria vs ampulla), cell type (ciliated vs secretory), evidence of DNA damage, and p53 mutation status between the two entities. p53 signatures were equally common in non-neoplastic tubes from BRCA+ women and controls, but more frequently present (53%) and multifocal (67%) in fallopian tubes also containing TIC. Like prior studies of TIC, p53 signatures predominated in the fimbriae (80-100%) and targeted secretory cells (HMFG2 + /p73-), with evidence of DNA damage by co-localization of gamma-H2AX. Laser-capture microdissected and polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA revealed reproducible p53 mutations in eight of 14 fully-analysed p53 signatures and all of the 12 TICs; TICs and their associated ovarian carcinomas shared identical mutations. In one case, a contiguous p53 signature and TIC shared the same mutation. Morphological intermediates between the two, with p53 mutations and moderate proliferative activity, were also seen. This is the first report of an early and distinct alteration in non-neoplastic upper genital tract mucosa that fulfils many requirements for a precursor to pelvic serous cancer. The p53 signature and its malignant counterpart (TIC) underline the significance of the fimbria, both as a candidate site for serous carcinogenesis and as a target for future research on the early detection and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lee Y, Miron A, Drapkin R, Nucci MR, Medeiros F, Saleemuddin A, Garber J, Birch C, Mou H, Gordon RW, Cramer DW, McKeon FD, Crum CP. A candidate precursor to serous carcinoma that originates in the distal fallopian tube (J Pathol 2007; 211: 26–35). J Pathol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mou H, Cote RH. The Catalytic and GAF Domains of the Rod cGMP Phosphodiesterase (PDE6) Heterodimer Are Regulated by Distinct Regions of Its Inhibitory γ Subunit. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:27527-34. [PMID: 11375400 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103316200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The central effector of visual transduction in retinal rod photoreceptors, cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE6), is a catalytic heterodimer (alphabeta) to which low molecular weight inhibitory gamma subunits bind to form the nonactivated PDE holoenzyme (alphabetagamma(2)). Although it is known that gamma binds tightly to alphabeta, the binding affinity for each gamma subunit to alphabeta, the domains on gamma that interact with alphabeta, and the allosteric interactions between gamma and the regulatory and catalytic regions on alphabeta are not well understood. We show here that the gamma subunit binds to two distinct sites on the catalytic alphabeta dimer (K(D)(1) < 1 pm, K(D)(2) = 3 pm) when the regulatory GAF domains of bovine rod PDE6 are occupied by cGMP. Binding heterogeneity of gamma to alphabeta is absent when cAMP occupies the noncatalytic sites. Two major domains on gamma can interact independently with alphabeta with the N-terminal half of gamma binding with 50-fold greater affinity than its C-terminal, inhibitory region. The N-terminal half of gamma is responsible for the positive cooperativity between gamma and cGMP binding sites on alphabeta but has no effect on catalytic activity. Using synthetic peptides, we identified regions of the amino acid sequence of gamma that bind to alphabeta, restore high affinity cGMP binding to low affinity noncatalytic sites, and retard cGMP exchange with both noncatalytic sites. Subunit heterogeneity, multiple sites of gamma interaction with alphabeta, and positive cooperativity of gamma with the GAF domains are all likely to contribute to precisely controlling the activation and inactivation kinetics of PDE6 during visual transduction in rod photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-2617, USA
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Mou H, Grazio HJ, Cook TA, Beavo JA, Cote RH. cGMP binding to noncatalytic sites on mammalian rod photoreceptor phosphodiesterase is regulated by binding of its gamma and delta subunits. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:18813-20. [PMID: 10373499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.26.18813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of cGMP to the noncatalytic sites on two isoforms of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) from mammalian rod outer segments has been characterized to evaluate their role in regulating PDE during phototransduction. Nonactivated, membrane-associated PDE (PDE-M, alpha beta gamma2) has one exchangeable site for cGMP binding; endogenous cGMP remains nonexchangeable at the second site. Non-activated, soluble PDE (PDE-S, alpha beta gamma2 delta) can release and bind cGMP at both noncatalytic sites; the delta subunit is likely responsible for this difference in cGMP exchange rates. Removal of the delta and/or gamma subunits yields a catalytic alphabeta dimer with identical catalytic and binding properties for both PDE-M and PDE-S as follows: high affinity cGMP binding is abolished at one site (KD >1 microM); cGMP binding affinity at the second site (KD approximately 60 nM) is reduced 3-4-fold compared with the nonactivated enzyme; the kinetics of cGMP exchange to activated PDE-M and PDE-S are accelerated to similar extents. The properties of nonactivated PDE can be restored upon addition of gamma subunit. Occupancy of the noncatalytic sites by cGMP may modulate the interaction of the gamma subunit with the alphabeta dimer and thereby regulate cytoplasmic cGMP concentration and the lifetime of activated PDE during visual transduction in photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
