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Chen CP, Ko TM, Huang JP, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Chen WL, Lee MS, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of a familial normal euchromatic variant of dup(15)(q11.2q11.2) in a pregnancy with a favorable outcome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 59:770-772. [PMID: 32917335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis of a familial normal euchromatic variant of dup(15)(q11.2q11.2) in a pregnancy with a favorable outcome. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old woman underwent elective amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of anxiety. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,dup(15)(q11.2q11.2). Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed the result of arr (1-22, X) × 2 with no genomic imbalance. Cytogenetic analysis of the parental bloods showed that the mother had a karyotype of 46,XX,dup(15)(q11.2q11.2), and the father had a karyotype of 46,XY. Prenatal ultrasound findings were unremarkable. A healthy 2948 g female baby was delivered at 39 weeks of gestation without any phenotypic abnormality. Cytogenetic analysis of the cord blood revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,dup(15)(q11.2q11.2). CONCLUSION Prenatal diagnosis of dup(15)(q11.2q11.2) should include a differential diagnosis of a 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) microduplication encompassing TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA2 and NIPA1, and aCGH analysis is useful for the differential diagnosis under such a circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsang-Ming Ko
- Genephile Bioscience Laboratory, Ko's Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Pei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Phenotypic Diversity of 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion in Three Korean Families with Development Delay and/or Intellectual Disability: A Case Series and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040722. [PMID: 33921555 PMCID: PMC8072617 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 15q11.2 breakpoint (BP) 1–BP2 deletion syndrome is emerging as the most frequent pathogenic copy number variation in humans related to neurodevelopmental diseases, with changes in cognition, behavior, and brain morphology. Previous publications have reported that patients with 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 deletion showed intellectual disability (ID), speech impairment, developmental delay (DD), and/or behavioral problems. We describe three new cases, aged 3 or 6 years old and belonging to three unrelated Korean families, with a 350-kb 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 deletion of four highly conserved genes, namely, the TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA2, and NIPA1 genes. All of our cases presented with global DD and/or ID, and the severity ranged from mild to severe, but common facial dysmorphism and congenital malformations in previous reports were not characteristic. The 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 deletion was inherited from an unaffected parent in all cases. Our three cases, together with previous findings from the literature review, confirm some of the features earlier reported to be associated with 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 deletion and help to further delineate the phenotype associated with 15q11.2 deletion. Identification of more cases with 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 deletion will allow us to obtain a better understanding of the clinical phenotypes. Further explanation of the functions of the genes within the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 region is required to resolve the pathogenic effects on neurodevelopment.
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Davis KW, Serrano M, Loddo S, Robinson C, Alesi V, Dallapiccola B, Novelli A, Butler MG. Parent-of-Origin Effects in 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Microdeletion (Burnside-Butler) Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1459. [PMID: 30909440 PMCID: PMC6470921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify whether parent-of-origin effects (POE) of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 microdeletion are associated with differences in clinical features in individuals inheriting the deletion, we collected 71 individuals reported with phenotypic data and known inheritance from a clinical cohort, a research cohort, the DECIPHER database, and the primary literature. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to test for differences in specific and grouped clinical symptoms based on parental inheritance and proband gender. Analyses controlled for sibling sets and individuals with additional variants of uncertain significance (VOUS). Among all probands, maternal deletions were associated with macrocephaly (p = 0.016) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD; p = 0.02), while paternal deletions were associated with congenital heart disease (CHD; p = 0.004). Excluding sibling sets, maternal deletions were associated with epilepsy as well as macrocephaly (p < 0.05), while paternal deletions were associated with CHD and abnormal muscular phenotypes (p < 0.05). Excluding sibling sets and probands with an additional VOUS, maternal deletions were associated with epilepsy (p = 0.019) and paternal deletions associated with muscular phenotypes (p = 0.008). Significant gender-based differences were also observed. Our results supported POEs of this deletion and included macrocephaly, epilepsy and ASD in maternal deletions with CHD and abnormal muscular phenotypes seen in paternal deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Loddo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | | | - Viola Alesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy.
