Coffee and wine consumption is associated with reduced mortality from alcoholic liver disease: follow-up of 219,279 Norwegian men and women aged 30–67 years

Interactive Effects of Copper and Functional Substances in Wine on Alcoholic Hepatic Injury in Mice

This study analyzed the interaction between copper and functional substances in wine under different drinking amounts on alcoholic liver injury in mice. When the daily drinking amount reached 500 mL/60 kg/day (14% abv) with just ethyl alcohol, the liver aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total triglyceride levels of mice were significantly increased to 130.71 U/L, 37.45 U/L, 2.55 U/L, the total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione level decreased significantly to 1.01 U/mL, 30.20 U/mgprot, and 2.10 U/mgprot, and the liver became gradually damaged. Wine could alleviate and reduce the damage caused by ethyl alcohol well. Low concentrations of copper (0.33, 0.66 mg/L) in wine hardly caused hepatic injury in mice and only significantly improved the aspartate aminotransferase values (109.21 U/L, 127.29 U/L) of serum. Combined with the staining evidence, in the case of medium and high intragastric doses (≥500 mL/60 kg/day), 0.99 mg/L copper (the maximum allowed by China’s national standards) in wine began to damage the liver, indicating that under this concentration, the damage of copper to the liver had begun to exceed the protective effect of wine’s functional substances on alcoholic hepatic injury. At all experimental doses, high concentrations (1.33 mg/L, 2.00 mg/L) of copper significantly aggravated alcoholic hepatic injury in mice, indicating that high concentrations of copper have a great toxicological risk. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen the control of copper content in wine and the inspection of market wines in order to protect the health of consumers.

Associations between alcohol and liver enzymes are modified by coffee, cigarettes, and overweight in a Swedish female population

PURPOSE

To examine whether positive associations between alcohol and liver enzymes were modified by coffee consumption, smoking, or weight status in a female population.

METHODS

Regular consumption of beer, wine, and spirits was assessed in a representative cohort of 1462 Swedish women aged 38-60 in 1968, and re-assessed in 1974. In 1980, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartase transaminase (AST) were measured in 1130 women. Exposures were averaged over values obtained in 1968 and 1974. Multivariable linear regression linked total ethanol intake to log-transformed enzyme values, including interactions by coffee, smoking, and overweight in mutually adjusted models.

RESULTS

Coffee consumption significantly modified the association between ethanol intake and liver enzymes. One g/day higher ethanol intake was associated with 5.5 (3.5, 7.5)% higher values of GGT, and 1.2 (0.4, 2.1)% higher values of AST in women consuming 0-1 cups of coffee per day, while smaller or no effects were observed in women consuming ≥2 cups/day. Synergistic interactions were observed for ethanol and smoking, and for ethanol and overweight. Average alcohol-related effects on GGT in smokers and non-smokers were given by 3.8 (2.7, 4.9)% and 2.1 (0.9, 3.2)% per g ethanol/day, and by 0.9 (0.4, 1.4)% and 0.2 (-0.3, 0.7)% for AST. Similarly, in overweight women, 1 g/day higher ethanol intake was associated with 4.3 (3.0, 5.6)% higher GGT compared to 1.6 (0.7, 2.5)% in non-overweight women.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that coffee consumption reduces the enzyme-raising effect of ethanol in the presence of synergistic interactions with smoking and overweight, specifically in women.

Estimates of the global reduction in liver disease-related mortality with increased coffee consumption: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Dataset

BACKGROUND

Epidemiological data suggest that coffee has a dose-dependent protective effect on liver-related mortality.

AIM

To estimate the potential impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on global liver-related mortality.

METHODS

Using the Global Burden of Disease 2016 dataset (adults > 15 years), we modelled the impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on liver-related mortality in 2016 for 194 countries using published risk ratios for >2 cups coffee/ day (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.69) and ≥4 cups/ day (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17-0.50), adjusted for confounders and tested model assumptions using sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS

Worldwide, there were an estimated 1,240,201 (95% CI 118 4300-1 354 410) adult liver-related deaths in 2016. Median global liver mortality rate in 2016 was 15 deaths/ 100 000 population/ year (all ages, both genders; IQR 11-21 deaths per 100 000). If all countries with per capita coffee intake ≤2 cups/ day increased to >2 cups/ day, the predicted total number of liver-related deaths would have been 630 947 in 2016 (95% CI 629 693-631 861) with 452 861 (95% CI 451 948-454 116) deaths averted (PPR 7.8 liver-related deaths/ 100 000/ year). If per capita consumption was ≥ 4 cups/ day, the predicted number of liver-related deaths in 2016 would have been 360 523 (95% CI 359 825-361 992) with 723 287 (95% CI 721 817-723 984) deaths averted (PPR 12.1 liver-related deaths/100 000/year).

CONCLUSION

Increasing per capita coffee consumption to > 2 cups per day on a population level has the potential to avert hundreds of thousands of liver-related deaths annually if the impact of coffee on liver-related mortality is confirmed in clinical trials.

Recent advances in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD): summary of a Gut round table meeting

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), which includes a range of disorders of different severity and is one of the most prevalent types of liver disease worldwide, has recently regained increased attention. Among other reasons, the realisation that any alcohol intake, regardless of type of beverage represents a health risk, and the new therapeutic strategies tested in recently published or undergoing clinical trials spur scientific interest in this area.In April 2019, Gut convened a round table panel of experts during the European Association for the Study of the Liver International Liver Congress in Vienna to discuss critical and up-to-date issues and clinical trial data regarding ALD, its epidemiology, diagnosis, management, pathomechanisms, possible future treatments and prevention. This paper summarises the discussion and its conclusions.

Inter-Individual Variation in Cancer and Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Response to Coffee Consumption: A Critical Review

SCOPE

Coffee is associated with a lower risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes at the population level. However, individual susceptibility to the effects of coffee consumption will cause heterogeneity in health responses between individuals. In this critical review determinants of inter-individual variability in cancer and cardiometabolic health outcomes in response to coffee and caffeine consumption are systematically evaluated.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Embase and MEDLINE are searched for observational studies and clinical trials that examined variation in the response to coffee consumption. A total of 74 studies meet the inclusion criteria, which report variation in cancer (n = 24) and cardiometabolic health (n = 50) outcomes. The qualitative analysis shows that sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, menopausal status, and genetic polymorphisms are probable or possible determinants of inter-individual variability in cancer and cardiometabolic health outcomes in response to coffee and caffeine consumption, albeit the majority of studies have insufficient statistical power to detect significant interaction between these factors and coffee consumption.

CONCLUSION

Several genetic and non-genetic determinants of inter-individual variability in the responses to coffee and caffeine consumption are identified, indicating that some of the health benefits of coffee may only occur in a subgroup of subjects.