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Chen X, Zheng S, Gao Y, Dai H, Mou H, Yang H. Growth regulation of ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910 by transforming growth factor beta 1 in vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) 1998; 111:546-50. [PMID: 11245077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further understand the role of growth regulation of human ovarian cancer cells by transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1. METHODS The cell proliferation, cAMP synthesis, gene expression, and induction of programmed cell death (PCD) in human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910 cells exposed to TGF beta 1 in vitro were studied. RESULTS TGF beta 1 inhibited cell growth and DNA synthesis, and induced G0/G1 arrest in cell cycle. It could also trigger PCD in cells. This induction of PCD may occur within G0/G1 phase. Meanwhile, the assay also showed that TGF beta 1 could inhibit the mRNA expression of c-myc, EGFR and TGF beta 1 genes in cells. CONCLUSIONS TGF beta 1 can not only act as an autocrine to inhibit cell proliferation, but also trigger PCD in HO-8910 cells. These functions may be fulfilled through some specific signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Xu S, Qian L, Mou H. [A study on the anti-metastatic effects of CD3Ak cells in nude mice]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1998; 27:46-9. [PMID: 11244943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether cancer draining lymph node lymphocytes activated by CD3 McAB in vitro have anti-tumor effects in vivo. METHODS Nude mice with highly metastatic human ovarian cancer were treated with CD3 McAB activated killer cells (CD3AK) from human ovarian cancer draining lymph node lymphocytes. 31 experimental nude mice were divided into 4 groups; the cisplatin group (7 mice), the CD3AK cells group (7 mice), the combined treatment group (7 mice), and control group (10 mice). Treatment began on the 10th day after tumor transplantation for a total of 80 days. RESULTS The transplanted tumors disappeared in 1 mouse of CD3AK group, significant difference in the anti-metastatic effect was found between the CD3AK group (2/7 mice with metastasis) and the control group (8/10 mice with metastasis). Significant difference in average tumor volume was found between the CD3AK group (0.5788 +/- 0.2549) and the control group (1.5685 +/- 0.283). The tumor growth inhibition rate reached 63.1% in the CD3AK group. Significant difference in the serum level of progesterone was found between the CD3AK group (3.3843 +/- 0.5314) and the control group (6.3480 +/- 0.7615). Significant difference in the histiocyte increase in the lymph node sinuses was found between the CD3AK group (59/69) and the control group (55/94). CONCLUSION These results suggest that CD3AK cells appear to be effective in tumor growth inhibition, anti-metastasis and enhancing host immunologic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022
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Chen X, Mou H, Dai H. [Induction of apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910 by transforming growth factor beta 1]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 1997; 32:436-9. [PMID: 9639734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of inhibitory effects of Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on human ovarian cancer cell in vitro. METHODS The possibility of induction of apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910 cells after treatment with TGF-beta 1 was studied by using methods of DNA electrophoresis, P1-staining, TdT-mediated dUTP-x nick end labeling and flow cytometer assay (FCM); and the kinetic change of expression of c-myc was also studied by relative quantified RT-PCR. RESULTS DNA-strand nicks were present in cells after treatment with TGF-beta 1 at the final concentration of 20 ng/ml for 36 hours. The percent of labeled cells reached 75.55% on the time of 48 hours, PI staining-FCM assay also showed subdiploid peak of apoptotic cells at the same time. The typical apoptotic DNA ladder was present in genomic DNA preparation after treatment with TGF-beta 1 for 60 hours, meanwhile, the expression of c-myc in cells started to decrease beginning at treatment for 9 hours. CONCLUSIONS TGF-beta 1 can induce apoptosis in HO-8910; such an inductive effect may occur mainly in G0/G1 phase. The effects of TGF-beta 1 on the inhibited expression of c-myc and on the enhancement of cAMP concentration may also play important roles in the process of apoptotic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou
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Schuerman PL, Liu JS, Mou H, Dandekar AM. 3-Ketoglycoside-mediated metabolism of sucrose in E. coli as conferred by genes from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1997; 47:560-5. [PMID: 9210346 DOI: 10.1007/s002530050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains that did not have the ability to use sucrose as a sole carbon source gained this ability after receiving a cloned fragment of DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. No invertase was detected in the sucrose-metabolizing E. coli, but evidence for the activity of certain enzymes, known to be produced by biotype 1 strains of Agrobacterium, were found. Evidence was found for the presence of D-glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (G3DH) and alpha-3-ketoglucosidase. The activity of enzyme extracts on 3-ketosucrose also indicated that 3-ketoglucose reductase, or some enzyme that acts on 3-ketoglucose, was present in the Suc+ E. coli as well. The fragment was found to complement a G3DH mutant of A. tumefaciens and was also found to confer chemotaxis towards sucrose in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Schuerman
- Department of Pomology, University of California at Davis 95616, USA
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Xu S, Mou H, Quian L. [Establishment and characterization of a model of highly metastatic human ovarian cancer transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1996; 25:33-5. [PMID: 8762439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A model of highly metastatic human ovarian cancer transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice was established (NMSO). Although the NMSO transplanted tumors were passaged 23 times, they retained their highly metastatic behavior. A total of 57 adult Balc/c nude mice (8-14 weeks old) were inoculated (SC) with tumor, the transplantations were 100% successful and the average survival period was 159.9 days. 47 mice were dissected and 42 mice were found to have metastatic tumors. The earliest appearance of metastasis was 56 dys. 18 male nude mice all had metastasis. Histology and ultrastructure showed that the metastatic tumors retained their malignant features and secreting function of the original poorly differentiated human ovarian serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma. FCM analysis gave a 1.4 DNA index and the chromosome mode number was 54 (hyper-diploid), exhibiting the features of human carcinoma. The detection of correlative label material showed that most cancer cells were ER and PR positive. The use of NMSO model may lead to better understanding of the mechanism of metastasis and help search for anti-metastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou
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