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Hong E, Kang Y. Lifestyle Factors Influencing Metabolic Syndrome after Adjusting for Socioeconomic Status and Female Reproductive Health Indicators: A National Representative Survey in Korean Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:821. [PMID: 38667583 PMCID: PMC11050311 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing markedly among postmenopausal women. Although studies suggest multiple risk factors for its development, few have investigated changes in socioeconomic status (SES), female reproductive health indicators (menarche age, experience of pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding, and postmenopausal status), and lifestyle factors. This study investigated lifestyle factors affecting MetS prevalence among pre- and post-menopausal women after adjusting for SES and female reproductive health indicators. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII (2016-2018) on 2856 pre- and postmenopausal women aged 40-59 years were analyzed. Differences in SES (e.g., age, education, and household income), female reproductive health indicators (e.g., age of menarche and menopause), and lifestyle (e.g., total calorie intake, fats, and proteins, percentage of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, smoking, physical activity, and obesity) between MetS and non-MetS groups were calculated by performing χ2 or t-tests. Consequently, current smoking, physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity were significantly associated with increased MetS after adjusting for SES and female reproductive health indicators using logistic regression analysis. Hence, health policies and programs focusing on modifiable MetS risk factors-encouraging healthy eating habits, smoking cessation, and regular exercise-must be formulated to prevent the development of MetS in pre- and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Hong
- Sustainable Health Research Institute, College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youngmi Kang
- East-West Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Ra JS. Factors associated with the combination of general and abdominal obesity in middle-aged and older Korean women: a cross-sectional study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:379-387. [PMID: 37920895 PMCID: PMC10626319 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify factors associated with general and abdominal obesity in middle-aged and older Korean women based on the biopsychosocial model. METHODS Data from 4,076 women aged ≥45 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. Complex sampling analysis was performed using IBM SPSS ver. 26.0. RESULTS The combination of general and abdominal obesity was positively associated with age ≥65 years, postmenopausal status, and without breastfeeding experience among biomedical factors; depressive symptoms and prolonged (≥8 hours a day) sedentary behavior among psychosocial factors; and an educational level lower than middle or high school graduation and the first and second income quantiles among biosocial factors. CONCLUSION Healthcare providers in communities and public societies should screen for risk factors for the combination of general and abdominal obesity while considering non-modifiable biomedical (e.g., age) and biosocial factors (e.g., educational level). In addition, intervention strategies should be developed by considering modifiable psychosocial factors such as sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Ra
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Yanai H. Parity and Maternal Cardiovascular Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:107-109. [PMID: 35599001 PMCID: PMC9925199 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital,
Chiba, Japan
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Li J, Santibenchakul S, Chongpison Y, Amornvit J, Chaikittisilpa S, Jaisamrarn U. Association Between Breastfeeding and Reduced Distal Sensory Polyneuropathy in Postmenopausal Women Aged 40-70 Years: Analysis of Data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Breastfeed Med 2023; 18:59-65. [PMID: 36576797 PMCID: PMC9889012 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2022.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is a common peripheral neuropathy subtype. We aimed to determine the association between breastfeeding and DSP among postmenopausal women aged 40-70 years, and the effect modification of obesity on this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. Postmenopausal women aged 40-70 years were included. Women with diabetes, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, liver disease, weak/failing kidneys, or amputation were excluded. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between breastfeeding and DSP. Results: Among 798 participants, 386 (44.30%) reported breastfeeding history and 51 (5.29%) were defined as having DSP using the monofilament test. A significant inverse association was observed between breastfeeding and DSP (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.79; p = 0.017) after adjusting for other confounding variables. In subgroup analysis, this adjusted association was observed only in the obese group (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.73, p = 0.013). Conclusions: Breastfeeding was found to have potential benefits in the presence of DSP in postmenopausal women aged 40-70 years, and obesity modified the association between breastfeeding and DSP. Promoting breastfeeding may reduce the burden of peripheral neuropathy in middle-aged postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsook Santibenchakul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuda Chongpison
- Center of Excellence in Biostatistics, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jakkrit Amornvit
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Chaikittisilpa
- Menopause Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Unnop Jaisamrarn
- Menopause Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ra JS. Combined Effects of Metabolic Abnormalities and Obesity on Cardiovascular Diseases among Korean Postmenopausal Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9081064. [PMID: 34442201 PMCID: PMC8394305 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined effects of metabolic abnormalities, including metabolic syndrome and obesity, should be identified to screen postmenopausal women at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the combined effects of metabolic abnormalities and obesity on cardiovascular diseases among postmenopausal Korean women (aged 40-83 years). Data of 5959 postmenopausal women from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018) were secondarily analyzed. Using complex simple analysis procedures, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the combined effect of metabolic abnormalities and obesity on cardiovascular diseases among postmenopausal Korean women. In combination, metabolic syndrome (more than three metabolic abnormalities) and obesity (overweight [≥23 kg/m2 and <25 kg/m2 in body mass index] and obese [>25 kg/m2 in body mass index]) increased the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases but combining more than one metabolic abnormality and obesity did not. Combining metabolic syndrome and non-obesity (underweight and normal weight) increased the likelihood of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases but combining more than one metabolic abnormality and non-obesity did not. Increased cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women may be more commonly associated with metabolic syndrome having multiple metabolic abnormalities, but not obesity. Thus, instead of simple weight control, early management of metabolic syndrome is recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Ra
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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Combined Effects of Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors on Metabolic Syndrome among Postmenopausal Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9070848. [PMID: 34356226 PMCID: PMC8304088 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the combined effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, including diet, sedentary behavior, and physical activity on metabolic syndrome (MS) and components of MS among postmenopausal women. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2018) with a cross-sectional study design. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with data from 6114 Korean postmenopausal women. While no significant effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, either individually or as a combination, were found for MS, prolonged sedentary behavior without poor dietary behavior and insufficient physical activity was associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–2.29) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.13–2.10). The combination of poor dietary behavior and prolonged sedentary behaviors was also associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10–2.00) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.14–1.96). In addition, prolonged sedentary behavior and insufficient physical activity together were associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.90–4.20) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.13–2.24). Finally, combining poor dietary behavior, prolonged sedentary behavior, and insufficient physical activity was also associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.50–2.80) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.32–2.23). Strategies for replacing sedentary behavior of postmenopausal women with activities are warranted for prevention of abdominal obesity and impaired fasting glucose.