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Sgardioli IC, Lustosa-Mendes E, dos Santos AP, Vieira TP, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL. A Rare Case of Concomitant Deletions in 15q11.2 and 19p13.3. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 156:80-86. [DOI: 10.1159/000493283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A female individual with concomitant deletions in 15q11.2 and 19p13.3 is reported. She presents facial dysmorphisms, motor delay, learning difficulties, and mild behavioral impairment. After chromosomal microarray analysis, the final karyotype was established as 46,XX.arr[GRCh37] 15q11.2 (22770421_23282798)×1,19p13.3(3793904_4816330)×1. The deletion in 15q11.2 is 507 kb in size involving 7 non-imprinted genes, 4 of which are registered in the OMIM database and are implicated in neuropsychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders. The deletion in 19p13.3 is 1,022 kb in size and encompasses 47 genes, most of which do not have a well-known function. The genotype-phenotype correlation is discussed, and most of the features could be related to the 19p13.3 deletion, except for velopharyngeal insufficiency. Other genes encompassed in the deleted region, as well as unrecognized epistatic factors could also be involved. Nevertheless, the two-hit model related to the 15q11.2 deletion would be an important hypothesis to be considered.
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Yokoyama-Rebollar E, Ruiz-Herrera A, Lieberman-Hernández E, Del Castillo-Ruiz V, Sánchez-Sandoval S, Ávila-Flores SM, Castrillo JL. Angelman Syndrome due to familial translocation: unexpected additional results characterized by Microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:27. [PMID: 25901183 PMCID: PMC4404657 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 15q11q13 region is subject to imprinting and is involved in various structural rearrangements. Less than 1% of Angelman Syndrome patients are due to translocations involving 15q11q13. These translocations can arise de novo or result from the segregation of chromosomes involved in a familial balanced translocation. Results A 5-year-old Mexican girl presented with developmental delay, minor dysmorphic features and history of exotropia. G-banding chromosome analysis established the diagnosis of Angelman Syndrome resulting from a familial translocation t(10;15) involving the 15q11.2 region. The available family members were studied using banding and molecular cytogenetic techniques, including Microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization, which revealed additional unexpected results: a coincidental and smaller 15q deletion, asymptomatic duplications in 15q11.2 and Xp22.31 regions. Conclusions This report demonstrates the usefulness of array CGH for a detailed characterization of familial translocations, including the detection of submicroscopic copy number variations, which would otherwise be missed by karyotype analysis alone. Our report also expands two molecularly characterized rare patient cohorts: Angelman Syndrome patients due to familial translocations and patients with 15q11.2 duplications of paternal origin.
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Santotoribio JD, Salinas-Martín MV, Batalha-Caetano P. [Neurological dysfunction and 15q11.2 microdeletion: Report of a new case]. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 145:371-2. [PMID: 25577585 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Diego Santotoribio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, España.
| | | | - Paula Batalha-Caetano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Uro-Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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15q11.2 microdeletion (BP1–BP2) and developmental delay, behaviour issues, epilepsy and congenital heart disease: A series of 52 patients. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chaste P, Sanders SJ, Mohan KN, Klei L, Song Y, Murtha MT, Hus V, Lowe JK, Willsey AJ, Moreno-De-Luca D, Yu TW, Fombonne E, Geschwind D, Grice DE, Ledbetter DH, Lord C, Mane SM, Martin DM, Morrow EM, Walsh CA, Sutcliffe JS, State MW, Martin CL, Devlin B, Beaudet AL, Cook EH, Kim SJ. Modest impact on risk for autism spectrum disorder of rare copy number variants at 15q11.2, specifically breakpoints 1 to 2. Autism Res 2014; 7:355-62. [PMID: 24821083 PMCID: PMC6003409 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The proximal region of chromosome 15 is one of the genomic hotspots for copy number variants (CNVs). Among the rearrangements observed in this region, CNVs from the interval between the common breakpoints 1 and 2 (BP1 and BP2) have been reported cosegregating with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although evidence supporting an association between BP1-BP2 CNVs and autism accumulates, the magnitude of the effect of BP1-BP2 CNVs remains elusive, posing a great challenge to recurrence-risk counseling. To gain further insight into their pathogenicity for ASD, we estimated the penetrance of the BP1-BP2 CNVs for ASD as well as their effects on ASD-related phenotypes in a well-characterized ASD sample (n = 2525 families). Transmission disequilibrium test revealed significant preferential transmission only for the duplicated chromosome in probands (20T:9NT). The penetrance of the BP1-BP2 CNVs for ASD was low, conferring additional risks of 0.3% (deletion) and 0.8% (duplication). Stepwise regression analyses suggest a greater effect of the CNVs on ASD-related phenotype in males and when maternally inherited. Taken together, the results are consistent with BP1-BP2 CNVs as risk factors for autism. However, their effect is modest, more akin to that seen for common variants. To be consistent with the current American College of Medical Genetics guidelines for interpretation of postnatal CNV, the BP1-BP2 deletion and duplication CNVs would probably best be classified as variants of uncertain significance (VOUS): they appear to have an impact on risk, but one so modest that these CNVs do not merit pathogenic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chaste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
