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Lanni S, Stone M, Berger AF, Wilson RLH, Wilens TE, Philpotts LL, Burke CW. Design, Recruitment, and Implementation of Research Interventions Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:722-742. [PMID: 38332393 PMCID: PMC11017793 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Transitional age youth experiencing homelessness (TAY-EH) represent an underserved and understudied population. While an increasing number of empirical interventions have sought to address the high burden of psychopathology in this population, findings remain mixed regarding intervention effectiveness. In this systematic review of behavioral health interventions for TAY-EH, we sought to examine the structural framework in which these interventions take place and how these structures include or exclude certain populations of youth. We also examined implementation practices to identify how interventions involving youth and community stakeholders effectively engage these populations. Based on PRISMA guidelines, searches of Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were conducted, including English language literature published before October 2022. Eligible studies reported on interventions for adolescent or young adult populations ages 13-25 years experiencing homelessness. The initial search yielded 3850 citations; 353 underwent full text review and 48 met inclusion criteria, of which there were 33 unique studies. Studies revealed a need for greater geographic distribution of empirically based interventions, as well as interventions targeting TAY-EH in rural settings. Studies varied greatly regarding their operationalizations of homelessness and their method of intervention implementation, but generally indicated a need for increased direct-street outreach in participant recruitment and improved incorporation of youth feedback into intervention design. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to examine the representation of various groups of TAY-EH in the literature on substance use and mental health interventions. Further intervention research engaging youth from various geographic locations and youth experiencing different forms of homelessness is needed to better address the behavioral health needs of a variety of TAY-EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Mira Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amy F Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ronan L H Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Timothy E Wilens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lisa L Philpotts
- Treadwell Library, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Colin W Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Lim S, Cherian T, Katyal M, Goldfeld KS, McDonald R, Wiewel E, Khan M, Krawczyk N, Braunstein S, Murphy SM, Jalali A, Jeng PJ, Rosner Z, MacDonald R, Lee JD. Jail-based medication for opioid use disorder and patterns of reincarceration and acute care use after release: A sequence analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 158:209254. [PMID: 38072387 PMCID: PMC10947890 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with methadone and buprenorphine medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during incarceration may lead to better community re-entry, but evidence on these relationships have been mixed. We aimed to identify community re-entry patterns and examine the association between in-jail MOUD and a pattern of successful reentry defined by rare occurrence of reincarceration and preventable healthcare utilization. METHODS Data came from a retrospective, observational cohort study of 6066 adults with opioid use disorder who were incarcerated in New York City jails and released to the community during 2011-14. An outcome was community re-entry patterns identified by sequence analysis of 3-year post-release reincarceration, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations. An exposure was receipt of in-jail MOUD versus out-of-treatment (42 % vs. 58 %) for the last 3 days before discharge. The study accounted for differences in baseline demographic, clinical, behavioral, housing, and criminal legal characteristics between in-jail MOUD and out-of-treatment groups via propensity score matching. RESULTS This study identified five re-entry patterns: stability (64 %), hospitalization (23 %), delayed reincarceration (7 %), immediate reincarceration (4 %), and continuous incarceration (2 %). After addressing confounding, 64 % and 57 % followed the stability pattern among MOUD and out-of-treatment groups who were released from jail in 2011, respectively. In 2012-14, the prevalence of following the stability pattern increased year-by-year while a consistently higher prevalence was observed among those with in-jail MOUD. CONCLUSIONS Sequence analysis helped define post-release stability based on health and criminal legal system involvement. Receipt of in-jail MOUD was associated with a marker of successful community re-entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Lim
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, United States of America.
| | - Teena Cherian
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, United States of America
| | - Monica Katyal
- NYC Health and Hospitals/Correctional Health Services, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Keith S Goldfeld
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan McDonald
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ellen Wiewel
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria Khan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Noa Krawczyk
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sarah Braunstein
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, United States of America
| | - Sean M Murphy
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ali Jalali
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Philip J Jeng
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zachary Rosner
- NYC Health and Hospitals/Correctional Health Services, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ross MacDonald
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Joshua D Lee
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
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Burke CW, Firmin ES, Lanni S, Ducharme P, DiSalvo M, Wilens TE. Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Illness Among Transitional Age Youth Experiencing Homelessness. JAACAP OPEN 2023; 1:3-11. [PMID: 38239849 PMCID: PMC10795800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Objective Transitional age youth experiencing homelessness (TAY-EH) bear a high burden of substance use disorders (SUDs) and psychopathology. However, limited data exist on the co-occurrence and interactions between these diagnoses in this marginalized group. This study sought to identify rates of single and co-occurring SUDs and psychiatric diagnoses among a sample of TAY-EH and to investigate associations between psychopathology and prevalence and severity of SUDs in this group. Method TAY-EH accessing a low-threshold social service agency in a large metropolitan area completed psychosocial and diagnostic interviews to assess for SUDs and psychopathology. Analyses examined rates of single and co-occurring disorders and associations between burden of psychopathology and presence and severity of SUDs. Results The assessment was completed by 140 TAY-EH; the majority were youth of color (54% Black/African American, 16% Latinx), and 57% identified as male. Rates of single and co-occurring psychiatric disorders and specific SUDs (cannabis use disorder [CUD] and alcohol use disorder [AUD]) were notably high. An increasing number of psychiatric diagnoses was significantly associated with elevated CUD/AUD prevalence and severity. Mood, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and antisocial personality disorders were significantly associated with elevated CUD/AUD prevalence and severity, as was suicidality (all p < .05). Conclusion This study reveals a complex overlay of SUDs and psychopathology facing TAY-EH, with a significant association between co-occurring psychopathology and severity of CUD/AUD. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine associations between specific psychopathology and severity of SUDs among TAY-EH. Further research into the mechanistic and temporal links between these conditions is needed to inform tailored treatment interventions.
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O'Grady MA, Tross S, Cohall A, Wilson P, Cohall R, Campos S, Lee S, Dolezal C, Elkington KS. Readiness to change among justice-involved young adults in an alternative sentencing program who screened positive for alcohol or drug risk. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100456. [PMID: 36147454 PMCID: PMC9485898 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Justice-involved young adults are in need of tailored substance use interventions. Readiness to change is a key component of substance use behavioral change. Many justice-involved young adults were ready to change their substance use. Personal reasons to quit using drugs are a potential intervention target.
Introduction Readiness to change is a key component of substance use behavioral change; yet little is known about readiness to change among justice-involved young adults. This study 1) describes readiness to change alcohol and drug use and 2) examines predictors of readiness to change alcohol and drug use among justice-involved young adults. Method Justice-involved young adults (18–24 years; n = 137) who were positive on a validated alcohol and/or drug screening tool completed an interview assessing substance use, readiness to change, and reasons to quit. A multivariable linear regression model examined whether reasons to change and substance use severity, and interactions between these, predicted readiness. Results More than half of participants were contemplating or had decided to quit/cut down substance use. Personal reasons to quit were positively related to readiness to change; interpersonal reasons were negatively associated. Conclusions This study contributes information needed to design motivational interventions for substance use among justice-involved young adults. Personal reasons to quit using drugs are a potential intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A O'Grady
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Susan Tross
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
| | - Alwyn Cohall
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA.,New York Presbyterian Hospital, USA
| | - Patrick Wilson
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA
| | - Renee Cohall
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA.,New York Presbyterian Hospital, USA
| | - Stephanie Campos
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
| | - Sin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
| | - Curtis Dolezal
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA.,HIV Center of Clinical and Behavioral Studies, USA
| | - Katherine S Elkington
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA.,HIV Center of Clinical and Behavioral Studies, USA
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