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Yao Y, Long T, Pan Y, Li Y, Wu L, Fu B, Ma H. A Five-step Systematic Therapy for Treating Plugged Ducts and Mastitis in Breastfeeding Women: A Case-Control Study. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2021; 15:197-202. [PMID: 34048977 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe the clinical response to five-step systematic therapy (FSST) in the management of plugged ducts and mastitis. FSST was a comprehensive milk stasis dredging treatment, which contained five steps to make the milk out of the plugged duct. METHODS This retrospective study included 922 breastfeeding women, 714 with plugged ducts, and 208 with mastitis who received FSST from June to September 2017. The breast pain score, swelling degree, and range of breast induration were recorded pre-FSST and post-FSST. RESULTS After a single FSST, pain score and swelling degree were significantly improved (both p < .001) in all cases. After FSST, the mean breast pain relief score was 1.69 ± 0.70, whereas the mean swelling fade away degree was 1.61 ± 0.62. In the subgroup analysis, pain score and swelling degree were significantly improved (both p < .001) in the plugged ducts group and the mastitis group. The score of pain relief in the plugged ducts group was less than that in the mastitis group (1.63 ± 0.68 vs. 1.91 ± 0.70, t = 5.30; p < .001), whereas improvement of swelling fade away was greater in the plugged ducts group than the mastitis group (1.65 ± 0.64 vs. 1.48 ± 0.56, t = 3.49; p = .001). The composition ratio of changes in induration range between the two groups was statistically different (Pearson χ2 = 137.87, p < .001), of which more obvious improvement in the plugged ducts group than the mastitis group (χ2 = 25.65, p < .001). CONCLUSION FSST can relieve pain, reduce breast swelling and range of induration, and for plugged ducts or mastitis varied degree differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianzhu Long
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benjie Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Suliga E, Ciesla E, Gluszek-Osuch M, Lysek-Gladysinska M, Wawrzycka I, Gluszek S. Breastfeeding and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Perimenopausal Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092691. [PMID: 32899228 PMCID: PMC7551428 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the long-term benefits of breastfeeding for mother's metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate the links between breastfeeding duration and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in perimenopausal women. The analysis included a group of 7621 women aged 55.4 ± 5.4 years. MetS and its components were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Women who breastfed for 13-18 months and beyond 18 months were at lower risk of MetS (odds ratio OR) = 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.95; p = 0.017 and OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98; p = 0.030, respectively) than those who never breastfed. Meanwhile, women who breastfed for 7-12 months showed increased glucose concentration (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.94; p = 0.012) compared with those who had never breastfed. The additional analysis involving parity showed that women who had given birth to two babies and breastfed them had lower odds of MetS than those who never breastfed (p < 0.05), although there was no significant difference among women who breastfed for >18 months. Women who had given birth to at least three children and breastfed for 1-6 and 13-18 months had lower odds of MetS and increased triglyceride concentration (p < 0.05). Moreover, participants having breastfed for 1-6 months were found to have a reduced risk of abdominal obesity compared with those who had not breastfed (p < 0.05). Breastfeeding is associated with lower prevalence of MetS in perimenopausal women and can be recommended as a way of reducing the risk of MetS and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Suliga
- Institute of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, ul. Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland; (E.C.); (M.G.-O.); (I.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-41-349-6909; Fax: +48-41-349-6916
| | - Elzbieta Ciesla
- Institute of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, ul. Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland; (E.C.); (M.G.-O.); (I.W.)
| | - Martyna Gluszek-Osuch
- Institute of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, ul. Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland; (E.C.); (M.G.-O.); (I.W.)
| | | | - Iwona Wawrzycka
- Institute of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, ul. Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland; (E.C.); (M.G.-O.); (I.W.)
| | - Stanislaw Gluszek
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, ul. Zeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
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