| | - Stephan J. Sanders
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kommu N. Mohan
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Youeun Song
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael T. Murtha
- Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vanessa Hus
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Lowe
- Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology and Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - A. Jeremy Willsey
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Moreno-De-Luca
- Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Timothy W. Yu
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology and Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dorothy E. Grice
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David H. Ledbetter
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Lord
- Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, New York, USA
| | | | - Donna M. Martin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric M. Morrow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, and Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School Center for Life Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James S. Sutcliffe
- Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew W. State
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christa Lese Martin
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arthur L. Beaudet
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin H. Cook
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Soo-Jeong Kim
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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De Wolf V, Brison N, Devriendt K, Peeters H. Genetic counseling for susceptibility loci and neurodevelopmental disorders: the del15q11.2 as an example. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2846-54. [PMID: 24123946 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) that confer risk of neurodevelopmental disorders have been identified (e.g., del and dup 16p11.2, del15q13.3, del and dup 1q21.1, del16p13.3, del15q11.2). They are often inherited from an unaffected parent and lack phenotypic specificity. Although there is growing evidence from association studies to consider them as susceptibility CNVs, their clinical utility is debated. Yet the clinician is frequently challenged to deal with these counseling situations without guidelines or consensus. In this report, counseling issues and research opportunities are discussed, with the recurrent 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 (including CYFIP1, NIPA1, NIPA2, TUBGCP5) as an example. Several clinical reports have been published describing patients with del15q11.2 featuring intellectual disability, developmental delay, neurological problems, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention problems, speech delay, and dysmorphism. The del15q11.2 was found to be significantly associated with intellectual disability, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and ASD. In this report we discuss how patient-specific and family-specific information may alter the interpretation of del15q11.2 as a contributing factor to the disorder in practical counseling situations. In addition, an association study for ASD in a Belgian Flemish cohort and an overview of reported association studies, clinical reports and genomics data for del15q11.2 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle De Wolf
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lledo B, Ortiz JA, Morales R, Manchon I, Galan F, Bernabeu A, Bernabeu R. Characterization of a balanced complex chromosomal rearrangement carrier ascertained through a fetus with dup15q26.3 and del5p15.33: case report. HUM FERTIL 2013; 16:215-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2013.814810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Madrigal I, Rodríguez-Revenga L, Xunclà M, Milà M. 15q11.2 microdeletion and FMR1 premutation in a family with intellectual disabilities and autism. Gene 2012; 508:92-5. [PMID: 22842191 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements of chromosome 15q11-q13 are responsible for diverse phenotypes including intellectual disabilities and autism. 15q11.2 deletion, implicating common PWS/AS breakpoints BP1-BP2, has been described in patients with delayed motor and speech development and behavioural problems. Here we report the clinical and molecular characterisation of a maternally inherited BP1-BP2 deletion in two siblings with intellectual, motor and speech delay, autistic syndrome disorder and several dysmorphic features. One of the patients was also a carrier of an FMR1 allele in the low premutation range. The four genes within the deletion were under-expressed in all deletion carriers but FMR1 mRNA levels remained normal. Our results suggest that BP1-BP2 deletion could be considered as a risk factor for neuropsychological phenotypes and that it presents with variable clinical expressivity.
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